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Abstracts - IANCON 2024

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Identification and prognostic assessment of clonal and functional heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks sixth in incidence and seventh in mortality among cancers in China, affecting 750,000 individuals worldwide and resulting in over 300,000 deaths each year. The intratumoral heterogeneity of HNSCC poses significant challenges for prognosis and therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to investigate clonal heterogeneity and functional regulatory factors in HNSCC and establish a robust prognostic signature.MethodsSingle-cell and bulk RNA sequencing datasets were integrated to identify clonal subpopulations and functional states in H

Epidemiology of Non-Emergent Cancer-Related Emergency Department Visits in Korea between 2016 and 2020.

PurposeAs people living with cancer increase in the aging society, cancer-related emergency department (ED) visits are also increasing. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of non-emergent cancer-related ED visits using a nationwide ED database.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) database. All cancer-related ED visits between 2016 and 2020 were included. The study outcome was non-emergent ED visits, defined as patients triaged into non-emergent condition at both the time of ar

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… A level 2 ED is designated by the local government where the institution is located, and is in charge of treating critically ill patients in the area. …

Disparities in the enrollment to systemic therapy and survival for patients with multiple myeloma.

BackgroundDisparities driven by socioeconomic factors have been shown to impact outcomes for cancer patients. We sought to explore this relationship among patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who were not considered for hematopoietic stem cell transplant in the first-line setting and how it varied over time.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database for patients diagnosed with MM between 2004 and 2016 and included only those who received systemic therapy as the first-line treatment. Enrollment rates for therapy were calculated as receipt of systemic therapy as the incident event of interest

Effect of the national reimbursement drug list negotiation policy on utilization of negotiated anticancer drugs in Chinese public hospital: a quasi-natural experiment.

BackgroundHigh prices have limited access to targeted anticancer drugs in China. In 2017, 18 such drugs were added to the National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) through national price negotiation.MethodMonthly hospital procurement data (2015-2019) from 887 public hospitals across 30 provinces were analyzed. Drug utilization was measured by expenditures and defined daily doses (DDDs). A difference-in-differences (DID) model and interrupted time series (ITS) analysis were employed to estimate policy effects.ResultsFollowing policy implementation, total DDDs of negotiated drugs rose 4.03-fold an

Management of Potential Organ Donor: Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine-Position Statement.

This position statement is documented based on the input from all contributing coauthors from the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine (ISCCM), following a comprehensive literature review and summary of current scientific evidence. Its objective is to provide the standard perspective for the management of potential organ/tissue donors after brain death (BD) in adults only, regardless of the availability of technology. This document should only be used for guidance only and is not a substitute for proper clinical decision making in particular circumstances of any case. Endorsement by the IS

Haematologists' experiences implementing patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in an outpatient clinic: a qualitative study for applied practice.

BackgroundThe patient-doctor relationship is crucial to provide person-centred care, allowing the alleviation of symptom burden caused by disease or treatment. Implementing Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) is suggested to inform the decision-making process and lead to initiation of care. Yet there are knowledge gaps regarding how meaningful it is to incorporate PROMs in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to investigate haematologists' experiences when PROMs were implemented in an outpatient setting.MethodsFourteen participant observations, 13 individual interviews and three

NF-κB: master regulator of cellular responses in health and disease.

The NF-κB transcription control proteins play widespread roles in cellular behavior, regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, proliferation, and development. Here, we attempt to comprehensively review these diverse functions and underlying mechanisms, leading readers to relevant references of both historic and topical importance. Because of the huge number of NF-κB control mechanisms and functions, and the vast literature that describes these, being comprehensive is a daunting task but we hope that readers will find clues to lead them to whatever understanding they may seek. A

Community-based adaptation of early adolescent skills for emotions for urban adolescents and caregivers in New York City.

An increasing number of studies have sought to explore the applicability of scalable mental health interventions to bridge the adolescent mental health treatment gap. This study aimed to adapt the World Health Organization's mental health intervention Early Adolescent Skills for Emotion (EASE) for urban communities in New York City (NYC). Following the mental health Cultural Adaptation and Contextualization for Implementation framework and in collaboration with three Brooklyn community-based organizations and the NYC Mayor's Office of Community Mental Health, the intervention was intensively w

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… Through documenting the researchers’ close partnership with the local government, youth and caregivers, the study highlights the importance of centering community voices in intervention development, implementation, and dissemination. … In doing so, the adaptation process was a collaborative and iterative process between researchers at The New School Center for Global Mental Health, local government at the NYC Mayor’s Office for Community Mental Health, and three community-based organizations (CBOs), structured around feedback and input …

Use of epidemiological data as the basis for developing a medical curriculum.

