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Back-calculation based on HIV and AIDS registers in Denmark, Norway and Sweden 1977-95 among homosexual men: estimation of absolute rates, incidence rates and prevalence of HIV.

BACKGROUND: The Scandinavian countries, Denmark, Norway and Sweden, have established both HIV and AIDS registers to monitor the HIV epidemic. Information in such registers can be used to estimate the number of new HIV infections over time, incidence rates and prevalence. Information from the HIV registers made it possible to study what kind of effects such information had in the estimation process, compared with using information about new AIDS cases only. METHODS: A Markov model back-calculation approach was used. One model incorporated data on cases of both HIV and AIDS. Another model incor

Previous infection and other risk factors for acute cerebrovascular ischaemia: attributable risks and the characterisation of high risk groups.

BACKGROUND: Recent reports indicated that previous infection may be a risk factor for ischaemic stroke in younger adults and that the increased mortality of cerebrovascular diseases in winter months may be partly caused by the increased rate of infection during the cold season. METHODS: We performed a 1:1 matched case-control study with 197 cases (83 females, 114 males) aged between 22 and 80 years (median age 65 years) to investigate risk factors for acute cerebrovascular ischaemia, in particular the effect of previous infection. We estimated the impact of risk factors in terms of attributab

The use of frailty models in genetic studies: application to the relationship between end-stage renal failure and mutation type in Alport syndrome. European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action Group (ECASCA).

BACKGROUND: Alport syndrome (AS) is a severe hereditary disease usually transmitted as an X dominant trait and involving a mutation of the COL4A5 gene. It leads to end-stage renal failure (ESRF), but this progression is heterogeneous. Mutations of the COL4A5 gene have been characterised in numerous families using molecular biology. Our objective was to evaluate the interfamilial heterogeneity of the disease and to study relationships between mutation types and progression to ESRF in the European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action group (ECASCA) registry database. METHODS: We used the

Prevalence of detectable abnormal prion protein in persons incubating vCJD: plausible incubation periods and cautious inference.

BACKGROUND: Both small and large variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (vCJD) epidemics are consistent with the current observed incidence. Uncertainty in vCJD projections could potentially be reduced by incorporating information on the prevalence of the infectious agent in persons incubating vCJD. The prospect of vCJD prevalence studies has been raised by detection of abnormal prion protein, thought to be the infectious agent, in appendices and tonsils removed from vCJD patients. Although unlinked anonymous testing of stored operative tissues for abnormal prion protein is very appealing, the desi

HRT and dementia.

The role of HRT and/or oestrogens in the aetiology, progression and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders is unclear. Various studies have been conducted in cells, animals and humans to better define these relationships. The following is a presentation of data on the role of oestrogens in the two most common dementia syndromes Alzheimer's Disease and vascular dementia. This review examines whether there is support for the hypothesis that the use of oestrogens reduces the risk for dementia and cognitive decline in a variety of experimental models. A literature search was performed using the

NIH consensus development conference draft statement on vaginal birth after cesarean: new insights.

OBJECTIVE: To provide health care providers, patients, and the general public with a responsible assessment of currently available data on vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). PARTICIPANTS: A non-DHHS, nonadvocate 15-member panel representing the fields of obstetrics and gynecology, urogynecology, maternal and fetal medicine, pediatrics, midwifery, clinical pharmacology, medical ethics, internal medicine, family medicine, perinatal and reproductive psychiatry, anesthesiology, nursing, biostatistics, epidemiology, health care regulation, risk management, and a public representative, and a publ…

Differences in the Distribution of Aβ in the Brain between U.S. Veterans and Adults aged 62+ and suffering from Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Elevated concentration of amyloids in the cerebrum results in elevated risks for cerebral hemorrhage and early AD onset following early depression/dementia onset. In this study, we compare patterns of amyloid depositions across eight regions of interest of the human brain between U.S. Veterans and non-Veterans adults aged 62+. DATA: Data were taken from the ADNI and DoD-ADNI studies. A pseudo-randomization algorithm was applied to achieve comparability, reduce bias due to age mismatching, and account for non-treatment-related differences between subsamples extracted from DoD-ADNI

Synovial Fluid Leukocyte Count and Differential Are Poor Standalone Rule-in Tests for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Results of a Methodological Audit and Reanalysis of the 2025 Meta-analysis Underpinning the Unified Periprosthetic Joint Infection Criteria.

