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Comparison of hepatic and splenic stiffness in chronic hepatitis C infection with and without schistosomal infection; correlation with hepatic histopathological changes.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the degree of liver and spleen stiffness in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients co-infected with schistosomiasis, and chronic HCV mono-infected patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 50 Egyptian chronic HCV patients, categorized into two groups: group A (25 patients with chronic HCV mono-infection) and group B (25 patients with chronic HCV and schistosomiasis coinfection). Also, 25 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects with no evidence of liver disease were included in the study as a control group. Stage of fibrosis was assessed inv…

The persistence of amoebosis caused by Entamoeba histolytica in Nigeria and the role of malnutrition.

Amoebosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is a gastrointestinal infection and the second leading cause of death from … oebosis in the Nigerian example of tropical regions. The dynamics of the infection such as possible coinfection with opportunistic pathogens were also, evaluated. Based on the available reports, we posit that amoebosis is a common tropical infection perpetuated by malnutrition following poor living standard including unhygienic environmental exposure.

Histopathologic findings of idiopathic trachyonychia: An analysis of 30 adult patients.

BACKGROUND: Trachyonychia, a rare inflammatory disease of the nail matrix, has a more chronic course in adults compared with that in childre … ly, mycological tests should be considered during initial evaluation as there are cases with fungal coinfection.

Integrating childhood TB: applying the care delivery value chain to improve pediatric HIV/TB services in Togo, West Africa.

The World Health Organization has prioritized integrating tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services. Diagnosis of HIV/TB coinfection in children remains a challenge worldwide for numerous reasons. The care delivery value chain (CDVC) is an effective tool that can be applied as a systemic framework for assessing health care delivery. Our objective was to apply the CDVC framework to improve pediatric HIV/TB care at an HIV center in northern Togo that serves over 130 children and 1000 adults living with HIV. Using the CDVC framework, gaps in HIV/TB care were identified, an…

[Indirect immunofluorescence technique versus polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of respiratory viruses in children admitted to a hospital in the Metropolitan Region].

BACKGROUND: Early viral detection in acute respiratory infections (ARI) is essential to establish appropriate therapy and prevent nosocomial … ovirus/enterovirus (21.3%), adenovirus (14.9%) and parainfluenza (4,3%) among others, with 35.5% of coinfection. The IIF presented sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 73.6%, PPV: 82.7%, NPV: 77.7% and kappa: 0.5990 (95% CI, 0.3636-0.8346) for RSV. CONCLUSION: The IIF presents good sensitivity, but moderate specificity for RSV. However, IIF fails to detect other …

A SEMIPARAMETRIC MODELING APPROACH USING BAYESIAN ADDITIVE REGRESSION TREES WITH AN APPLICATION TO EVALUATE HETEROGENEOUS TREATMENT EFFECTS.

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) is a flexible machine learning algorithm capable of capturing nonlinearities between an outcome an … strated with simulation studies and an application to dataset involving adults with HIV/Hepatitis C coinfection who newly initiate antiretroviral therapy. The methods are available in an R package called semibart.

Salmonella enterica and Theileria co-infection in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in UAE.

BACKGROUND: Despite a steady increase in camel husbandry worldwide, pathology of camel diseases is still relatively under-investigated. Clin … resence of pleomorphic Theileria piroplasms. The results suggest that the clinical symptoms were as coinfection induced by salmonellosis and theileriosis. CONCLUSION: Given these remarkable findings, further research should aim to better characterize the opportunistic pathogens associated with camel theileriosis, as well as to determine other possible infect …

Wildlife Management Practices Associated with Pathogen Exposure in Non-Native Wild Pigs in Florida, U.S.

Land use influences disease emergence by changing the ecological dynamics of humans, wildlife, domestic animals, and pathogens. This is a ce … of the most basic wildlife management operations: Hunting. The seroprevalence of PrV-Brucella spp. coinfection or PrV alone was higher for wild pigs in land management areas that allowed hunting with dogs than in areas that culled animals using other harvest methods. This pattern did not hold for Brucella alone. The likelihood of exposure to PrV, but not Bru …

Adenovirus Ocular Infections: Prevalence, Pathology, Pitfalls, and Practical Pointers.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis comprises a large number of physician office visits in the United States and places a great financial burden on he … ncludes artificial tears and cool compresses. Topical antibiotics are only indicated if a bacterial coinfection is suspected or in high-risk patients such as children. Prevention against this extremely contagious disease is of utmost importance. Although most cases are self-limited and have a relatively benign course, permanent visual disability can occur. Fo …

Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HIV.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming an important cause of mortality in patients with HIV, attributed to coinfection with hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and the longer survival advantage these patients are achieving after introducing the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to hepatitis infection, immunosuppression secondary to HIV infection, direct impact of the virus on liver parenchyma, and the use of hepatotoxic antiretroviral drugs, all contribute to HCC pathogenesis. Screening is very important in this partic…

Fatal toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed domestic cat from Brazil caused by Toxoplasma gondii clonal type I.

