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Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, underlying comorbidities, and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reported 62 pediatric patients (age <14 years) with confirmed COVID-19 between March 2 and July 1, 2020, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Comorbid conditions, including cardiac, neurological, respiratory, and malignant disorders, were reported in 9 patients (14.5%). The most prominent presenting complaints were fever (80.6%) and cough (48.4%).

Respiratory syncytial virus infection of airway epithelial cells, in vivo and in vitro, supports pulmonary antibody responses by inducing expression of the B cell differentiation factor BAFF.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms regulating antibody expression within the human lung during airway infection are largely unknown. In this study, our objectives were to determine if infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) upregulates expression of the B cell differentiation factors A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), if this is a common feature of viral airway infection, and how this is regulated in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS: We measured BAFF and APRIL protein expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from infan

[Etiology of acute viral respiratory tract infections in children from Gran Canaria, the Canary Islands (Spain)].

OBJECTIVE: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) of viral origin are a frequent cause of pediatric consultations and hospital admissions. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of these infections in Gran Canaria, the Canary Islands, (Spain). METHODS: From May 2002 through May 2005, 1957 nasopharyngeal washings were collected from 1729 children presenting with ARTI to the Pediatric Emergency Unit. A rapid antigen detection method was performed in every sample to identify respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and cell culture (CC) was used in R

Variations in human urinary O-hydroxylysyl glycoside levels and their relationship to collagen metabolism.

Two O-hydroxylysyl glycosides, Hyl-Gal-Glc and Hyl-Gal, have been isolated from normal human urine and shown to be identical to two glycosides isolated from alkaline hydrolysates of collagen. A relatively sample and reproducible analytical procedure has been devised to measure the levels of these glycosides in human urine. By the use of this procedure it was shown that a normal diet has only a small effect on 24-hr urinary excretion levels of these glycosides indicating an endogenous origin. Urinary glycoside levels appear to be highest in children, roughly paralleling collagen turnover as ind

Club cell-specific role of programmed cell death 5 in pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes progressive fibrosis and worsening pulmonary function. Prognosis is poor and no effective therapies exist. We show that programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) expression is increased in the lungs of patients with IPF and in mouse models of lung fibrosis. Lung fibrosis is significantly diminished by club cell-specific deletion of Pdcd5 gene. PDCD5 mediates β-catenin/Smad3 complex formation, promoting TGF-β-induced transcriptional activation of matricellular genes. Club cell Pdcd5 knockdown reduces matricellular protein secretion, inhibiting fibroblast prolife

Sox17 promotes cell cycle progression and inhibits TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling to initiate progenitor cell behavior in the respiratory epithelium.

The Sry-related high mobility group box transcription factor Sox17 is required for diverse developmental processes including endoderm formation, vascular development, and fetal hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Expression of Sox17 in mature respiratory epithelial cells causes proliferation and lineage respecification, suggesting that Sox17 can alter adult lung progenitor cell fate. In this paper, we identify mechanisms by which Sox17 influences lung epithelial progenitor cell behavior and reprograms cell fate in the mature respiratory epithelium. Conditional expression of Sox17 in epithelia

Pulmonary GvHD: is it time to change the NIH diagnostic criteria?

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… is the bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), characterized by progressive airflow obstruction due to subepithelial inflammatory and fibrotic narrowing of the bronchioles. … BOS bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; ATG anti-thymocyte globulin; GvHD: graft-versus-host disease; MWB multiple breath washout; mo: months; FAM Fluticasone-azithromycin-montelukast *FAM should be administered only with cartain diagnosis of BOS. …

Surfactant protein-C chromatin-bound green fluorescence protein reporter mice reveal heterogeneity of surfactant protein C-expressing lung cells.

The regeneration of alveolar epithelial cells is a critical aspect of alveolar reorganization after lung injury. Although alveolar Type II (AT2) cells have been described as progenitor cells for alveolar epithelia, more remains to be understood about how their progenitor cell properties are regulated. A nuclear, chromatin-bound green fluorescence protein reporter (H2B-GFP) was driven from the murine surfactant protein-C (SPC) promoter to generate SPC H2B-GFP transgenic mice. The SPC H2B-GFP allele allowed the FACS-based enrichment and gene expression profiling of AT2 cells. Approximately 97% o

β-Catenin-SOX2 signaling regulates the fate of developing airway epithelium.

Wnt-β-catenin signaling regulates cell fate during organ development and postnatal tissue maintenance, but its contribution to specification of distinct lung epithelial lineages is still unclear. To address this question, we used a Cre recombinase (Cre)-LoxP approach to activate canonical Wnt signaling ectopically in developing lung endoderm. We found that persistent activation of canonical Wnt signaling within distal lung endoderm was permissive for normal development of alveolar epithelium, yet led to the loss of developing bronchiolar epithelium and ectasis of distal conducting airways. Act

Lung endothelial monocyte-activating protein 2 is a mediator of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice.

