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Morphometric features and performances of Black Bengal goat in Bangladesh.

Black Bengal goat (BBG) is the most adaptable, widely distributed, and prominent goat breed in Bangladesh, well known in the world for its h … ns. Due to the contemporary increased demand for animal protein (meat and milk), the scope of small ruminants, especially goat farming, increases with other large ruminants farming. The key constraints of BBG production in Bangladesh include higher disease prevalence with low or no management practices, kid mortality, inadequate feeds and fodder supply, and …

Influence of Natural and Climatic Conditions on the Distribution and Forms of Contagious Agalactia in Sheep in Bessarabia, Ukraine.

INTRODUCTION: Contagious agalactia of ruminants is an endemic disease caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae in flicting significant losses on farms in deaths and forced slaughter of sick animals, abortions, births of sick young animals, and reduced milk and wool production. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of hydrometeorological conditions on the distribution and forms of contagious agalactia in sheep in Bessarabia, Ukraine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The epizootic situation regarding contagious agalactia was studied during 2011-2021 on sheep farms in the south of the Odesa region in …

Molecular phylogeny and genetic diversity based on msp1a, groEL and gltA genes of Anaplasma ovis Tunisian isolates compared to available worldwide isolates and strains.

Anaplasma ovis, the causative agent of ovine anaplasmosis in tropical and subtropical countries, is a tick-borne obligatory intraerythrocytic bacterium of sheep, goats and wild ruminants. In Tunisia, data about the molecular phylogeny and the genetic diversity of A. ovis isolates are limited to the analysis of msp4 and groEL genes. The aim of this study was to genetic characterize 40 A. ovis isolates infecting 28 goats, 10 sheep, one camel and one Rhipicephalus turanicus tick located in different geographic regions of Tunisia on the basis of 3 partial genes (gltA, groEL and msp1a). Sequence an…

Relationship between the excretion of eggs of parasitic helminths in roe deer and local livestock density.

Because of their continuing expansion, wildlife ruminant species that prosper in rural landscapes may be increasingly affected by and/or contribute to the circulation of certain generalist pathogens also infecting domestic ruminants, when they share common spaces or resources. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that parasitism with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of wild roe deer inhabiting different rural landscapes is correlated with livestock density. We used faecal egg counts of GINs and spatial data of 74 GPS-collared roe deer, inhabiting various landscapes from closed fores…

Animal prion diseases: the risks to human health.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases of animals notably include scrapie in small ruminants, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids and classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE). As the transmission barrier phenomenon naturally limits the propagation of prions from one species to another, and the lack of epidemiological evidence for an association with human prion diseases, the zoonotic potential of these diseases was for a long time considered negligible. However, in 1996, C-BSE was recognized as the cause of a new human prion disease, variant Creutzfel…

Clinical, pathological, and molecular features of classical and L-type atypical-BSE in goats.

Monitoring of small ruminants for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) has recently become more relevant after two natural scrapie suspected cases of goats were found to be positive for classical BSE (C-BSE). C-BSE probably established itself in this species unrecognized, undermining disease control measures. This opens the possibility that TSEs in goats may remain an animal source for human prion diseases. Currently, there are no data regarding the natural presence of the atypical BSE in caprines. Here we report that C-BSE and L-type atypical BSE (L-BSE) isolates from bovine speci…

Intramammary infusion of a live culture of Lactococcus lactis in ewes to treat staphylococcal mastitis.

PURPOSE: Alternatives to antibiotic therapy for mastitis in ruminants are needed. We present an evaluation, in two trials, of the efficacy of an intramammary infusion of a live culture of Lactococcus lactis for the treatment of subclinical and clinical mastitis in ewes. METHODOLOGY: In total, 67 animals were enrolled: 19 lactating ewes (study 1), including healthy (N=6) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS)-infected ewes (N=13); and 48 lactating ewes (study 2) with either CNS mastitis (N=32), or Staphylococcus aureus mastitis (N=16), for a total of 123 mammary glands. Intramammary infusi…

Experimental infection of sheep, goats and cattle with a bluetongue virus serotype 4 field strain from Bulgaria, 2014.

In 2014, a new bluetongue virus serotype 4 (BTV-4) strain was detected in southern Greece and spread rapidly throughout the Balkan Peninsula and adjacent countries. Within half a year, more than 7,068 outbreaks were reported in ruminants, particularly in sheep. However, the reported morbidity and case fatality rates in ruminants varied. The pathogenesis of a Bulgarian BTV-4 strain isolated from sheep during the BTV-4 epizootic was studied in different species. Therefore, four sheep, three goats and three cattle were experimentally infected with the isolate BTV-4/BUL2014/15 and monitored for cl…

Coxiella burnetii Infects Primary Bovine Macrophages and Limits Their Host Cell Response.

Although domestic ruminants have long been recognized as the main source of human Q fever, little is known about the lifestyle that the obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii adopts in its animal host. Because macrophages are considered natural target cells of the pathogen, we established primary bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) as an in vitro infection model to study reservoir host-pathogen interactions at the cellular level. In addition, bovine alveolar macrophages were included to take cell type peculiarities at a host entry site into account. Cell culture…

Bayesian Validation of the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay and Its Superiority to the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and the Complement Fixation Test for Detecting Antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in Goat Serum.

Although many studies have reported the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to be more sensitive in detection of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii than the complement fixation test (CFT), the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) of the assay have not been previously established for use in ruminants. This study aimed to validate the IFA by describing the optimization, selection of cutoff titers, repeatability, and reliability as well as the DSe and DSp of the assay. Bayesian latent class analysis was used to estimate diagnostic specifications in comparison with the CF…

The digestive morphophysiology of wild, free-living, giraffes.

