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Retinal adaptation to dim light vision in spectacled caimans (Caiman crocodilus fuscus): Analysis of retinal ultrastructure.

It has been shown that mammalian retinal glial (Müller) cells act as living optical fibers that guide the light through the retinal tissue to the photoreceptor cells (Agte et al., 2011; Franze et al., 2007). However, for nonmammalian species it is unclear whether Müller cells also improve the transretinal light transmission. Furthermore, for nonmammalian species there is a lack of ultrastructural data of the retinal cells, which, in general, delivers fundamental information of the retinal function, i.e. the vision of the species. A detailed study of the cellular ultrastructure provides a basic…

Genetic Counselor Integration Improves Genetic Eye Disease Diagnostics.

This study establishes a framework for genetic counselor integration into retina clinics without requiring ophthalmology-specific training, enabling more efficient and accurate diagnostics for inherited retinal disease patients.

[Berberine Alleviates Chronic Retinal Light Damage in Mice: A Study of the Role of P2X7R and the Mechanisms Involved].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the trend of dynamic changes and the mechanisms of P2X7R by which berberine (BBR) alleviates chronic retinal light injury in mice. METHODS: A total of 90 mice were randomly divided into three groups, a blank control group (n = 10), a group exposed to low-intensity blue light (500 lux) for 12 hours per day for a duration of 3 months, which was referred to as the LD group (n = 40), and another group given BBR at a dose of 200 mg/kg via gastric gavage on top of the blue light exposure for the LD group, which was referred to as the LD + BBR group (n = 40). After the ligh…

Ciliary sulcus fixation of a dislocated posterior chamber intraocular lens using liquid perfluorophenanthrene.

A posterior chamber intraocular lens was transsclerally sutured to the ciliary sulcus with the aid of liquid perfluorophenanthrene (Vitreon). This vitreous substitute facilitates the procedure and reduces the possibility of damage to the retina.

[Contribution to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (author's transl)].

A case of Ehler-Danlos syndrome with the rare complication of ablatio retinae without myopia is described. The alterations of the eye be Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, which are available in literature are demonstrated.

Viral necrotising retinitis with frosted branch angiitis: rapid progression into bilateral combined retinal detachment - a management challenge.

This case describes a mid-adolescent male with a history of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia (B-cell ALL) t(1;19) positive hyperdiploidy, a high-risk variant, who developed bilateral acute necrotising retinitis and frosted branch angiitis, presenting with bilateral severe vision loss. Despite prompt intravitreal and systemic antiviral therapy, his condition worsened, leading to subretinal exudation, retinal traction and combined mechanism retinal detachment in both eyes. Systemic workup, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis with no malignant cells and neuroimaging without central nervous s…

Машинное обучение неинвазивному диагностике нейродегенеративных заболеваний с использованием нервозных и оптических нервов: всеобъемлющий обзор.

Нейродегенеративные расстройства, включая болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона и множественный склероз, охватывают широкий круг хронических заболеваний с необратимым повреждением центральной нервной системы. Текущая диагностика этих заболеваний опирается на инвазивные, трудоемкие и дорогостоящие тесты, такие, как магнитно-резонансная съемка и анализ цереброспинной жидкости, предотвращение принятия точных решений и своевременное терапевтическое вмешательство. Сетчатка представляет собой расширение центральной нервной системы; таким образом, сетчатка, являющаяся неинвазивным и легкодоступным

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, encompass a wide range of chronic c … pinal fluid analysis, preventing accurate decision-making and timely therapeutic interventions. The retina is an extension of the central nervous system; thus, retinal imaging, which is a noninvasive and easily accessible tool, provides a unique window to study brain pathologies. There is a great body of evidence suggesting that neurodegenerative disorde …

Retinal detachment associated with the splice site mutation c.53-1G>A in the RS1 gene: A case report and review of the literature.

Retinoschisin protein is mainly produced in the retina, with minimal expression in other tissues. It is located on the surface of the photoreceptor inner segments and bipolar cells. X-linked retinoschisis, caused by mutations in the RS1 gene, primarily presents as cavities in the retina and separation of the layers. We report a case of a 2-year-old male patient with notable clinical differences in both eyes. During follow-up, genetic testing confirmed an RS1 gene mutation causing retinal detachment and X-linked retinoschisis, with no family history of the disease. The clinical diagnosis of ret…

Evaluation of the Long-Term Clinical Results of 3 Patients Implanted with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis.

This study presents the long-term clinical results of Argus II retinal prosthesis implantation in eyes with light perception and projection in 3 patients with end-stage retinitis pigmentosa. No conjunctival erosion, hypotony, or implant displacement was observed during postoperative follow-up. The electrical threshold values were lower in the macular region and higher close to the tack fixation region and peripherally. Optical coherence tomography scans showed fibrosis and retinoschisis formation at the retina-implant interface in two cases. This was attributed to mechanical and electrical eff…

Trends in Neonatal Ophthalmic Screening Methods.

Neonatal ophthalmic screening should lead to early diagnosis of ocular abnormalities to reduce long-term visual impairment in selected diseases. If a treatable pathology is diagnosed within a few days after the birth, adequate therapy may be indicated to facilitate the best possible conditions for further development of visual functions. Traditional neonatal ophthalmic screening uses the red reflex test (RRT). It tests the transmittance of the light through optical media towards the retina and the general disposition of the central part of the retina. However, RRT has weaknesses, especially in…

A Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy Mouse Model Shows Increased Sensitivity to Light-Induced Injury.