Pulmonary emphysema is a disease characterized by alveolar cellular loss and inflammation. Recently, excessive apoptosis of structural alveolar cells has emerged as a major mechanism in the development of emphysema. Here, we investigated the proapoptotic and monocyte chemoattractant cytokine endothelial monocyte-activating protein 2 (EMAPII). Lung-specific overexpression of EMAPII in mice caused simplification of alveolar structures, apoptosis, and macrophage accumulation, compared with that in control transgenic mice. Additionally, in a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced (CS-induced) emph

Elf3 plays a role in regulating bronchiolar epithelial repair kinetics following Clara cell-specific injury.

E74-like transcription factor-3 (Elf3), a member of the E26 transformation-specific transcription factor family, is strongly expressed in epithelial-rich tissues, such as small intestine, fetal lung, and various lung cancers. Although previous studies have shown a defect in terminal differentiation of the small intestinal epithelium of Elf3-deficient (Elf3-/-) mice during embryonic development, very little is known about the role Elf3 may play in repair of the airway epithelium after injury. In order to investigate whether Elf3 is involved in regeneration of the bronchiolar epithelium after Cl

Nitric oxide inhibits highly selective sodium channels and the Na+/K+-ATPase in H441 cells.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of Na(+) reabsorption by pulmonary epithelial cells and therefore of alveolar fluid clearance. The mechanisms by which NO affects epithelial ion transport are poorly understood and vary from model to model. In this study, the effects of NO on sodium reabsorption by H441 cell monolayers were studied in an Ussing chamber. Two NO donors, (Z)-1-[N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate and diethylammonium (Z)-1-(N,N-diethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, rapidly, reversibly, and dose-dependently reduced amiloride-sensitive, short-circ

Characteristics of primary Sjögren's syndrome related lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: This paper is aimed at investigating the clinical characteristics of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). METHODS: The demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological findings, treatment, and prognosis from 15 cases of pSS-LIP patients were retrospectively analyzed. The data were compared with t test, χ 2 test, and Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: (1) Fifteen cases of patients with pSS-LIP are all females (100%). Compared with pSS with interstitial lung disease(pSS-ILD) patients, the incidence of dry

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis during a 30-year observation. Diagnosis and treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterised by the abnormal accumulation of surfactant-like material in macrophages within the alveolar spaces and distal bronchioles. The course of the disease is variable and the prognosis is often good. However, progressive disease in some patients can cause respiratory dysfunction and can be life threatening. In this situation, the only effective treatment is whole lung lavage. The objective of the study was to present the characteristics and the course of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in our own material, the diagnost

Integrated plasma pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba in treatment of allergic asthma.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba (GPH), a commonly used traditional medicine in China, is derived from Gerbera piloselloides (Linn.) Cass. It is featured by its special bioactivities as antitussive, expectorant, anti-asthma, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, uterine analgesia, and immunity-enhancing. With a long history of medication in ethnic minority areas in China, it is often used as an effective treatment for cough and sore throat as well as allergic asthma. Although our previous investigation also has discovered GPH performed effective treatment on allergic asthma,

Beyond bronchopulmonary dysplasia: impact of human milk feeding on long-term respiratory morbidity in very preterm infants.

UNLABELLED: Very preterm infants are at increased risk of respiratory morbidity, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) being one of the most … ring follow-up, including respiratory hospital admissions (33% vs. 15%; p < 0.01) and ED visits for bronchiolitis or bronchospasm (60% vs. 36%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Human milk feeding at hospital discharge was associated with a lower risk of respiratory hospital admissions during the first 18 months in very preterm infants. No differences in respiratory morb …

Early childhood respiratory tract infections according to parental subfertility and conception by assisted reproductive technologies.

STUDY QUESTION: Are children conceived by ART or born to subfertile parents more susceptible to upper or lower respiratory tract infections … ovided information on ART. URTI included throat and ear infections, while LRTI included bronchitis, bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumonia. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: We used log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% CI of any respiratory tract infection and hospitalization, and negative-binomial regression t …

Associations between gestational age at birth and infection-related hospital admission rates during childhood in England: Population-based record linkage study.

BACKGROUND: Children born preterm (<37 completed weeks' gestation) have a higher risk of infection-related morbidity than those born at term … (4.56-7.95)) were the most strongly associated with gestational age at birth. Of LRTIs experienced, bronchiolitis (<28 weeks, aRR = 11.86 (10.20-13.80)), and pneumonia (<28 weeks, aRR = 9.49 (7.95-11.32)) were the most common causes. CONCLUSIONS: Gestational age at birth was strongly associated with rates of infection-related hospital admissions during childho …

[Etiology of acute respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children in Suzhou from 2005 to 2011].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the etiology of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in hospitalized children in Suzhou from 2005 to 2011. METHO … mmer, up to 31.27% (819/2619) and 10.07% (43/427) respectively. RSV was the most common pathogen in bronchiolitis (33.27% (866/2603)) and MP was the most common pathogen in bronchopneumonia (26.05% (1152/4422)) and lober pneumonia (52.25% (267/511)). CONCLUSION: MP and RSV were the most common pathogens in respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children. …

Lung and heart-lung transplantation at University of Pittsburgh: 1982-2009.

The Lung Transplantation program at the University of Pittsburgh began in 1982. From the beginning to December 31, 2009, 1347, lung and hear … sing understanding of mechanisms and management of ischemic-reperfusion injury, acute rejection and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.