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Treatment persistence in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: A Swedish nationwide registry study.

BACKGROUND: Comparative studies in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (PoMS) that also include highly effective monoclonal antibody therapies are rare. OBJECTIVE: To compare treatment persistence, as a proxy of effectiveness and tolerability, across disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). METHODS: Nationwide cohort study using Swedish MS Registry data on individuals with MS onset before age 18 from 2000 to 2024. Treatment persistence was analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models, adjusted for demographics and treatment epoch. RESULTS: We included 383 individuals (69.2% female; median onset ag…

Distinct age-related pattern of mitochondrial somatic mutations across multiple sclerosis phenotypes.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a contributor to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). While the accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations with age is well documented in other neurodegenerative conditions, its role in MS progression remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between age and somatic mtDNA mutation burden in MS patients and evaluate whether any difference exists according to disease course. METHODS: A total of 404 MS patients were recruited. Whole mtDNA was sequenced from blood-derive…

Natural Killer Cells: Dual Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis Immunopathogenesis.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, axonal injury, and neurodegeneration. Natural killer cells participate in MS through context-dependent regulatory and cytotoxic functions, yet their precise contribution to disease remains incompletely defined. This review summarizes current knowledge on NK cell development, receptor-mediated activation and inhibition, and mechanisms shaping NK cell responses in the inflamed central nervous system. We examine evidence from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and clinical…

RETRACTION: Automatic Intelligent System Using Medical of Things for Multiple Sclerosis Detection.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/4776770.].

Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites in defining multiple sclerosis phenotypic continuum.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which environmental factors play an important role in shaping disease risk, activity, and progression. Over the past decade, human and experimental studies have consistently shown alterations in the gut microbiome across the phenotypic spectrum of MS and have linked these changes to immune dysregulation, barrier dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and demyelination. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that microbial function, particularly metabolite production plays a more direct role in shaping immune…

Manual federated simulation for multiple sclerosis integrating XGBoost algorithm with SHAP explanation.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, underscoring the importance of early and accurate diagnosis. In this study investigates the predictive modelling of MS progression in patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS), privacy-preserving for a federated and explainable Machine Learning (ML) framework. To address missing data while preserving inter-feature dependencies, Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) with iterative imputers was employed. Classification was performed using the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm.…

Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and emerging interventions.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease shaped by genetic and environmental factors, with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) emerging as the strongest environmental risk. Here, we review current evidence for the involvement of EBV in MS, its impact on existing therapeutics, and strategies for novel therapeutic directions. Compelling evidence indicates EBV infection precedes MS onset, likely contributing to disease initiation, relapses, and possibly progression through mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, B cell immortalization, and viral reactivation. Current MS therapies may indirectly …

Retinal layers prognosticate cognitive progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) quantifies retinal neuroaxonal loss related to neurodegeneration in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and is associated with physical and cognitive disability. However, no data exist on the relationship between OCT metrics and cognitive progression independent of relapse activity (cognitive PIRA). OBJECTIVE: To assess if OCT can prognosticate cognitive PIRA events in pwMS. METHODS: Prospective study with baseline OCT (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber- (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform- (mGCIPL) and inner nuclear layers (mINL)) …

Real-world siponimod use in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: the RESYZE study.

BACKGROUND: Siponimod is approved in Europe for active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), but real-world data on its treatment patterns and outcomes in people with SPMS (pwSPMS) is limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess the demographic and clinical characteristics, effectiveness, and safety of siponimod in pwSPMS in a real-world setting. DESIGN: Non-interventional/observational, retrospective, multicenter study (28 centers). METHODS: Patients (⩾18 years) with active SPMS treated with siponimod in routine care were included. Retrospective clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were…

Genetic subtypes of multiple sclerosis severity are uncoupled from inflammatory lesion burden.

