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Multi-omics insights into immunometabolic dysregulation in neonatal sepsis for precision medicine.

Neonatal sepsis remains a major global health challenge, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality despite many advances. Conventional diagnostics often fail to capture the disease complexity and immune dysregulation, leading to delayed diagnosis and sub-optimal treatment. Recent advances in multiomics, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and metagenomics are transforming molecular understanding by enabling a precise view of host-pathogen interactions. These approaches also provide critical insights into metainflammation, a state of chronic, low-grade immu

[Liquid biopsy empowers precision medicine across the full course of bladder cancer].

Bladder cancer management encompasses the entire clinical course, including screening, diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and recurrence monitoring. Although conventional approaches based on cystoscopy, imaging, and histopathology remain the foundation of clinical practice, they have limitations in noninvasive dynamic monitoring and molecular stratification. By analyzing tumor-derived cells and molecular information in urine or blood, liquid biopsy provides an important complementary approach for precision management of bladder cancer across the disease course. Owing to the direct contact b

Personalized cancer vaccines: bridging immune-oncology and precision medicine for advanced therapeutics.

Despite advancements in therapeutic cancer vaccines, clinical translation has been hindered by limited efficacy, with Sipuleucel-T remaining the only FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccine to date. However, recent advances in personalized mRNA vaccines, such as Moderna's mRNA-4157 and BioNTech's autogene cevumeran, have demonstrated significant reductions in recurrence risk and improved survival across several cancer types, renewing optimism in the field. Personalized cancer vaccines leverage patient-specific tumor antigens to initiate potent and targeted immune responses. This review outline

Intestinal Ultrasound-Guided Precision Medicine in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by marked heterogeneity, challenging disease monitoring and individualized treatment. Despite advances in treat-to-target strategies, unmet needs persist, particularly in assessing transmural healing and optimizing therapeutic decisions. This narrative review evaluates the role of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) as a key tool for precision medicine in IBD. IUS is a non-invasive, repeatable, and cost-effective imaging modality with diagnostic accuracy comparable to endoscopy and magnetic resonance…

From clinical phenotypes to cellular mechanisms: a precision medicine framework for COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a persistent, often progressive lung disease with a highly heterogeneous patient population. Its management has traditionally relied on clinical symptoms and pulmonary function tests. However, this approach has limitations due to a poor alignment between the clinical symptoms and underlying individual pathological mechanisms, as well as a heavy reliance on chest imaging, restricting its wide application in resource-limited settings. This review aimed to bridge the gap between clinical presentation and underlying mechanisms by systematically mappi

Integrated approaches to geriatric mental disorders: pathophysiology, interventions, and precision medicine horizons.

The global aging demographic has precipitated a surge in late-life mental disorders (LMDs)-including late-life depression (LLD), anxiety, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)-posing critical public health challenges. This review synthesizes current evidence on the unique pathophysiology, clinical management, and emerging frontiers of geriatric mental health, emphasizing the interplay of neurobiological aging, multimorbidity, and psychosocial stressors. Key pathophysiological mechanisms include "inflammaging" (microglial overactivation), cerebral small vessel disease (CS

Фармакомикробиомика: От взаимодействия хост-микробиома-наркотики к клиническому переводу в докторскую медицину.

Заметная межиндивидуальная изменчивость реакции на наркотики по-прежнему является серьезной проблемой в области клинической фармакологии и не может быть в полной мере объяснена только генетикой принимающей страны. Растущие данные свидетельствуют о том, что кишечная микробиота является дополнительным фактором, определяющим эффективность и токсичность наркотиков посредством двустороннего взаимодействия с фармакологической терапией. Это признание привело к появлению фармакомикробиомики - области, которая изучает, как микробные сообщества влияют на утилизацию наркотиков и реагирование на них, и ка

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Marked interindividual variability in drug response remains a major challenge in clinical pharmacology and cannot be fully explained by host … particularly metabolomics, are expected to accelerate the translation of pharmacomicrobiomics into precision medicine. This review summarises current evidence regarding microbiome-drug interactions, the mechanisms underlying microbiome-mediated modulation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, emerging therapeutic strategies, and the challenges that remain befor …

Precision medicine advances in pancreatic cancer driven by genomic and molecular alterations.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies with limited treatment efficacy. Advances in precision oncology, enabled by next-generation sequencing, have highlighted key molecular targets. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations, present in up to 90% of cases, drive aggressive biology, though most variants remain undruggable; allele-specific inhibitors and exosome-based RNA interference are under exploration. Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 mutations occur in 4%-7% of patients, conferring sensitivity to platinum agents and poly(ADP-ribo

Shaping Precision Medicine: The Journey of Sequencing Technologies Across Human Solid Tumors.