The objective of the study was to report on a fatal case of feline toxoplasmosis with coinfection with the feline leukemia virus (FeLV). A domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) presented intense dyspnea and died three days later. In the necropsy, the lungs were firm, without collapse and with many white areas; moderate lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly were also observed. The histopathological examination showed severe necrotic interstitial bronchopneumonia and mild necrotic hepatitis, associated with intralesional cysts and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii that were positive by anti-T. gondii…

Effect of HIV on the Frequency and Number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4+ T Cells in Blood and Airways During Latent M. tuberculosis Infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection substantially increases the risk of developing tuberculosis. There is extensive depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells in blood during early HIV infection, but little is known about responses in the lungs at this stage. Given that mucosal organs are a principal target for HIV-mediated CD4+ T-cell destruction, we investigated M. tuberculosis-specific responses in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from persons with latent M. tuberculosis infection and untreated HIV coinfection with preserved CD4+ T-cell counts. M. tuberculosis…

Обнаружение нескольких устойчивых к лекарственным препаратам туберкулеза с использованием MGITTM (TM) и MAS-PCR в Трипуре, Индия.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Многодиапазонно-стойкий туберкулез (МДР-ТБ) представляет собой глобальную угрозу, которая еще больше усугубляется эпидемией вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ). ЦЕЛЬ: обнаружение MDR-TB среди больных лёгкими туберкулёзом, инфицированных или не инфицированных ВИЧ, путем изоляции и идентификации туберкулёза микобацерия из клинических образцов и проведения теста на наличие лекарств (DST). МЕТОДЫ: Спутник был собран на основе предполагаемых случаев ПТБ. Микроскопическая экспертиза была проведена после пятна Зехла-Нилсена (ZN) и культурно оформлена в Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ).

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a global threat that is further compounded by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. OBJECTIVE: To detect MDR-TB among pulmonary TB (PTB) patients with or without HIV coinfection by isolating and identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical samples and performing drug susceptibili…

Dysbiotic infection in the stomach.

Microbiota in human alimentary tract plays important roles for homeostatic maintenance of the body. Compositional difference of gut microbio … ylori carriers had a decreased risk of developing immunological diseases, such as asthma. H. pylori coinfection also suppresses inflammatory bowel diseases. This review describes human gastric microbiota by discussing its mutual interaction and pathogenic enrollment. Gastric "dysbiosis" may affect host inflammatory response and play important role for gastric …

Treatment Considerations for Unique Patient Populations With HCV Genotype 1 Infection.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 in certain populations of patients that require … ected: decompensated cirrhosis, post-liver transplant, HIV, African Americans, obesity, hepatitis B coinfection, renal impairment, pregnancy, and pediatrics. CONCLUSION: Depending on the population studied, clinicians must consider differences in efficacy outcomes, potential drug interactions, and adverse effects that patients may experience.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Linked Delivery of Oncolytic and Apoptotic Adenoviruses to Non-small-cell Lung Cancers.

Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAdV) represent a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Despite their activity in preclinical models, to date the clinical efficacy remains confined to minor responses after intratumor injection. To overcome these limitations, we developed an alternative approach using the combination of the OAdv ICOVIR15 with a replication incompetent adenoviral vector carrying the suicide gene of inducible Caspase 9 (Ad.iC9), both of which are delivered by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We hypothesized that coinfection with ICOVIR15 and Ad.iC9 would allow MSCs to replicate both ve…

Frequency of piroplasms Babesia microti and Cytauxzoon felis in stray cats from northern Italy.

Emerging diseases caused by piroplasms pose a health risk for man and other animals, and domestic cats have been proposed as potential reser … linical condition and recovered well from the neutering surgery. One of these two cats had a triple coinfection with Babesia microti, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Evidence presented in this study indicates that the blood borne protozoans Babesia microti and Cytauxzoon felis are not widely distributed in stray cat populati …

Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae causes otitis media during single-species infection and during polymicrobial infection with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae strains lacking capsular polysaccharide have been increasingly reported in carriage and disease contexts. Since mos … ed for two weeks post-inoculation and induced symptoms consistent with chronic otitis media. During coinfection with nontypeable H. influenzae, both species persisted for one week and induced polymicrobial otitis media. We also observed that nontypeable H. influenzae conferred passive protection from killing by amoxicillin upon S. pneumoniae from within polym …

Chronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis: a rare case report and review of the literature.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an invasive infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucoraceae family. The rhinocerebral form of the dise … oral posaconazole therapy. Chronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis may present with atypical symptoms or coinfection with another agent. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required for correct diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment.

Identification of Chlamydiae and Mycoplasma species in ruminants with ocular infections.

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a highly contagious ocular inflammatory condition, which is often reported in domestic small and la … best of our knowledge, this is the first time these species are identified in IKC cases from India. Coinfection of both chlamydial and mycoplasmal species was detected in eight IKC cases of ovine which suggest synergistic roles played by both chlamydiae and mycoplasma in IKC samples.