Bietti crystalline corneo-retinal dystrophy (BCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited retinal dystrophy characterized by multiple shimmering yellow-white deposits in the posterior pole of the retina in association with atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), pigment clumps, and choroidal atrophy and sclerosis. Blindness and severe visual damage are common in late-stage BCD patients. We generated a Cyp4v3 knockout mouse model to investigate the pathogenesis of BCD. This model exhibits decreased RPE numbers and signs of inflammation response in the retina. Rod photoreceptors were vulner…

Retinal and Brain Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and Neurodegeneration.

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including the retina. Similar to brain microglia, retinal microglia are responsible for retinal surveillance, rapidly responding to changes in the environment by altering morphotype and function. Microglia become activated in inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). When activated by stress stimuli, retinal microglia change their morphology and activity, with either beneficial or harmful consequences. In this review, we describe characteristics of CNS microglia, includin…

Update in the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an alteration in the development of the immature retina vascularization that frequently occurs in premature infants and is one of the leading causes of childhood blindness worldwide. In threshold stage retinopathy, laser photocoagulation is the standard treatment, particularly in those located in zone II. However, this therapy destroys parts of the retina and can lead to significant eye complications later in life. For this reason, in the last few years, antivascular endothelial growth factor agents are being used as monotherapy or as coadjuvant with laser, …

[OCT Angiography].

OCTA expands the spectrum of multimodal retinal imaging as a non-invasive procedure. Subtraction analysis of two temporally dense and identical B-scan images only show changes corresponding to the flow in the blood vessels. Freely selectable segmentation visualization of different layers of the retina, RPE, choriocapillars and choroid. By means of manufacturer-specific quantification options and 3-D representation changes in findings under a therapy can be well represented. At present, OCTA is still bound to a corresponding B-scan. The OCTA is currently not a substitute for the conventional FA…

Peripheral Vascular Abnormalities Seen by Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography in Adults With History of Prematurity: Report of Three Cases.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may lead to late-developing complications due to the abnormal vitreoretinal interface. In this case report, three adult patients (ages 39 years, 62 years, and 64 years) with a history of prematurity underwent imaging with ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFFA). The UWFFA demonstrated late peripheral vascular hyperfluorescence in all three patients, perivascular leakage in two of the patients, hyperfluorescent foveal avascular zone in two of the patients, peripheral avascular retina in two of the patients, vasoproliferative tumor in one of the patients,…

Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy and Glaucoma: Observations, Insights, and Management Strategies.

We report two cases of bilateral severe familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) presenting with bilateral angle closure glaucoma, with evidence of neovascularization in one eye of each case. Both cases displayed bilateral disc dragging with evidence of avascular retinae on fundus fluorescein angiography. Retinal laser photocoagulation and antivascular endothelial growth factor injections provided satisfactory regression of the neovascularization. Medical management of glaucoma was administered to both patients. Lens aspiration with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was perfor…

Peripheral Persistent Fetal Vasculature: A Report of Three Cases.

The authors report three cases of persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) presenting with an atypical peripheral fibrovascular stalk. A 5-month-old with congenital exotropia with a vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye underwent vitrectomy, and a mid-peripheral vitreal vascular stalk was visualized within the area of hemorrhage. The second case is of an 8-year-old with two fetal vascular remnants in the right eye: (1) a stalk superotemporally extending from the pars plana to the mid-peripheral retina that was associated with a retinal break and (2) a focal lens opacity. The third case is a 12-year-o…

[Optical coherence tomography in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders].

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are mostly relapsing inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). In 55% of the cases of NMOSD optic neuritis (ON) is the most frequent first manifestation and can cause severe damage to the afferent visual system and the retina with resultant severe visual impairment. In recent years, investigations of the retina as part of the CNS by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to be a valid and efficient method for diagnostics and evaluation of the disease course in NMOSD. In addition, OCT not only shows severe damage of t…

Levodopa and Other Pharmacologic Interventions in Ischemic and Traumatic Optic Neuropathies and Amblyopia.

The visual impairment in traumatic and ischemic optic neuropathy and amblyopia may be permanent. Hence, lots of efforts have been focused on neuroprotection. Dopamine is one of the suggested neuroprotective agents. Besides its important role in the brain, dopamine is found in various cell types of the retina, and is claimed to play a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter role there. The dopamine D1 receptor is the most highly expressed subtype of dopamine receptors, and its activation has been shown to be potentially neuroprotective against oxidative-stress damage in retinal neurons. Levodopa, a…

The retinal renin-angiotensin system: roles of angiotensin II and aldosterone.

In the present review we examine the experimental and clinical evidence for the presence of a local renin-angiotensin system within the retina. Interest in a pathogenic role for the renin-angiotensin system in retinal disease originally stemmed from observations that components of the pathway were elevated in retina during the development of certain retinal pathologies. Since then, our knowledge about the contribution of the RAS to retinal disease has greatly expanded. We discuss the known functions of the renin-angiotensin system in retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy. This in…