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Effects of Temephos, Permethrin, and Eucalyptus nitens Essential Oil on Survival and Swimming Behavior of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae.

An essential strategy to deal with mosquito-borne diseases is the control of larvae in their development sites. The mosquitoes Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), a malaria vector, and Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), vector of dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses, breed in very different habitats. Insecticide treatments of mosquito larvae focus mainly on their lethal effects. However, insecticide degradation or the poor dosage of larvicides will invariably lead to the sublethal exposure of a target (and nontarget) species, the nonlethal effects…

New Immuno-Epidemiological Biomarker of Human Exposure to Aedes Vector Bites: From Concept to Applications.

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) are the most important 'emerging pathogens' because of their geographic spread and their increasing impact on vulnerable human populations. To fight against these arboviruses, vector control strategies (VCS) remain one of the most valuable means. However, their implementation and monitoring are labour intensive and difficult to sustain on large scales, especially when transmission and Aedes mosquito densities are low. To increase the efficacy of VCS, cur…

Evidence of pre-existing active Zika virus circulation in Sudan prior to 2012.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to provide the first evidence of Zika virus circulation (ZIK) in Sudan. Zika virus was first isolated in the Zika forest of Uganda in 1947, and in 2016, the World Health Assembly declared it a public health emergency of international concern. The discovery of Zika virus circulation in Sudan came as a secondary finding in a 2012 country-wide yellow fever prevalence study, when laboratory tests were done to exclude cross-reactions between flaviviruses. The study was cross-sectional community-based, with randomly selected participants through multi-stage cl…

Zika virus: what we need to know?

Zika virus is one of the emerging viruses and is of significant threat to human health globally. It is a mosquito borne flavivirus similar to dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. It was reported about 5 decades ago and then it spreads to different parts of the world. Large outbreaks were reported on Yap Islands in 2007. Now it has gained wide attention globally by health communities. Major vector for virus transmission is Aedes aegypti mosquito. ZIKV infection is mostly asymptomatic but it is also responsible to cause mild influenza like illness to serious manifestations. There is no s…

The end of a dogma: the safety of doxycycline use in young children for malaria treatment.

Anti-malarial drug resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has spread from Southeast Asia to Africa. Furthermore, the recent emergence of resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in Southeast Asia highlights the need to identify new anti-malarial drugs. Doxycycline is recommended for malaria chemoprophylaxis for travel in endemic areas, or in combination with the use of quinine for malaria treatment when ACT is unavailable or when the treatment of severe malaria with artesunate fails. However, doxycycline is not used in young children under 8 years of age due t

Phylogenetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Based on Mitochondrial ND4 Gene Sequences in Almadinah, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is the main vector of the yellow fever and dengue virus. This mosquito has become the major indirect cause of morbidity and mortality of the human worldwide. Dengue virus activity has been reported recently in the western areas of Saudi Arabia. There is no vaccine for dengue virus until now, and the control of the disease depends on the control of the vector. OBJECTIVES: The present study has aimed to perform phylogenetic analysis of Aedes aegypti based on mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) gene at Almadinah, Saudi Arabia in order to get further insight…

Расследования генома векторной компетентности в Эдесе-эгипти для информирования о подходах к борьбе с заболеваниями новеля Арбовируса.

Денге (DENV), желтая лихорадка, цикунгуня и вирус Зика, передающийся человеку носителями комаров, озадачены как имманентными, так и экстриническими переменными. Помимо факторов вирулентности отдельных арбовирусов, вероятность передачи вируса зависит от изменчивости генома основного вектора комаров Aedes aegypti. "Векторная способность" A. aegypti варьируется в зависимости от плотности, скорости укуса и коэффициента выживаемости, а также от ее внутренней способности приобретать, принимать и передавать данный арбовирус. Эта неотъемлемая способность известна как "компетентность вектора". На основ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Dengue (DENV), yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus transmission to humans by a mosquito host is confounded by both intrinsic and extrinsic variables. Besides virulence factors of the individual arboviruses, likelihood of virus transmission is subject to variability in the genome of the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. The "vectorial capacity" of…

Assembly of the genome of the disease vector Aedes aegypti onto a genetic linkage map allows mapping of genes affecting disease transmission.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti transmits some of the most important human arboviruses, including dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. It has a large genome containing many repetitive sequences, which has resulted in the genome being poorly assembled - there are 4,758 scaffolds, few of which have been assigned to a chromosome. To allow the mapping of genes affecting disease transmission, we have improved the genome assembly by scoring a large number of SNPs in recombinant progeny from a cross between two strains of Ae. aegypti, and used these to generate a genetic map. This revealed a high…

Effects of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MACF) (Rutaceae) peel oil against developmental stages of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Laboratory bioassay of the essential oil extracted from the grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel by steam distillation was carried out against the developmental stages of the yellow fever vector Aedes aegypti to evaluate its toxicity, and ovicidal and larvicidal potency. Volatile oil components isolated and characterized by coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included varying levels of monoterpene aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. Test results of the essential oil showed that egg hatching was completely inhibited at 400 ppm, while further development of 1st to 2nd larval stage was inhibit…

[Possibility of exacerbation of allergy by lunar regolith].