BACKGROUND: The Unified Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) Criteria were developed and endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microb … e for PJI? METHODS: An independent consortium with expertise in PJI diagnostics, epidemiology, and biostatistics conducted a formal methodological reappraisal of the 2025 meta-analysis. To address the first study question, the 2025 meta-analysis, all 74 primary studies, and the original source data files provided by that study's authors were assessed. After re …

Precise Estimation for the Age of Initiation of Tobacco Use Among U.S. Youth: Finding from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2017.

CONTEXT: Youth tobacco use remains a prominent United States public health issue with a high economic and health burden. METHOD: We pooled never and ever users at youth's first wave of PATH participation (waves 1-3) to estimate age of initiation for hookah, e-cigarettes, cigarettes, traditional cigars, cigarillos, and smokeless tobacco prospectively (waves 2-4). Age of initiation of each tobacco product was estimated using weighted interval-censored survival analyses. Weighted interval censoring Cox-proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association of ever use of the

Кишечная флора связана с риском возникновения хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.

КИСЛОТА: Кишечная флора (IF) связана с риском неинфекционных заболеваний, особенно различных видов рака, инсульта и болезни Альцгеймера. Однако на различных этапах роста, развития и старения все еще существует много неопределенностей в отношении этих ассоциаций. Поэтому необходимы дальнейшие углубленные исследования. AIM: Изучение связей человека с риском заболевания на различных этапах роста, развития и старения в целях получения более точных и убедительных выводов.МЕТОДЫ: Коорт, кросс-секции, контроль за конкретными случаями и исследования по случайной менделии, опубликованные в базах данных

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… Yi Jiang, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China. … Xuan Bai, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China. …

Health and aging in elderly farmers: the AMI cohort.

BackgroundThe health of the agricultural population has been previously explored, particularly in relation to the farming exposures and among professionally active individuals. However, few studies specifically focused on health and aging among elders retired from agriculture. Yet, this population faces the long-term effects of occupational exposures and multiple difficulties related to living and aging in rural area (limited access to shops, services, and practitioners). However, these difficulties may be counter-balanced by advantages related to healthier lifestyle, richer social support and

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… She is presently head of the team “Nutritional epidemiology” at the INSERM Research Center U897 “Epidemiology and Biostatistics”. … He is head of the team “Epidemiology and Neuropsychology of Aging” at the INSERM Research Center U897 “Epidemiology and Biostatistics”. …

Interferon-α Nasal Spray Prophylaxis Reduces COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether a daily nasal spray of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) would reduce the incidence of COVID-19 or community-acquired respiratory viral infections in adult cancer patients. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive daily 40 000 IU IFN-α nasal spray or normal saline placebo. Participants who developed influenza-like symptoms self-collected nasal swabs for PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, seasonal coronavirus, picornavirus

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… Robert K Mahar, Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Methods and Implementation Support for Clinical and Health (MISCH) Research Hub, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne … Julie A Simpson, Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Methods and Implementation Support for Clinical and Health (MISCH) Research Hub, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne …

Respiratory medicine and research at McGill University: a historical perspective.

The history of respiratory medicine and research at McGill University (Montreal, Quebec) is tightly linked with the growth of academic medic … respiratory clinician-researchers and PhD scientists with expertise in epidemiological methods and biostatistics. Respiratory physiology and medicine at McGill benefitted from a strong start through the influence of Meakins and Christie, and a tight linkage between clinical observation and physiological research. The subsequent recruitment of talented and crea …

Diffuse nuclear Overhauser effect MRI contrast changes detected in multiple sclerosis subjects at 7T.