Context and objectiveEpidemiology may help educators to face the challenge of establishing content guidelines for the curricula in medical schools. The aim was to develop learning objectives for a medical curriculum from an epidemiology database.Design and settingDescriptive study assessing morbidity and mortality data, conducted in a private university in São Paulo.MethodsAn epidemiology database was used, with mortality and morbidity recorded as summaries of deaths and the World Health Organization's Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY). The scoring took into consideration probabilities for

Immediate adverse events to intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity: A longitudinal study with a pre-infusion protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin represents the main therapy for patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and it is a safe procedure, but adverse events (AEs) can occur with variable frequencies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of immediate AEs to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) regular therapy in a pediatric cohort with IEI after a pre-IVIG infusion protocol. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study from 2011 to 2019 at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Brazil. RESULTS: A total of 1736 infusions were studied in 70 patients with IEI, 46 (65.7%) of whom were males and whose median age w

Human resources for cancer control in uttar pradesh, India: a case study for low and middle income countries.

For addressing the growing burden of cancer in low and middle income countries, an important first step is to estimate the human resources required for cancer control in a country, province, or city. However, few guidelines are available to decision makers in that regard. Here, we propose a methodology for estimating the human and other resources needed in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India as a case study. Information about the population of UP and its cities was obtained from http://citypopulation.de/. The number of new cancer cases annually for the commonest cancers was estimated from G

Circadian clock and cancer.

Circadian rhythms play a critical role in regulating physiological and behavioral processes, such as the sleep-wake cycle, hormone secretion, and metabolism. These rhythms are controlled by endogenous biological clocks, which are synchronized with environmental cues, primarily the light-dark cycle. Notably, disruption or reprogramming of circadian rhythms is closely associated with cancer initiation, progression, and treatment response. At the molecular level, the dysregulation of core clock genes can disturb normal cellular rhythms, leading to aberrant cell proliferation, impaired DNA repair,

Exploiting artificial intelligence in precision oncology: an updated comprehensive review.

Precision oncology considers the genetic makeup of both the tumor and the cancer patient, medical history, clinical metadata, lifestyle and environmental factors. Thus, adoption of precision cancer medicine mandates sophisticated integrative analysis. Being a master in sorting and solving the puzzle pieces, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered frameworks emerged to fill the gap via executing multimodal analysis and generating meaningful outputs. Herein, we systematically discussed the opportunities and challenges of exploiting AI-assisted models in preclinical cancer research and in clinical o

Quality of life for patients on oncology treatments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a systematic review.

BackgroundCancer cases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have tripled in recent years. Quality of Life (QoL) measurements are crucial for healthcare professionals because they reveal important information about how patients respond to drugs and their general health. This study aimed to collect and summarise articles exploring the QoL of patients undergoing oncology treatments in KSA.MethodsThis systematic review captured articles on the Quality of Life of patients undergoing oncology treatments living in the KSA from 2000-2023. A query was established by adapting (PICOS) guidelines for syst

"Let him die. He caused it": A qualitative study on cancer stigma in Tanzania.

Cancer stigma presents a critical barrier to care seeking, contributing to delayed presentation and poor cancer outcomes worldwide. The burden of cancer in Tanzania is on the rise, with cancer being the third-leading cause of death in the country. Despite rising incidence and poor outcomes of cancer, cancer-related stigma interventions have received low prioritization. There is a need for sound research that focuses on understanding attitudes driving stigma, its impact on care-seeking and treatment adherence, and intervention models to reduce stigma. We used a cross-sectional qualitative study

Искусственный интеллект, видоизменяющий парадигму гематологического диагноза и лечения злокачественных заболеваний: от статической оценки до динамического управления точностью.

Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) все чаще изучается в качестве инструмента содействия более точному и динамичному управлению диагностикой и лечением гематологов. В отличие от предыдущих обзоров, в которых основное внимание уделялось отдельным типам заболеваний или изолированным технологическим путям, в настоящем документе содержится всеобъемлющий обзор текущих прикладных программ АИШ и последних достижений в области диагностики, классификации, оценки прогнозов и принятия решений по лечению лейкемии, лимфомы, множественной миэломы и миэлодиспластических синдромов. Она охватывает ключевые технически

Does childhood obesity foreshadow a future time-bomb of early and more aggressive cancers?

There has been a global explosion in the prevalence of childhood obesity with 20% of children worldwide now growing up with excess weight and, despite many calls for interventions to redress the costs to health and society, rates continue to rise. It has also recently been observed that there is a global trend with the incidence of early-onset cancers, diagnoses prior to age 50, increasing. We outline the different lines of evidence implicating that these two trends may be linked. Conclusive proof will only be obtained when longitudinal studies, initiated after the current surge in childhood o

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Early shift to oral antibiotic treatment for pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (SAVE): study protocol for an open label, non-inferiority, nation-wide randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The current Danish National Guideline (DNG) for treatment of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO) recommends 6 weeks antibiotic (AB) treatment, with a 2-week intravenous (IV) AB lead-in followed by 4 weeks oral AB for uncomplicated PVO, and 12 weeks AB treatment with a 4-week IV AB lead-in followed by 8 weeks oral AB for complicated PVO. The primary objective of the current study is to investigate whether shortening the duration of IV AB to one week is non-inferior to the current DNG. METHODOLOGY: The SAVE trial is an investigator initiated, randomized (1:1), controlled, non-inf