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Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Basic Biology and Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer. TNBC diagnoses account for approximately one-fifth of all breast cancer cases globally. The lack of receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2, CD340) results in a lack of available molecular-based therapeutics. This increases the difficulty of treatment and leaves more traditional as well as toxic therapies as the only available standards of care in many cases. Recurrence is an additional serious problem, contributing substantially to its higher mortality rate as compared to

Malignant mesothelioma tumours: molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapies accompanying clinical studies.

The pathetic malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a extremely uncommon and confrontational tumor that evolves in the mesothelium layer of the pleural cavities (inner lining- visceral pleura and outer lining- parietal pleura), peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis and is highly resistant to standard treatments. In mesothelioma, the predominant pattern of lesions is a loss of genes that limit tumour growth. Despite the worldwide ban on the manufacture and supply of asbestos, the prevalence of mesothelioma continues to increase. Mesothelioma presents and behaves in a variety of ways, making dia

Sex Differences in Cancer Immunotherapy-Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms With a Focus on NSCLC.

Accumulating evidence suggests that the immune system shows subtle but relevant differences between men and women. These differences may have an impact on cancer development and TME composition as well as responses to and adverse events elicited by immunotherapies. Several, albeit not all, clinical trials indicate a greater benefit from mono-immunotherapies over chemotherapies for male patients than for female patients, especially in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. Vice versa, female patients might benefit more from chemo-immunotherapies. In human as well as animal models, sex differe

Семейная история множественного склероза и долгосрочных результатов.

История семьи является прочно укоренившимся фактором риска для множественного склероза (МС), однако его влияние на развитие заболеваний остается неясным. Мы изучили вопрос о том, связан ли семейный MS, включая степень родственности, с базовыми характеристиками и результатами болезней. Мы включили лиц с несчастными случаями MS из шведского эпидемиологического исследования на базе населения, связанного с множественным склерозным исследованием с продольным отслеживанием через шведский регистр MS. Участники были отнесены к категории лиц, не имеющих семейной истории MS, MS первой степени или MS вто

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Platform therapy included interferon-beta, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, and dimethyl fumarate. High-efficacy DMTs included natalizumab, fingolimod, ocrelizumab, alemtuzumab, cladribine, mitoxantrone, and rituximab. …

Пациенты испытывают на себе воздействие множественных склерозов и корректирующих болезни терапии.

ЦЕЛЬ: Для регулирования множественных склерозов (MS) жизненно важное значение имеют методы лечения, корректирующие заболевания (DMT), однако исследования, проводимые с использованием административных данных, часто исключают предпочтения пациентов и факторы, которые врачи учитывают при принятии решений о лечении. Данные об опыте пациентов имеют важнейшее значение для понимания и улучшения инициирования, соблюдения и результатов лечения НР. МЕТОДЫ: С декабря в Интернете было проведено перекрестное обследование взрослых в США, имеющих MS или клинически изолированный синдром. 2022 по январь 2023 К

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… They are intended to reduce relapses and delay disease progression, although they do not directly alleviate symptoms, which are treated separately. 2 DMTs are classified as “moderate efficacy” (eg, interferon-beta [IFNβ], glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide) and “high efficacy” (eg, …

Обследование на предмет выявления рака груди у женщин с множественным склерозом: исследование смешанных методов.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Имеется мало информации о практике обследования на предмет выявления рака молочной железы у женщин с множественным склерозом. ЦЕЛЬ: Оценка и сопоставление показателей УХУ в УВМС и среди населения в целом и выявление барьеров и посредников. МЕТОДЫ: 2012-2020 Мы идентифицировали когортное исследование 47,166 WWMS без истории рака и совпадали с ними (до 1::4) к 184,124 контроль из французской национальной медико-административной базы данных. Показатели маммографии были сопоставлены в зависимости от возраста, социально-экономического положения на уровне городов, периода и ис

A Pathology Experience of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder From One Tertiary Hospital: Pathology Concepts and Diagnostic Approach.

BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplantation and bone marrow/hematologic stem cell transplantation recipients face a heightened risk of developing malignancies or cancer as a result of immunosuppression. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a range of disorders from benign lymphoid growth to lymphoma found post-transplant. Risk factors for PTLD include high immunosuppressive use and oncogenic effects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). There is a lack of comprehensive clinical and pathological documentation of PTLD cases among Saudi patients, and the available data are limited to a few

Immunotherapy for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results and Perspectives.

Although initial surgical excision cures 95% of patients, a minority of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) are judged to be unresectable, either locally advanced or with unresectable regional lymph nodes or distant metastases. These patients are offered systemic treatments. Response rate to chemotherapy is relatively low and not durable, as well as the results obtained with epidermal growth factor inhibitors (EGFRi). Like other cutaneous tumors, cSCCs have high immunogenicity, driven by the high mutational burden, the ultraviolet signature, and the overexpressed tumor antigens. Two che

Apigenin Inhibits IL-6 Transcription and Suppresses Esophageal Carcinogenesis.