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the central nervous system affecting approximately 1 million people in the USA. Although standard structural MRI techniques are now the main imaging modality for multiple sclerosis diagnosis and management, they are yet to provide information regarding the metabolic profile of the disease. Ultra-high field 7T MRI systems have provided gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution for structural MRI as well as larger chemical shifts leading to improvements in specialized imaging sequences, such as nuclear Overhauser

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… Fang Liu, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. … Allen Fu, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. …

Proceedings of the CIMAGO Congress - Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology in the 21st Century - Challenges and Opportunities.

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… of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; 6 Univ Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; 7 Univ Coimbra, Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; 8 Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Biostatistics … Marques Carreira 1,4,7 , Ilda Patrícia Ribeiro 1,4,7 1 University of Coimbra, Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal. 2 Algarve Radiation Oncology Unit – Joaquim Chaves Saúde (JCS), Faro, Portugal. 3 Laboratory of Biostatistics …

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 20

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… Sciences (P Allebeck PhD, R H S Rabiee MPH), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (Prof J J Carrero PhD), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS) (S M Fereshtehnejad PhD), Aging Research Center (Prof M Kivipelto PhD), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics …

метрики соотношений на основе пропорциональности при подсчете данных о составе.

Составные данные включают векторы, описывающие составные части целого. Данные, полученные с помощью различных -омикических платформ, таких, как 16S и RNA, носят составный характер. В таких данных корреляции между характеристиками первичных счетов не имеют сколько-нибудь значимого толкования. Для решения этой проблемы были сформулированы критерии пропорциональности. Однако имманентная погрешность возникает тогда, когда эти метрики рассчитываются эмпирически на основе показателей, основанных на подсчете, из-за изменчивости глубин считываемого материала. Мы подсчитали погрешность, введенная путем

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… Biostatistics. 2020;21:586–603. 18. Silverman JD, Roche K, Holmes ZC et al. Bayesian multinomial logistic normal models through marginally latent matrix-T processes. J Mach Learn Res. 2022;23:7–1. 19. McGregor K, Labbe A, Greenwood CMT. … Biostatistics. 2008;9:432–41. 10.1093/biostatistics/kxm045 22. Hoff PD. Nonparametric modeling of hierarchically exchangeable data. Technical Report 421, University of Washington, Statistics Department, 2003. 23. Chen J, Chen Z. Extended BIC for small-n-large-p sparse GLM. …

Safety and Efficacy of Combination Maintenance Therapy with Ixazomib and Lenalidomide in Patients with Posttransplant Myeloma.

PurposeIn this study, the addition of ixazomib to lenalidomide maintenance post-autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in 64 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma was evaluated on the basis of the observed benefit of lenalidomide-only maintenance in prior studies.Patients and methodsPatients were started on maintenance therapy with lenalidomide and ixazomib within 60-180 days of stem cell infusion.ResultsResponse rates deepened over time from baseline post-ASCT for 39 patients. The complete response (CR)/stringent CR rate was 43% and median overall survival was not reached with a medi

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… The operating characteristics of this monitoring rule were obtained using the one-arm TTE software developed at the Department of Biostatistics at MDACC (Houston, TX). … The monitoring was carried out via the Clinical Trial Conduct (CTC) website, housed on a secure server at MDACC (Houston, TX), and maintained by the MDACC Department of Biostatistics. …

Оценка портфеля клинических испытаний Selinexor: перекрестное исследование.

Разработка наркотиков в рамках программы " Справочная информация " является сложным и дорогостоящим процессом. Selinexor — лекарство, получившее ускоренное одобрение в качестве нового средства лечения повторной или повторной диффузной лимфомы B-клеток и множественной миеломы. Несмотря на то, что на начальном этапе в ходе клинических испытаний были выявлены перспективные методы лечения этих заболеваний, в ходе клинических испытаний она продемонстрировала высокую токсичность. Таким образом, необходимо провести анализ для оценки портфеля клинических испытаний селинксора. Цель данного ис

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… Peña, Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA Jordan Tuia, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. … Alyson Haslam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Vinay Prasad, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. …