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Analysis of Early Post-Radiation Surgical Management of Metastatic Spinal Tumors.

Background/Objectives: Radiotherapy is one of the various treatment options for patients with metastatic spinal tumors (MST). However, it is difficult to say that this is definitely an optimal treatment for MST, and there are several patients who need surgical treatment because pain or neurologic deficits occur even after radiotherapy. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze which patients received early operative treatment after radiotherapy. Methods: We included 81 patients who underwent decompression and fusion surgery after radiotherapy for MST. Patients who underwent surgery within 6 month

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… In general, when MST is diagnosed, a multidisciplinary approach of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery is performed, but recently, innovation in imaging and radiation strategies, including spatially fractionated radiation therapy and radiosurgery, high-performance particle therapy and the use of … Technology for Innovation in Radiation Oncology Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2015 93 485 492 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.007 26460989 PMC4610140 9. Ganau M. Foroni R.I. Gerosa M. Ricciardi G.K. Longhi M. Nicolato A. …

Monomer release from resin based dental restorative materials exposed to radiation.

BACKGROUND: In patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy, ensuring and maintaining oral hygiene is very important to minimize oral compl … ndomly divided into two equal groups: experimental and control groups (n = 10). A total of 60 Gy of radiation was applied to the experimental group. During the 6-week radiotherapy procedure, the samples were kept in 75% ethanol-water solution. The monomer analysis of the collected specimens was performed using the LC-MS/MS system. The analysis of the data o …

Impact of Clonal Hematopoiesis on Solid Tumor Progression Following Radiation Therapy.

PURPOSE: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has been shown to adversely affect outcomes in patients with nonhematologic cancers. However, the effects of CH on response to specific treatments, including radiation therapy (RT), are unknown. METHODS: We analyzed patients with solid tumors harboring nonpathogenic somatic or germline ATM mutations (n = 144) and FAT1 mutations (n = 270) who received RT and underwent prospective tumor and matched WBC sequencing using the Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets assay. CH variants were detected in blood samples using…

Carbon monoxide gas molecules: Therapeutic mechanisms in radiation-induced lung injury.

Radiation therapy (RT) remains an essential treatment modality for lung cancer, yet its effectiveness is frequently hindered by radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), a common outcome of modern therapeutic regimens. With the aim of addressing this challenge, a novel nanocomposite, Au@mSiO2@Mn(CO)5Br (ASMB), was synthesized with Au@mSiO2 as the carrier and Mn(CO)5Br as the functional component. The gold nanorods (Au rods) core generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under X-ray irradiation, which then activates Mn(CO)5Br to release carbon monoxide (CO) locally within the lung during radiotherapy…

Radiation-induced lung injury: from mechanism to prognosis and drug therapy.

Radiation induced lung injury, known as the main complication of thoracic radiation, remains to be a major resistance to tumor treatment. Based on the recent studies on radiation-induced lung injury, this review collated the possible mechanisms at the level of target cells and key pathways, corresponding prognostic models including predictors, patient size, number of centers, radiotherapy technology, construction methods and accuracy, and pharmacotherapy including drugs, targets, therapeutic effects, impact on anti-tumor treatment and research types. The research priorities and limitations are…

Astragaloside IV alleviates radiation-induced heart disease by regulating energy metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) has emerged as a critical complication compromising the long-term survival of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Although targeting myocardial energy metabolism is a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases, the molecular mechanisms underlying ionizing radiation-induced cardiomyocyte metabolic dysregulation and subsequent cardiac injury remain unclear. PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the mechanism by which Astragaloside IV (AS-Ⅳ) alleviates RIHD through the regulation of energy metabolism. METHODS: This study esta…

Contemporary management of radiation-associated posterior urethral stenosis: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Radiation-associated posterior urethral stenosis is a challenging entity to treat due to the complex anatomic location and post-radiation tissue compromise. This narrative review examines available data regarding treatment options for posterior urethral stenosis in the radiated patient population. We highlight recent advancements in surgical technique and offer the authors' opinion on an effective management approach. METHODS: We reviewed English language articles from 2000 to 2025 in the PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: It is …

MRI detects tubulointerstitial changes in mouse models of radiation-induced nephropathy.

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that radiation-induced tubulointerstitial changes in the kidney can be assessed using MRI-based T2 relaxation time measurements. METHODS: We performed MRI, histology, and serum biochemistry in two mouse models of radiation nephropathy: one involving external beam radiotherapy and the other using internal irradiation with an α-particle-emitting actinium-225 radiolabeled antibody. We compared the mean T2 values of different renal compartments between control and external beam radiotherapy or α-particle-emitting actinium-225 radiolabeled antibody-treated groups and betwe…

Radiation-Induced Subclavian Artery Stenosis With Varying Lesion Complexity Requiring Revascularization.

BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced atherosclerosis represents an underestimated clinical entity. CASE SUMMARY: We report on 2 cases of patients with upper-limb ischemia due to subclavian artery lesions. Both patients had radiation therapy due to cancer more than 15 years before symptom onset and no other signs of atherosclerosis. Angiography and intravascular ultrasound were performed in both cases, and lesions were treated with angioplasty and stent placement in the first patient, whereas intravascular lithotripsy was necessary in the second patient due to severe calcification and balloon underex…

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases from gastrointestinal primary cancers.

