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Mary Grant Seacole: the first nurse practitioner.

Mary Grant Seacole was born in 1805, in Kingston, Jamaica, to a Jamaican doctress (medicine woman) and a Scottish naval officer. Later Seacole became a doctress, nursing British soldiers during epidemics of cholera, dysentery, and yellow fever in Jamaica, Cuba, and Panama. After refusals by both the British government and Florence Nightingale to be allowed to practice in Scutari, she financed her own way to the scene of the Crimean War and then established the British Hotel to serve both the comfort and medical needs of the wounded soldiers. At night, Seacole worked side by side with Nightinga…

Monoclonal antibodies directed against tick-borne encephalitis virus with neutralizing activity in vivo.

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were raised against the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, strain K23. The reactivities of 14 selected MoAbs … olates. Four MoAbs also showed a cross-reaction with other flaviviruses like West Nile virus and/or Yellow fever virus in immunoblot analysis. By competition ELISA the MoAbs could be divided into five different reaction patterns. Four MoAbs showed neutralizing activity with titers in the range 1:140 to 1:5,000 in an in vitro assay. These neutralizing activitie …

Detection of West Nile virus by the polymerase chain reaction and analysis of nucleotide sequence variation.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to rapidly detect and identify West Nile (WN) virus. The RNA from seven isolates of WN virus from six countries and four other flaviviruses (Kunjin, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses) was reverse-transcribed (RT) and amplified by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the amplified products were determined by a rapid, automated DNA sequencing method. The WN virus RT/PCR assay detected the target gene segment of sequencing method. The WN virus RT/PCR assay detected the target gene segment of isolates from both…

Tropical medicine or tropical health: the Heath Clark lectures, 1988.

Tropical medicine as a specialty began during colonialization of the tropics. From the outset, controversy focused on scientific research (t … colonial era. Later, a global eradication policy developed, first for hookworm infection, then for yellow fever and malaria, but failure led to disillusionment with technology and development of an undifferentiated approach to primary health care. In the last decade a selective approach has focused on diseases for which cost-effective control measures exist. …

Investigating the dose-dependency of the midgut escape barrier using a mechanistic model of within-mosquito dengue virus population dynamics.

UNLABELLED: Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses which can emerge rapidly and cause explosive epidemics of severe disease. Some of the most epidemiologically important flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, most notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. After a mosquito blood feeds on an infected host, virus enters the midgut and infects the midgut epithelium. The virus must then overcome a series of barriers before reaching the mosquito saliva and being transmitted to a new host. The virus m…

Типовая система для создания композиций оплодотворения вирусом тик-Борна Энцефалита без оплодотворения вирусом РНК.

Флавивирус — это позитивный, однострунный вирусный род РНК, при этом его члены вызывают серьезные заболевания у людей, такие, как энцефалит тика, желтая лихорадка и лихорадка денге. Известно, что флавивирусы вызывают реконструирование внутриклеточных мембран в небольшие канавы, где происходит воспроизведение вирусной РНК. Неструктурные (NS) белки не являются частью пальто вируса и, как предполагается, участвуют в формировании этих вирусных репликационных отсеков (RC). Здесь мы использовали вирус энцефалита (ТБЭВ) в качестве модели для флавивирусов и разработали стабильную линию человеческих кл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Flavivirus is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viral genus, with members causing severe diseases in humans such as tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, and dengue fever. Flaviviruses are known to cause remodeling of intracellular membranes into small cavities, where replication of the viral RNA takes place. Nonstructural (NS) proteins are not part of …

Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, West Nile virus and yellow fever. These diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. The present study explored the effects of orange peel ethanol extract of Citrus sinensis on larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The orange peel material was shade dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely. From orange peel, 300 …

Clinical Research Abstracts of the British Equine Veterinary Association Congress 2015.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING THE STUDY: Yellow fat disease or steatitis is characterised by a local or general inflammation of fat tissue and is occasionally found in horses. Diagnosis is challenging because of the wide range of nonspecific clinical signs. OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical signs, treatment, outcome and ultrasonographic findings in horses with steatitis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study (January 2008 to January 2015). METHODS: History, clinical signs, ultrasonographic findings, diagnosis, treatment and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty cases (18 horses, 2 donkeys; 9 mares, 9

Perceptions and home management practices of malaria in some rural communities in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

A survey was carried out in five rural communities that enjoy agricultural extension services from the University of Agriculture Abeokuta. Questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to assess perceptions and home management practices of malaria infection. The inhabitants considered malaria (which they refer to as "Iba Otutu") has the least dangerous of other types of common fever such as yellow fever and typhoid fever. A vast majority of the respondents (73%) attributed malaria infection to doing of strenuous jobs in the hot sun, while only 11.7% attributed it to mosquito bite…

Unexpected healers: Chinese medicine in the age of global migration (Lima and California, 1850-1930).

The massive waves of Chinese migrants arriving in California and Lima in the second half of the nineteenth century played a crucial role in expanding Chinese medicine in both settings. From the late 1860s on, herbalists expanded their healing system beyond their ethnic community, transforming Chinese medicine into one of the healing practices most widely adopted by the local population. This article uses a comparative approach to examine the diverging trajectories of Chinese healers in Peru and the USA, as well as the social and political factors that determined how this foreign medical knowle

[Epidemiology of imported infectious diseases in China, 2013-2016].

Objective: To describe the epidemic of imported infectious diseases in China between 2013 and 2016, including the kinds of infectious diseas … were males (14 522 cases, 89.61%). Most cases were aged 20-50 years. Except Zika virus disease and yellow fever, which were mainly reported before and after spring festival, other imported infectious diseases mainly occurred in summer and autumn. The epidemic in affected provinces varied with the types of infectious diseases, and Yunnan reported the largest c …

Antiviral activity of indole derivatives.

Unsymmetrical methylene derivatives 5 were prepared following a known method, by reaction of the Mannich bases of 2-naphthols 4 with indoles. All synthesized compounds were tested against a wide panel of viruses, since previous work showed that Mannich bases on 7-hydroxycoumarin 1 and unsymmetrical methylene derivatives 2 were endowed with some antiviral activities. The symmetrical Mannich bases 4 were completely inactive, whereas the unsymmetrical methylene derivatives 5, although possessing a certain degree of toxicity, showed a significant activity against RSV. Some of compounds 5 showed a

A chimeric live attenuated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis.

Japanese encephalitis is a disease of the CNS, endemic in Asia and Oceania. The disease is refractory to drug treatments and whilst the rural economies remain heavily dependent on agriculture, conditions for propagation of the disease will persist. Thus, there is a need for effective vaccines. Although some currently exist, they have their shortcomings. ChimeriVax-JE (Acambis Inc.) is a chimeric, live attenuated vaccine which expresses protective Japanese encephalitis antigens and to date has proven to be safe, effective and well-tolerated in clinical trials. It therefore appears to be a cost-

Scientific evaluation of clinical interventions in resuscitation medicine.

The image of the physician as a therapist, as well as the general perception of the physician's role in society and in the life of patients and their families, has changed dramatically in past decades. In response, many conferences, editorials, and planning activities for medical and premedical curricula have been devoted to the subject of restoring the elements of compassion and personal involvement to the relationship between physician and patient. Nonetheless, the change in the doctor-patient relationship might merely reflect the growing indifference to people as individuals that seems to p