Результаты поиска

Herpes Zoster and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Associations and Preventive Measures through Vaccination.

Herpes zoster, induced by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is a unilaterally distributed vesicular rash that can cause multiple complications. VZV not only causes neurological problems, including postherpetic neuralgia and ocular zoster, but also causes inflammatory vasculopathy and increases the incidence of hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Therefore, understanding the association between the development of herpes zoster and the subsequent occurrence of acute stroke or cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, is of great interest.

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… Additionally, it involves major histocompatibility complex class-I, which leads to ineffective clearance of the virus. 7.3. …

MIF and CD74 as Emerging Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is used to treat a wide range of cancers; however, some patients are at risk of developing treatment resistance and/or immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Thus, there is a great need for the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers for response and toxicity. The cytokine MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) and its cognate receptor CD74 are intimately connected with cancer progression and have previously been proposed as prognostic biomarkers for patient outcome in various cancers, including solid tumors such as malignant melanoma. He

Сравнительный анализ нервно-воспалительных путей болезни Альцгеймера, болезни Паркинсона и множественного склероза: понимание сходства и различий.

Растет интерес к нейродегенеративным болезням, усугубляющим значительное социально-экономическое бремя, вызванное старением общества. Несмотря на то, что каждая болезнь имеет различные этиологии, нейроинфламмация, как считается, играет решающую роль в болезни Альцгеймера (AD), болезни Паркинсона (PD) и множественном склерозе (MS). Помимо патогенной функции воспаления мозга, растет число свидетельств того, что иммунная реакция необходима для нейрорегенерации. Этот обзор сравнивает и контрастирует с нейроинфламационными путями, которые характерны для различных нейродегенеративных заболеваний. В

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… Additionally, through the Fas–Fas ligand pathway (CD95–CD95L), neurons actively promote T-cell death and display low amounts of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. …

Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot.

Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein

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… histocompatibility complex macrophage inflammatory protein matrix metalloproteinase mismatch repair mesenchymal stem cell mammalian target of rapamycin nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 nuclear factor‐kappa B next‐generation sequencing … A low mutational load, low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, and low PD‐L1 expression are some of the things that make these benign growths stand out. …

Безопасность иммунных модуляторов точек контроля за пределами PD-1/PD-L1 и CTLA-4 в твердых опухолях: мета-анализ.

ОБЗОР: Новые агенты, направленные на иммунные проверочные точки, разрабатываются для преодоления резистентности к блокировке PD-1/PD-L1 и CTLA-4. Частота иммунных ассоциированных нежелательных событий (irAEs) и токсичность новых агентов остается неизученной. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели поиск клинических испытаний в PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase и Web of Science, оценивающих агенты, направленные на коянгибиторные (B7-H3, CD47, TIGIT, LAG-3, TIM-3) или ко-стимулирующие проверочные точки (OX40, 4-1BB, CD27, ICOS, GITR, CD70, CD40) в твердых опухолях. Случаи любого класса и класса 3-5 (В тыс.G3-5) Связанные с об

Multiparametric grading of glaucoma severity by histopathology can enable post-mortem substratification of disease state.

Neurodegeneration in glaucoma patients is clinically identified through longitudinal assessment of structure-function changes, including intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratios from fundus images, and optical coherence tomography imaging of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Use of human post-mortem ocular tissue for basic research is rising in the glaucoma field, yet there are challenges in assessing disease stage and severity, since tissue donations with informed consent are often unaccompanied by detailed pre-mortem clinical information. Further, the interpretation of disease severity based so

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… Imai Y, Ibata I, Ito D, Ohsawa K, Kohsaka S (1996) A novel geneiba1in the major histocompatibility complex class III region encoding an EF hand protein expressed in a monocytic lineage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 224:855–862 18. …

CAR-T Cell Therapy-An Overview of Targets in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and, unfortunately, still has a high mortality rate. Recent research points to CAR-T immunotherapy as a promising treatment for this disease. Using genetically engineered T cells designed to target a previously selected antigen, researchers are able to harness the natural anti-tumor activity of T cells. For therapy to be successful, however, it is essential to choose antigens that are present on tumor cells but not on healthy cells. In this review, we present an overview of the most important targets for CAR-T therapy in th

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… T cell receptors (TCR) require antigen presentation through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and the expression of MHC is reduced in tumors. …

