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Clade Ib Mpox Virus: How Can We Respond?

In recent years, mpox virus Clade Ib has emerged as a significant global public health threat due to its rapid transmission and potential for severe disease outcomes. This strain was first identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in September 2023 and began spreading to neighboring African countries by July 2024. It was subsequently imported through international travel to 12 non-African countries across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Clade Ib exhibits increased transmissibility, and current data suggest that infections may lead to more severe symptoms, with higher risks of se…

Chikungunya and other viral arthritis.

Several viruses cause acute and chronic arthritis. Millions of people suffered from Chikungunya(CHIK) during the recent epidemics/outbreaks in Asia, Africa and the Americas. Almost 20-40 % failed to recover completely and suffered from chronic pain and arthritis sequel. A wide spectrum of clinical phenotypic arthritis was described. Non-specific arthralgias(NSA) and soft tissue pains were predominant although inflammatory arthritis (mostly undifferentiated)(IA-U) was substantial. Specifically, rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and spondyloarthritis(SpA) like disorders were described. The frequency of b…

Public health implications of the deregulation and privatization of online and sports gambling in Canada.

Recent legislative changes have allowed the rapid expansion of online and sports gambling in Ontario. These changes include the privatizatio … ith Ontario's gambling policy changes, particularly as other jurisdictions in Canada and across the Americas consider adopting similar approaches. It advocates for targeted research that reframes policy debates around gambling, moving away from a narrow focus on individual responsibility and towards a broader understanding informed by environmental, social …

The use of smallpox as a bioweapon against native Americans.

This study examines the use of smallpox as a biological weapon during the European colonization of the Americas, focusing on its deployment against indigenous populations as an early example of unethical human experimentation and biowarfare. Primary and secondary historical sources were reviewed, including correspondence from British military officers and documented accounts of smallpox-infected materials being deliberately distributed to Native American populations. Evidence from historical accounts, particularly exchanges between General Jeffrey Amherst and Colonel Henry Bouquet, indicates i…

The first mitochondrial genome of Haemagogus equinus from Jamaica.

In the Americas, the expansion in incidence of arboviral infections including Mayaro virus (MAYV) has drawn attention to the resurgence of viruses associated with understudied arthropods. Mosquitoes belonging to the genus Haemagogus are generally geographically restricted to the forests of Central and South America and the Caribbean and are the known sylvan vectors for yellow fever virus and emerging MAYV. With an established population in Jamaica, Haemagogus equinus has been reported to be well-adapted to oviposition in artificial containers close to human populations. Its role in arboviral t…

Hantavirus Expansion Trends in Natural Host Populations in Brazil.

Hantaviruses are zoonotic agents responsible for causing Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas, with Brazil ranking first in number of confirmed HCPS cases in South America. In this study, we simulate the monthly spread of highly lethal hantavirus in natural hosts by conjugating a Kermack-McCormick SIR model with a cellular automata model (CA), therefore simultaneously evaluating both in-cell and between-cell infection dynamics in host populations, using recently compiled data on main host species abundances and confirmed deaths by hantavirus infection. For both host speci…

Regional and Country Prevalence Estimates of Unsafe Sex Among Adolescents in 68 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.

Prioritizing adolescent health is a public health priority to achieve the sustainable development goals, including reducing the risk of unsa … . The highest to lowest regional prevalence estimation of ever had sex was 30.5% (28.9-32.1) in the Americas, 28.6% (26.8-30.4) in Africa, 10.9% (9.2-12.6) in the Eastern Mediterranean, 9.6% (8.8-10.5) in South-East Asia, and 8.0% (6.8-9.1) in the Western Pacific. The highest prevalence of sexual intercourse before age 14 and practicing sexual intercourse …

A Zika virus protein expression screen in Drosophila to investigate targeted host pathways during development.

In the past decade, Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global public health concern. Although adult infections are typically mild, maternal infe … that may have contributed to the increased pathogenesis associated with the outbreak of ZIKV in the Americas in 2015. Our work demonstrates the use of Drosophila as an efficient in vivo model to rapidly decipher how pathogens cause disease and lays the groundwork for further molecular study of ZIKV pathogenesis in flies.

Use of Guideline-Recommended Heart Failure Drugs in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Optimal use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) can prevent hospitalization and mortality among patients with heart failure (HF). W … % female). The majority (82%) of studies were from high-income countries, with Europe (45%) and the Americas (33%) being the most represented regions, and Africa (1%) being the least. Overall prevalence of GDMT use was 80% (95% CI 78%-81%) for β-blockers, 82% (80%-83%) for renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors, and 41% (39%-43%) for mineralocorticoid recepto …

Influence of host genetic polymorphisms involved in immune response and their role in the development of Chikungunya disease: a review.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes and can cause significant pathogenicity in humans. Moreover, its importance has increased in the Americas since 2013. The primary vectors for viral delivery are the mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Several factors, including host genetic variations and immune response against CHIKV, influence the outcomes of Chikungunya disease. This work aimed to gather information about different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that influence the host immune response during an infection by CHIKV. T…

A Zika virus protein expression screen in Drosophila to investigate targeted host pathways during development.