PURPOSE: Metastases from gastrointestinal (GI) primary cancers are considered relatively radioresistant. This study is one of the largest to evaluate outcomes following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for GI cancer spinal metastases and supplements its findings with a review of the literature. METHODS: A prospectively maintained single-institution database of spinal metastases treated with SBRT was analyzed. Seventy-five patients with 106 GI primary cancer spinal metastases were identified. The median single-fraction dose was 16 Gy (interquartile range (IQR): 14-16). Multi-fraction…

Hypoxia/HIF Signaling Negatively Regulates Bone Marrow Adiposity after Radiation Exposure.

UNLABELLED: Radiation therapy is an essential cancer treatment, yet collateral damage to normal tissues remains a major clinical challenge. In bone, radiation-induced toxicity is characterized by loss of hematopoietic function, reduced bone volume, and increased marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Importantly, cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy exhibit significantly higher fracture risk compared to those receiving similar treatments without radiation exposure, underscoring the clinical consequences of bone microenvironment (BME) injury. The BME is inherently hypoxic resulting in the activation …

Low-dose Radiation Therapy (LDRT) in Managing Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Review.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative arthropathy, impacting the quality of life for millions worldwide. It typically presents with chronic pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility in the affected joints. Nonsurgical treatments like physiotherapy or pharmacotherapy may provide limited relief and may have adverse effects and complications. Recently, low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) has emerged as a potential alternative for managing OA, utilizing its anti-inflammatory effects. LDRT's anti-inflammatory effects involve modulating immune responses, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, …

Radiation Therapy for Nonmalignant Diseases: An ASTRO-ESTRO-DEGRO-RANZCR Framework.

The field of radiation medicine has an opportunity to explore emerging indications, including nonmalignant disease, where radiation therapy may be beneficial. Because radiation therapy has anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects, there is rationale to deploy it in the management of a range of nonmalignant conditions including plantar fasciitis, Dupuytren disease, and osteoarthritis. Given the prevalence of many potentially relevant pathologies, a body of evidence (albeit commonly lower level), and an often absence of a widely accepted standard treatment for a particular patient cohort,…

Feasibility Study of Functional MRI-Based Biologically Guided Lattice Radiation Therapy.

PURPOSE: Lattice radiation therapy (LRT) is a promising approach for treating bulky tumors; however, current methods do not consider patient-specific tumor heterogeneity. Low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) regions, identified via diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, correspond to areas of high cellular density and radioresistance. Targeted dose escalation in these regions may enhance tumor control. Thus, we propose biologically guided lattice radiation therapy (BG-LRT), which optimizes lattice positioning based on the ADC map. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively analyzed…

Dosimetric Clues to Addressing Urinary Toxicity Following Stereotactic Prostate Radiation Therapy.

PURPOSE: Delayed genitourinary (GU) toxicity is reported following definitive stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer in 15% to 30% of patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between radiation dose to the bladder and urethra and GU toxicity grade ≥ 2 (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0) in patients treated with SBRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: PROstate Multicenter External beam radioTHErapy Using Stereotactic boost was a phase 2 multicenter trial exploring an SBRT boost of 19 to 20 Gy in…

Recurrent Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Successfully Treated With Radiation and Immunotherapy.

A 65-year-old patient presented with recurrent, locally advanced poorly differentiated thyroid cancer despite 2 neck surgeries, and with new … reviously been described in 2 cases of thyroid cancer. However, as he showed a positive response to radiation with pembrolizumab, he continued single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition and had a persistent marked response almost a year after completing radiation. The patient was then followed at an outside institution and was transitioned to hospice at time …

High-risk factors and predictive models for hemorrhagic chronic radiation proctitis.

INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhagic chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) is a common and challenging complication after pelvic radiation therapy. Identifying high-risk factors, predicting its occurrence, and optimizing radiotherapy plans are key to preventing hemorrhagic CRP. This study retrospectively examined potential risk factors and developed a nomogram to predict its onset. METHODS: This retrospective study included cervical carcinoma patients who received pelvic radiotherapy at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital from March 2014 to December 2021. Hemorrhagic CRP was diagnosed by colonoscopy. Logis…

Nanofat promotes wound healing in skin following exposure to ionizing radiation.

Radiotherapy, while effective in cancer treatment, can lead to side effects, such as radiodermatitis with potential long-term consequences i … fragments, extracellular matrix components and growth factors. Two months after localized ionizing radiation of the skin with a total dose of 20 Gy, full-thickness wounds were created in dorsal skinfold chambers of mice, which were filled with platelet-rich plasma (PRP; control, n = 8) or NF fixed in PRP (PRP + NF, n = 8). The healing process was assessed …

Macrophage derived VEGF regulates macrophage senescence to inhibit radiation-induced dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Macrophages are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and accelerating the repair processes; however, their functionality can be severely compromised in pathological conditions such as radiation-induced dermatitis. In this study we analyzed the role of macrophage derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) on regulation of macrophage senescence and its role on radiation-induced skin damage. METHODS: We used bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMɸ) isolated from Csf1r-iCre; VEGFfl/fl (VEGF-null) and wild-type (WT) mice. Macrophages were exposed to oxidative and genotoxic…

Cystoscopic application of RADA16 peptide for refractory haematuria from radiation cystitis.

OBJECTIVE: To present a novel technique for cystoscopic application of RADA16, a self-assembling peptide that promotes both haemostasis and healing within the irradiated bladder, and describe its efficacy for intractable haematuria from radiation cystitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 15 patients who had failed standard treatment for haematuria from radiation cystitis were offered this novel treatment at Guy's Hospital, London and Cleveland Clinic London, UK between February and October 2024. A standard saline cystoscopy was performed under general anaesthetic and the bladder emptied. CO2…