Determinants of long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) remain incompletely understood, with clinical course varying greatly among individuals. Recent integrative genetic models have identified genomic clusters associated with divergent disability trajectories. Here, we integrated clinical, genetic, and postmortem neuropathological data from 291 MS brain donors from the UK MS Society Tissue Bank to test whether genomic severity clusters converge on distinct tissue phenotypes. Consistent with prior stratification, donors in genomic cluster 2 had lower age-adjusted disease duration score…

Lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection and emerging autoantibodies precede multiple sclerosis prodrome.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a critical risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), but the pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. To clarify its role in MS, we examined the sequence of EBV-related antibody responses over a broad period before the clinical onset of MS, from early childhood to middle age. A nested case-control study was performed by linking Swedish MS registries with biobanks to identify pre-symptomatic samples from individuals who later developed MS and matched controls. Leveraging these samples, we analysed the immune responses to EBV in and before the prodromal phase of MS. Antib…

Common Inflammatory Pathways Between Periodontal Disease and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Multiple sclerosis and periodontal disease are chronic inflammatory conditions that may share immune-mediated mechanisms, including cytokine activation, oral dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammatory burden. This systematic review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on common inflammatory pathways linking periodontal disease and multiple sclerosis. Methods: The review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for English-language studies published between June 2020 and June 2026. Eligible studies addre…

Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Insights into Virus-Driven Autoimmunity.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by immune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration. Although the exact cause of MS remains unclear, accumulating epidemiological and immunological evidence strongly implicates Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection as a major environmental factor associated with disease development. Nearly all individuals with MS are EBV seropositive, and longitudinal studies have demonstrated that EBV infection precedes MS onset, supporting a causal relationship. EBV establishes lifelong latency in B cells an…

Фармакокинетическое-фармакодинамическое моделирование повторяющегося оклелизумаба дозинга в релапсинге-излучающем многократном склерозе.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ И ЦЕЛЬ: anti-CD20 - моноклонные антитела, утвержденные для лечения релапсирующего многократного склероза (RRMS). Хотя стандартный режим состоит из фиксированных 6-monthly Продолжительность лечения может варьироваться в зависимости от пациента, что подчеркивает необходимость индивидуализированных дозирующих стратегий. Цель этого исследования заключалась в разработке модели фармакокинетики-фармакодинамики (PKPD), позволяющей прогнозировать реакцию конкретного пациента на лечение, в качестве шага на пути к клинически применимому инструменту для оптимизации дозируемой точност

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ocrelizumab (OCR) is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Although the standard regimen consists of fixed 6-monthly infusions, therapeutic duration may vary between patients, highlighting the need for individualized dosing strategies. The objective of this stud…

Multiple sclerosis in Colombia: nationwide surveillance-based estimates and trends, 2016-2024.

BACKGROUND: Updated national estimates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Colombia remain limited. We aimed to describe the surveillance-based notified burden of confirmed MS in Colombia using the national orphan-disease notification registry. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective nationwide observational study using de-identified individual-level Sivigila records of confirmed MS notifications from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2024. Cumulative notified prevalence and diagnosis-date-based notified incidence were estimated using official population denominators. Department-, age-, and sex-specif…

Cesarean sections prior to 39 weeks among pregnant patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women with multiple sclerosis have higher Cesarean section (C-section) rates than controls. Whether these are occurring prior to 39 weeks' gestation is unclear and important, as C-sections <39 weeks are associated with increased neonatal morbidity and are not recommended unless medically indicated. OBJECTIVES: Determine whether pregnant women with multiple sclerosis experience higher rates of non-medically indicated C-sections <39 weeks and whether these were attributed to multiple sclerosis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, population-based case-control study of p…

Оказание высококачественной комплексной помощи в области склероза в Германии: проблемы и региональные модели.

Множественная склерозовая (МС) помощь в Германии вступила в стадию, когда терапевтический прогресс все больше сдерживается возможностями родовспоможения. Более ранняя диагностика, более широкий доступ к высокоэффективным методам лечения заболеваний (ДМТ) и более совершенные стратегии мониторинга расширили возможности для достижения благоприятных долгосрочных результатов. В то же время эти достижения усилили потребность в специализированных экспертных знаниях, инфильтрации и инфраструктуре мониторинга, оперативном доступе к изображениям, структурированных процедурах обеспечения безопасности и м

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) care in Germany has entered a phase in which therapeutic progress is increasingly constrained by delivery capacity. Earlier diagnosis, broader access to high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), and more refined monitoring strategies have improved the potential for favourable long-term outcomes. At the same time, these advance…

Haematopoietic stem cell transplant versus immune-reconstitution therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis.

In the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) and immune-reconstitution therapies show several similarities. These treatment strategies have not yet been compared head-to-head. This study emulated pairwise trials of comparative effectiveness of stem cell transplant versus immune-reconstitution therapies cladribine and alemtuzumab. This cohort/registry study of comparative treatment effectiveness included data from seven specialist multiple sclerosis centres with AHSCT programmes (RESCUE-MS) and international MSBase registry d…