CAR-T cell therapy clinical trials: global progress, challenges, and future directions from ClinicalTrials.gov insights.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has undergone vigorous development in recent years, yet it still faces significant challenges and difficulties in its clinical application and further development. A systematic synthesis of global trends in CAR-T clinical trials is essential to identify knowledge gaps, optimize treatment strategies, and guide future research directions. This review analyzed 1,580 CAR-T clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 2024, and extracted characteristic data in multiple dimensions, including target specificity, treatment indication, an

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… This unique design enables direct binding to target antigens via a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent mechanism, triggering T cell cytotoxic activity and thus representing one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in modern medicine, especially in oncology ( 1 ). …

Profile of elotuzumab and its potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Although the introduction of novel drugs has improved outcome significantly in multiple myeloma (MM), many patients still eventually relapse. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting MM-related antigens can complement currently available therapies. CS1 (also known as CD2 subunit 1, SLAMF7, CD319, and CRACC), a cell surface glycoprotein receptor that is a member of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family, is highly and nearly uniformly expressed in myeloma cells at the gene and protein level, but not expressed in other tissues, including hematopoietic stem cells, making CS1 a

Drug Conjugated and Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: Improving Immunotherapies off the Shelf.

The impressive improvement of overall survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the last years has been mostly related to the availability of new classes of drugs with different mechanisms of action, including proteasome inhibitors (PI), immunomodulating agents (IMiDs), and monoclonal antibodies. However, even with this increased potence of fire, MM still remains an incurable condition, due to clonal selection and evolution of neoplastic clone. This concept underlines the importance of immunotherapy as one of the most relevant tools to try to eradicate the disease. In line with this concep

The P2X7R-antagonist AFC-5128 ameliorates chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a preventive and therapeutic paradigm.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammation driven by central nervous system (CNS)-resident immune cells such as microglia, especially during the progressive phase of the disease. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a risk protein for MS, is ubiquitously expressed on immune cells. AFC-5128, a CNS-penetrating small molecule inhibitor of P2X7R, is a promising agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as MS. METHODS: In vitro, the effects on the calcium influx of primary murine microglia were assessed via Fluo-4 calcium imaging. In vivo, MOG35-55 immunized C57BL

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… EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; FTY, fingolimod; cx3cr1, cx3c motif chemokine receptor 1; P2RY12, purinergic receptor P2Y12; CD86, cluster of differentiation 86; MHCII, major histocompatibility complex II; CD68, cluster of differentiation 68; CD163, cluster of differentiation 163; CD206 …

Преобразовательный потенциал липидных наночастиц, приспособленных для острой миэлоидной лейкемии.

Технологи, которые занимаются клетками, и инженерная клеточная терапия до сих пор не принесли таких же впечатляющих результатов в острой миэлоидной лейкемии (АМЛ), что и в других гематологическая малигнации. В ходе этого обзора мы анализируем проблемы, связанные с разработкой иммунотерапии для борьбы с отмыванием денег, включая целевую, неопухоль, синдром выброса цитокина (КРС) и «миелиоидный поглотитель». Затем мы обсуждаем появление двух технологий, которые могли бы решить основные проблемы, связанные с проведением расследований по борьбе с отмыванием денег: целенаправленные липидные наночас

Metabolic Cooperation and Competition in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Therapy.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an ensemble of non-tumor cells comprising fibroblasts, cells of the immune system, and endothelial cells, besides various soluble secretory factors from all cellular components (including tumor cells). The TME forms a pro-tumorigenic cocoon around the tumor cells where reprogramming of the metabolism occurs in tumor and non-tumor cells that underlies the nature of interactions as well as competitions ensuring steady supply of nutrients and anapleoretic molecules for the tumor cells that fuels its growth even under hypoxic conditions. This metabolic reprogram

Salmonella enterica and outer membrane vesicles are current and future options for cancer treatment.

Conventional cancer therapies have many limitations. In the last decade, it has been suggested that bacteria-mediated immunotherapy may circumvent the restrictions of traditional treatments. For example, Salmonella enterica is the most promising bacteria for treating cancer due to its intrinsic abilities, such as killing tumor cells, targeting, penetrating, and proliferating into the tumor. S. enterica has been genetically modified to ensure safety and increase its intrinsic antitumor efficacy. This bacterium has been used as a vector for delivering anticancer agents and as a combination thera

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… DCs target lymph nodes to present antigenic peptides by class I major histocompatibility complex to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and NK cells ( Saccheri et al., 2010 ). Once activated, these cells can trigger the destruction of tumor cells ( Kim et al., 2015 ; Chen et al., 2019b ). The S. …

Потенциал транскраниального прямого течения (tDCS) в повышении качества жизни пациентов с множественным склерозом: обзор и обсуждение механизмов действий.