We have measured rumen-complex (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum) and intestine (small and large combined) mass in 32 wild giraffes of both sexes with body masses ranging from 289 to 1441 kg, and parotid gland mass, tongue length and mass, masseter and mandible mass in 9 other giraffes ranging in body mass from 181 to 1396 kg. We have estimated metabolic and energy production rates, feed intake and home range size. Interspecific analysis of mature ruminants show that components of the digestive system increase linearly (Mb(1)) or positively allometric (Mb(>1)) with body mass while variables …

Сопоставление репликации вируса лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли на североамериканском скотоводстве и линиях клеток дикой природы.

Вирус лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли (RVFV) вызывает вспышки заболеваний по всей Африке и Аравийскому полуострову, что приводит к высокой заболеваемости и смертности среди молодого домашнего скота, частым абортам у беременных животных и потенциально тяжелым или смертельным заболеваниям у людей. Возможность распространения ОВТС на Соединенные Штаты или другие страны во всем мире вызывает серьезную озабоченность в отношении животных и здоровья населения, животноводства и торговли. Механизм стойкости ОВТС в межэпидемические периоды может осуществляться путем трансовариальной передачи комаров и/или с помощь

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes disease outbreaks across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, resulting in high morbidity and mortality a … o studies have demonstrated that RVFV can infect a wide range of animals, including indigenous wild ruminants of Africa. Yet no predominant wildlife reservoir has been identified, and gaps in our knowledge of RVFV permissive hosts still remain. In North America, domestic goats, sheep, and cattle are susceptible hosts for RVFV and several competent vectors e …

Current status of in vitro embryo production in sheep and goats.

Sheep and goat production is an important economic activity in Spain with an increasing interest in milk production. Multiovulation and Embr … ement and easier and cheaper germplasm commercial transactions. Commercial Embryo activity in small ruminants is low compared to cows in the European Union (data from the European Embryo Transfer Association) and in the world (data from the International Embryo Transfer Association). There is less IVEP research in small ruminants compared to other livestock …

Hyperplastic goiter in two adult dairy cows.

Iodine excess and resultant hyperplastic goiter are well documented in neonatal ruminants, but little is reported on iodine excess in adult ruminants and associated histological changes of the thyroid gland. Two adult Holstein cows from a Michigan dairy herd that had lost several other animals had nonspecific clinical signs of illness and were submitted for necropsy. Thyroid glands of one of these 2 animals were grossly and markedly enlarged, and histologically, thyroid glands from both animals had regions of cystic nodular hyperplasia and follicular atrophy. Thyroid glands from both animals h…

Hard Tick Species of Livestock and their Bioecology in Golestan Province, North of Iran.

BACKGROUND: A survey on tick species composition was carried out in Golestan Province Iran during year 2010-2011.The aim was to determine tick species parasitizing domestic ruminants and their seasonal population dynamics. METHODS: A total of 124 sheep, 92 goats, 84 cattle, 74 camels and 12 horses in several villages were inspected for tick infestation. The collected ticks preserved in 70% alcohol and then were identified. RESULTS: The overall 1059 ticks (453 female, 606 male) were collected. The ticks occur on sheep, goats, cattle, camels and horses as 72.1%, 77.3%, 75.8%, 69.3%, and 50% re…

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever virus circulation in sheep and goats in Zambézia Province, Mozambique.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is endemic in most parts of Africa and has also been reported to occur in the Arabian Peninsula. It is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in livestock, but also in humans. During the last two decades several outbreaks of RVF have been reported in countries in Southern Africa. In contrast to other countries, no clinical disease has been reported in Mozambique during this period. In a serological study conducted in 2007 in five districts of Zambézia Province, Mozambique, of a total of 654 small ruminants sampled (277 sheep and 377 goats), 35…

Insights into the problem of B. Melitensis and rationalizing a vaccination programme in Israel.

AIM: To present the problem of brucellosis caused by B. melitensis in Israel and to develop a rationalized control programme and eradication campaign in small ruminants. METHODS: CFT, an OIE prescribed test and a confirmatory method, was used as a confirmatory test in support of legislation to compensate the farmers following a stamping-out policy. Positive reactors were cultured for Brucella spp. in order to establish epidemiological data. Vaccination using Rev. 1 Elberg vaccine strain, passage 101, 1970, has been implemented as an ocular method since November 1997. RESULTS: Brucellosis due…

Competitive electrochemiluminescence wash and no-wash immunoassays for detection of serum antibodies to smooth Brucella strains.

Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of major global importance. Natural hosts for Brucella species include animals of economic significance, such as cattle and small ruminants. Controlling brucellosis in natural hosts by high-throughput serological testing followed by the slaughter of seropositive animals helps to prevent disease transmission. This study aimed to convert an existing competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), used for the serodiagnosis of brucellosis in ruminants, to two electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform.…

Rethinking the link between cognitive control and emotion regulation: A meta-analytic review.

Emotion regulation is essential for adaptive behavior and mental health. Dominant theoretical frameworks, together with influential neuroscientific accounts, suggest that emotion regulation is closely linked to cognitive control processes; however, behavioral evidence supporting this link remains inconsistent. To quantify these associations, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between individual differences in cognitive control (updating, inhibition, shifting) and four emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal (k = 70 studies, N = 10,524), suppression (k = 

Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) as disease reservoirs for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): experimental and epidemiological evidence.

This study evaluates the role of aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) as a maintenance host and reservoir for significant respiratory pathogens hindering bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) conservation; Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and leukotoxigenic Pasteurellaceae. An experimental commingling trial and regional disease surveillance revealed significant interspecies transmission risks and epidemiological patterns. Experimentally, 80% of bighorn sheep exposed to aoudad inoculated with M. ovipneumoniae and leukotoxigenic Pasteurellaceae died of pneumonia under both indirect and direct contact conditions. Conver