Esophagus cancer is the seventh cause of cancer-related deaths globally. In this study, we analyzed interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression in human esophagus cancer patients and showed that IL-6 mRNA levels are significantly higher in tumor tissues and negatively correlated with overall survival, suggesting that IL-6 is a potential therapeutic target for esophagus cancer. We further demonstrated that apigenin, a nature flavone product of green plants, inhibited IL-6 transcription and gene expression in human esophagus cancer Eca-109 and Kyse-30 cells. Apigenin significantly and dose-dependently

A Comprehensive NGS Data Analysis of Differentially Regulated miRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs and sn/snoRNAs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and is a major public health concern worldwide. Basic, clinical and epidemiological research is leading to improved cancer detection, prevention, and outcomes. Recent technological advances have allowed unbiased and comprehensive screening of genome-wide gene expression. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in biological processes and could serve as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for specific diseases. Recent findings have begun to reveal and enhance our understanding of th

From the nephrologist's point of view: diversity of causes and clinical features of acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome with multiple entities. Although AKI implies renal damage, functional impairment or both, diagnosis is solely based on the functional parameters of serum creatinine and urine output. The latest definition was provided by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) working group in 2012. Independent of the underlying disease, and even in the case of full recovery, AKI is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Awareness of the patient's individual risk profile and the diversity of causes and clinical features of AKI is pivo

Molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy in leukemias.

The advent of next-generation high-throughput sequencing and precision medicine has allowed the identification of recurrent genetic events of vital interest for leukemic cells and for the management of patients with leukemia, since it has a direct impact on prognosis and therapeutic stratification. The precise cytogenetic characterization of these diseases has rapidly enabled the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes and limit toxicities. New targeted therapies, including small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, bispecific T cell engagers, antibody-drug

A Comprehensive Review of Modern Cancer Therapies Utilizing Oncolytic Viruses.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are gaining traction as advanced tools in cancer therapy. They are distinguished by their ability to destroy malignant cells while sparing normal tissue specifically. In addition to their direct tumor-lysing properties, an essential benefit of oncolytic virus therapy is its capacity to activate both the innate and adaptive immune systems. To enhance these therapeutic actions, many OVs have been genetically engineered to encode immune-modulating factors that reestablish or strengthen antitumor immune responses. Recent studies show that combining OVs with other forms of i

The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges.

Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in

Immunosenescence and the Geriatric Giants: Molecular Insights into Aging and Healthspan.

Aging is associated with complex immune dysfunction that contributes to the onset and progression of the "geriatric giants", including frailty, sarcopenia, cognitive decline, falls, and incontinence. Central to these conditions is immunosenescence, marked by thymic involution, the loss of naïve T cells, T-cell exhaustion, impaired B-cell class switch recombination, and increased autoreactivity. Concurrently, innate immunity deteriorates due to macrophage, neutrophil, and NK cell dysfunction, while chronic low-grade inflammation-or "inflammaging"-amplifies systemic decline. Key molecular pathwa

Автономная гематопоэтическая трансплантация уменьшает воспаление мозга и аксоглиальные повреждения биомаркеров при множественном склерозе.

Аутологическая трансплантация стволовых клеток (AHSCT) может вызвать долгосрочную иммунную терпимость и остроту болезней у пациентов с сильным множественным склерозом (MS), однако основные механизмы не вполне понятны. Мы гипотезуем, что AHSCT вызовет постоянное снижение в провокационных цитокинах, хемокинах и аксолиальных повреждениях биомаркеров в сыворотке и CSF.МЕТОДЫ: Продольная сыворотка и пробы CSF были получены из 24 :: участники процесса по делу HALT-MS с сильными MS, проходящими через AHSCT ( < < AHSCT > > )NCT00288626), с сывороткой, собираемой в 9 период времени с момент

TIGIT/PVR axis regulates anti-tumor immunity in hematologic malignancies.

Hematologic malignancy stands as a grave form of cancer characterized by its arduous treatment and heightened likelihood of recurrence. Over the recent years, immunotherapy has progressively evolved into a pivotal approach for addressing hematologic malignancies. As a novel inhibitory receptor of NK and T cells, TIGIT is similar to PD-1, and blocking TIGIT can play a huge anti-tumor effect. At present, target TIGIT is still in clinical trials. Within this context, the TIGIT/PVR axis, serving as a pivotal element within the immunomodulatory framework, assumes a critical role in tumor immunity o

Immune mechanisms and immunomodulatory therapies in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a complex and refractory kidney disease generally causing chronic kidney dysfunction, characterized by persistent proteinuria despite prolonged corticosteroid therapy. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms of immunity driving SRNS, mainly focusing on the complex function network within immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and podocyte injury. Current immunosuppressive therapies show limited efficacy, prompting exploration of precision immunomodulatory strategies. Emerging approaches include IL-17 or low-dose IL-12 modulation, pr

Несоответствие между готовностью к вакцинации и фактическим состоянием вакцинации SARS-COV-2 у людей с множественным склерозом: продольное исследование.

Фон/цели: Заражение острым острым респираторным синдромом коронавируса типа 2 (SARS-COV-2) создает значительный риск для здоровья, особенно для лиц с хроническими заболеваниями. Множественный склероз (MS) является наиболее распространенным хроническим неврологическим расстройством с иммунной помощью, и вакцинация имеет важное значение для его лечения. Цель этого исследования заключалась в сопоставлении заявленной готовности к вакцинации против SARS-COV-2 с фактическим состоянием вакцинации людей с MS (PwMS) и выявлении факторов, объясняющих это несоответствие. Методы: В продольном двухцентрово

Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Oral Microbiome: Clinical Risk Factors, Pathophysiology and Treatment Options.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) represents a serious health condition, impacting the lives of many patients worldwide. The condition challenges clinical care due to its complex etiology and limited therapeutic options. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiological and patient-related factors that promote disease development is essential. Recently, the oral microbiome has been implicated as a potential driver and modulating factor of BRONJ by several studies. Modern genomic sequencing methods have provided a wealth of data on the microbial composition of BRONJ lesio