Фон/цели: Множественный склероз (MS) является наиболее распространенным неизлечимым нетравматическим расстройством у молодых людей. Она вызывает многочисленные симптомы, включая покалывание, усталость, мышечные спазмы, когнитивные расстройства и нервно - психические расстройства. Это заболевание значительно ухудшает качество жизни (QoL), и этот аспект общего функционирования обеспечивает ценную информацию об эффективности лечения и благосостояния. Существует психологическая помощь, которая может улучшить QoL, но ее количество ограничено. Поэтому поиск новых методов, которые были бы как можно б

Cardiotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Cardiac toxicity after conventional antineoplastic drugs (eg, anthracyclines) has historically been a relevant issue. In addition, targeted therapies and biological molecules can also induce cardiotoxicity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a novel class of anticancer drugs, distinct from targeted or tumour type-specific therapies. Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockers (ie, monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1)) has revolutionised the management of a wide variety of malignancies

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… Indeed, the activation of naïve T lymphocytes requires antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) to T cells through the interaction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and T cell receptor (TCR) (signal 1). …

Can type 1 diabetes be an unexpected complication of obesity?

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases, characterized by absolute insulin deficiency caused via inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic β-cell. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in the development of diseases. Almost ⅕ of cases involve people under the age of 20. In recent years, the incidence of both T1D and obesity has been increasing, especially among children, adolescents, and young people. In addition, according to the latest study, the prevalence of overweight or obesity in people with T1D has increased significantly. The r

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… Moreover, mutations of other loci from beyond the Major Histocompatibility Complex such as IFIH1, IL2RA, PTPN22, and CTLA4 are described. Subjects heterozygous for HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*03 types have the highest risk of developing T1D. …

Natural biomolecules and derivatives as anticancer immunomodulatory agents.

Despite advancements in chemotherapy, the issue of resistance and non-responsiveness to many chemotherapeutic drugs that are currently in clinical use still remains. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has gathered attention as a novel treatment against select cancers. Immunomodulation is also emerging as an effective strategy to improve efficacy. Natural phytochemicals, with known anticancer properties, been reported to mediate their effects by modulating both traditional cancer pathways and immunity. The mechanism of phytochemical mediated-immunomodulatory activity may be attributed to the remode

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… Dendritic cell maturation includes the increased cell-surface expression of antigen peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I components, and of co-stimulatory receptor ligands including CD80 and CD86. …

Osteoclast Activation and Inflammatory Bone Diseases: Focusing on Receptors in Osteoclasts.

Bone homeostasis depends on the balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. An increasing number of studies have revealed that under inflammatory conditions, osteoclast overactivation is responsible for bone loss in relevant bone diseases. Multiple signaling pathways such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) signaling are involved in osteoclast activation. These signaling pathways rely on various receptors expressed on the surface of osteoclast progenitor cells (OPCs) or osteoclasts, which are activated by their correspo

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… PIR-A and FcR Similar to OSCAR, PIR-A provides costimulatory signals by interacting with FcRγ. 20 , 65 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules may be ligands of PIR-A, and an in vivo study showed that administration of TNF-α increased the expression of PIR-A on bone marrow-derived monocytes …

Sp3 улучшила экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит, спровоцировав Socs3 в клетках Th17.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Хотя считается, что хронические подстрекательские и дегенеративные заболевания центральной нервной системы поддерживаются аутоиммунными клетками ТТ17, основополагающие механизмы остаются в основном неисследованными. Недавние исследования и наши исследования показали, что Sp3 был заблокирован в нескольких склерозах (MS) и экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите (EAE). Вместе с тем остается неясным, почему в нем ничего не говорится и как он регулирует дифференциацию клеток TH17 в MS. ЦЕЛИ: Данное исследование было направлено на изучение воздействия Сп3 на ТХ17 в клетках EAE и ле

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… Discussion MS has traditionally been understood as a condition primarily driven by CD4 T-cell activity, as evidenced by the strong genetic risk associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II [52] , [53] and myelin-specific T cells [54] , [55] . …