Japan, U.S.A. and other foreign space agencies have plans for the construction of a lunar base and long-term stay of astronauts on the moon. The surface of the moon is covered by a thick layer of soil that includes fine particles called "lunar regolith", which is formed by meteorite impact and space weathering. Risk assessment of particulate matter on the moon is important for astronauts working in microgravity on the moon. However, there are few investigations about the biological influences of lunar regolith. Especially, there is no investigation about allergic activity to lunar regolith. Th

The role of IAP antagonist proteins in the core apoptosis pathway of the mosquito disease vector Aedes aegypti.

While apoptosis regulation has been studied extensively in Drosophila melanogaster, similar studies in other insects, including disease vectors, lag far behind. In D. melanogaster, the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein DIAP1 is the major negative regulator of caspases, while IAP antagonists induce apoptosis, in part, by binding to DIAP1 and inhibiting its ability to regulate caspases. In this study, we characterized the roles of two IAP antagonists, Michelob_x (Mx) and IMP, in apoptosis in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Overexpression of Mx or IMP caused apoptosis in A. aegypti Aa…

Binding of flavivirus nonstructural protein NS1 to C4b binding protein modulates complement activation.

The complement system plays a pivotal protective role in the innate immune response to many pathogens including flaviviruses. Flavivirus non … and its active fragment C4b, by which NS1 antagonizes complement activation. Dengue, West Nile, or yellow fever virus NS1 directly associated with C4b binding protein (C4BP), a complement regulatory plasma protein that attenuates the classical and lectin pathways. Soluble NS1 recruited C4BP to inactivate C4b in solution and on the plasma membrane. Mapping stu …

Vaccines and future global health needs.

Increased international support for both research into new vaccines and their deployment in developing countries has been evident over the past decade. In particular, the GAVI Alliance has had a major impact in increasing uptake of the six common infant vaccines as well as those against hepatitis B and yellow fever. It further aims to introduce pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines in the near future and several others, including those against human papillomavirus, meningococcal disease, rubella and typhoid not long after that. In addition, there is advanced research into vaccines against malari…

Stability, oviposition attraction, and larvicidal activity of binary toxin from Bacillus sphaericus expressed in Escherichia coli.

Bacillus sphaericus produces a two-chain binary toxin composed of BinA (42 kDa) and BinB (51 kDa), which are deposited as parasporal crystals during sporulation. The toxin is highly active against Culex larvae and Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, which are the principal vectors for the transmission of malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis, and dengue. The use of B. sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis in mosquito control programs is limited by their sedimentation in still water. In this study, the binA and binB genes were cloned and the recombinant BinAB protein was expressed in three strains of…

New Japanese encephalitis vaccines: alternatives to production in mouse brain.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a flavivirus maintained in a zoonotic cycle and transmitted by the mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus, caus … ine (IXIARO(®), referred to as IC51; Intercell AG, Vienna, Austria). In addition, a live-attenuated yellow fever-Japanese encephalitis chimeric vaccine (IMOJEV™, referred to as Japanese encephalitis-CV; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) was recently licensed in Australia and is under review in Thailand. A broad portfolio of safe and effective Japanese encephalitis …

aeGEPUCI: a database of gene expression in the dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses. The availability of the sequenced and annotated genome enables genome-wide analyses of gene expression in this mosquito. The large amount of data resulting from these analyses requires efficient cataloguing before it becomes useful as the basis for new insights into gene expression patterns and studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms for generating these patterns. FINDINGS: We provide a publicly-accessible database and data-mining tool, aeGEPUCI, that integrates 1) microarray analyses of sex- and stag…

[Current situation of the most frequent zoonosis in Mexico].

Control and eradication of zoonoses is a priority because there can only be human health if there is animal health, and both will not exist if the environment is not healthy. This concept is called "One Health" Mexico has demonstrated its capacity to eradicate various zoonoses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis, yellow fever cattle screwworm, and highly pathogenic avian influenza. Zoonoses and emerging and reemerging diseases and food-borne diseases are called neglected diseases. They provoke disease and diminish food security. Their presence is seen in marginalized populations with lags i…

[Genetic variability in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations using RAPD markers].

Aedes aegypti (L.) is an important vector of diseases such as the yellow fever and dengue, present in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of different A. aegypti populations using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers as a basic study to support the use of biocontrol strategies. DNA of ten collected larvae from three different populations were analyzed using ten RAPD primers. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability inter and intrapopulation. This was confirmed by a dendrogram that grouped the populati…

[Macular tuberculoma and optic neuritis: rare association with tuberculosis meningoencephalitis].

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is an endemic disease responsible for death and morbidity in developing countries. OBSERVATION: A 50-year-old man with no medical history was admitted to the emergency department for meningism associated with fever and confusion. The ophthalmic exam showed a decline in left visual acuity, reduced to light perception, VIth nerve left oculomotor paralysis, ocular fundus demonstrating a yellow tumor located on the posterior segment, measuring 1.5-2mm, papillomatous and prominent in the vitreous cavity. Fluorescein angiography showed a peritumoral choroiditis area, mili

The Yin and Yang of linkage disequilibrium: mapping of genes and nucleotides conferring insecticide resistance in insect disease vectors.

Genetic technologies developed in the last 20 years have lead to novel and exciting methods to identify genes and specific nucleotides withi … ppear to be largely in equilibrium throughout the genome of Aedes aegypti, the vector of Dengue and Yellow fever flaviviruses. We discuss additional approaches that will be needed to identify genes and nucleotides that control phenotypes in field collected organisms, focusing specifically on ongoing studies of genes conferring resistance to insecticides.