In the past decade, Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global public health concern. While adult infections are typically mild, maternal infecti … ay contribute to the increased pathogenesis associated with the more recent outbreak of ZIKV in the Americas. Our work demonstrates Drosophila's use as an efficient in vivo model to rapidly decipher how pathogens cause disease and lays the groundwork for further molecular study of ZIKV pathogenesis in flies.

Topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions using quercetin/ Artemisia-capped silver nanoparticles ointment: Modulation of inflammatory response.

Leishmaniasis is a major health issue that affects people all over the world, producing considerable morbidity and mortality in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and existing treatments have significant side effects. Nowadays, the development of nanoscale materials such as biogenic silver nanoparticles has attracted much medical attraction. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized from leaf extract of Artemisia aucheri. Biosynthesized AgNPs were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning elect…

Challenges and lessons learned from the rapid operationalization of a prospective cohort to study the natural history and neurodevelopmental outcomes of postnatal Zika virus infection among infants and children in rural Guatemala.

During the course of the 2015-2017 outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas, the emerging virus was recognized as a congenital infection that could damage the developing brain. As the Latin American ZIKV outbreak advanced, the scientific and public health community questioned if this newly recognized neurotropic flavivirus could affect the developing brain of infants and young children infected after birth. We report here the study design, methods and the challenges and lessons learned from the rapid operationalization of a prospective natural history cohort study aimed at evaluating the …

Zika virus as an emerging arbovirus of international public health concern.

Zika virus (ZIKV) was identified in 1947 in a rhesus monkey during an investigation of the yellow fever virus in the Zika Forest of Uganda; it was also isolated later from humans in Nigeria. The main distribution areas of ZIKV were the African mainland and South-East Asia in the 1980s, Micronesia in 2007, and more recently the Americas in 2014. ZIKV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and Flavivirus genus. ZIKV infection, which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is an emerging arbovirus disease. The clinical symptoms of ZIKV infection are fever, headache, rashes, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis…

Амфибийный пептид Йодха вируциден для вирусов Зика и денге.

Вирус Зика (ZIKV) стал серьезной угрозой для здоровья людей в Америке и Карибском бассейне. ZIKV передается от укуса зараженного комара, сексуального контакта и переливания крови. Кроме того, ZIKV может передаваться развивающемуся плоду в утробе, что в некоторых случаях приводит к самопроизвольному аборту, аномалиям мозга плода и микроцефалию. У взрослых инфекция ZIKV коррелируется с синдромом Гильен-Барре. Несмотря на угрозу для здоровья населения, которую представляет ЗИКВ, в настоящее время не имеется ни вакцины, ни противовирусных препаратов для употребления в организме людей. Мы выявили а

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a serious health threat in the Americas and the Caribbean. ZIKV is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito, sexual contact, and blood transfusion. ZIKV can also be transmitted to the developing fetus in utero, in some cases resulting in spontaneous abortion, fetal brain abnormalities, and microcephaly. In adults, ZIKV…

Glutamine Analogues Impair Cell Proliferation, the Intracellular Cycle and Metacyclogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Trypanosoma cruzi is the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease, which affects people in the Americas and worldwide. The parasite has a complex life cycle that alternates among mammalian hosts and insect vectors. During its life cycle, T. cruzi passes through different environments and faces nutrient shortages. It has been established that amino acids, such as proline, histidine, alanine, and glutamate, are crucial to T. cruzi survival. Recently, we described that T. cruzi can biosynthesize glutamine from glutamate and/or obtain it from the extracellular environment, and the role of glutamine in e…

A Glimmer of Hope: Recent Updates and Future Challenges in Zika Vaccine Development.

The emergence and rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) on a global scale as well as the establishment of a causal link between Zika infection a … se I trials. Despite low levels of transmission during recent years, ZIKV has become endemic in the Americas and the potential of large Zika outbreaks remains real. It is important for vaccine developers to continue developing their Zika vaccines, so that a potential vaccine is ready for deployment and clinical efficacy trials when the next ZIKV outbreak o …

Hantavirus Infection Is Inhibited by Griffithsin in Cell Culture.

Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV), highly pathogenic hantaviruses, cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas. Currently no therapeutics are approved for use against these infections. Griffithsin (GRFT) is a high-mannose oligosaccharide-binding lectin currently being evaluated in phase I clinical trials as a topical microbicide for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04032717, NCT02875119) and has shown broad-spectrum in vivo activity against other viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavi…

SEROLOGIC SURVEY OF LEPTOSPIRA SPP. IN CAPTIVE ANIMALS FROM VERACRUZ, MEXICO.

Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide and is considered endemic in countries with tropical climates. It is caused by 10 species of the Leptospira genus and by more than 275 serovars which can affect a wide range of vertebrates. In the Americas, 122 species of four classes of vertebrates have been reported to be infected or exposed to many Leptospira species. Many of these reports are from zoos and rehabilitation centers. Mexico has one single study that reported antibody titers against Leptospira in zoo animals. The purpose of this research was to identify the degree of e…

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Vaccines Provide Cross-Protection against Andes and Sin Nombre Viruses.

Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV) are the main causative agents responsible for hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. HCPS is a severe respiratory disease with a high fatality rate for which there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines available. Some vaccine approaches for HCPS have been tested in preclinical models, but none have been tested in infectious models in regard to their ability to protect against multiple species of HCPS-causing viruses. Here, we utilize recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based (VSV) vaccines for Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin N…