Solid tumors collectively drive the global cancer burden, with profound molecular heterogeneity demanding precision and molecularly informed management. Advances in sequencing technologies have established molecular taxonomy as a cornerstone of clinical oncology, progressively superseding traditional histopathological classifications. Sanger sequencing remains the gold standard for validating guideline mandated actionable variants. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized early cancer detection through liquid biopsy applications and enabled the reclassification of diagnostically cha

Functional heterogeneity of mast cells in cutaneous inflammation: implications for precision medicine.

Inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria, substantially impair patients' qualit … ed functional assays may accelerate clinical translation and support the development of MC-targeted precision medicine.

Next-Generation models of Gallbladder Carcinoma: Linking biological insights to precision medicine.

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is among the most aggressive and deadly malignancies of the biliary tract, with limited early diagnosis and treatment options largely due to a poor understanding of its complex tumor biology. Effective preclinical in vitro models are essential for advancing the understanding of its complex pathobiology and improving therapeutic strategies. Recent research has expanded experimental platforms for studying GBC biology beyond conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures to include advanced three-dimensional (3D) systems, xenograft models, and emerging technologies such as

Precision medicine with car cells in acute myeloid leukemia: where are we?

The integration of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies with precision medicine holds potential to impact the treatment landscape for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Genetic mutations play a role in the efficacy of CAR-T and CAR-NK cells, influencing their crucial role in determining the effectiveness of these cells, as well as their proliferation, persistence, resistance, and safety. This review examines how mutations in FLT3, DNMT3A, NPM1, TP53, TET2, gene fusions involving RUNX1 and KMT2A and other key genes modulate CAR-based immunotherapies, highlighting both vulnerabilities and resist…

Precision medicine in substance use disorders: Integrating behavioral, environmental, and biological insights.

Substance use disorders (SUD) are chronic, relapsing conditions marked by high variability in treatment response and frequent relapse. This variability arises from complex interactions among behavioral, environmental, and biological factors unique to each individual. Precision medicine, which tailors treatment to patient-specific characteristics, offers a promising avenue to address these challenges. This review explores key factors influencing SUD, including severity, comorbidities, drug use motives, polysubstance use, cognitive impairments, and biological and environmental influences. Advanc…

Gene editing in cancer therapy: overcoming drug resistance and enhancing precision medicine.

The CRISPR system has revolutionized cancer gene therapy, offering unparalleled precision in genetic manipulation for targeted oncogene disruption, mutation correction, and immune system modulation. This breakthrough tool has demonstrated remarkable potential in overcoming drug resistance, enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity, and improving immunotherapy strategies such as CRISPR-engineered CAR-T cells. Additionally, oncolytic virus-mediated CRISPR delivery has emerged as a novel approach for tumor-specific gene editing, minimizing off-target effects. The rapid transition of CRISPR-based cancer

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… This review explores the potential of CRISPR-based cancer therapeutics to address the limitations of conventional treatments, highlights recent advancements in CRISPR applications, and discusses their convergence with emerging precision medicine strategies. …

Precision medicine in Salivary Gland Carcinoma: Insights from breast and prostate cancer.

Salivary Gland Carcinomas (SGC) are a heterogeneous group of diseases with varied histologies, biology, clinical behaviors, and therapeutic approaches. The World Health Organization classifies SGCs into Low Aggression and High Aggression categories. Due to their rarity and unique biology, managing SGCs is challenging, often requiring expert histological diagnosis and treatment based on low-level evidence. Despite recent international guidelines, several critical aspects of SGC management remain unresolved, in particular regarding systemic treatment. Recent discoveries of molecular alterations,

Integrating Nutrition into Precision Medicine for Controlling Systemic Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has evolved from the conventional “treat-to-target” approach to strategies that emphasize individualized, patient-centered care. Concepts such as “therapeutic matchmaking” and “smart-to-target” highlight the importance of biomarkers, comorbidities, and quality-of-life priorities in selecting treatments. There is increasing evidence that identifies the gut-joint axis as a critical factor in RA pathogenesis. This axis links gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier integrity, and systemic inflammation. Dysbiosis, reduced short-chain fatty acid pro

Genetic profiling of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A necessity for precision medicine.

INTRODUCTION: The urothelium of the upper tract (renal pelvis and ureter) has morphological and functional similarities to the bladder. Ther … n providing important information for diagnosis and management, which can result in more successful precision medicine. EXPERT OPINION: Although there are shared gene alterations between UTUC and UCB, the presence of minor genomic variations between the two site differences in the genomic alterations can explain differences in disease course. An upfront knowledge o …

Applications of Machine Learning-Driven Molecular Models for Advancing Ophthalmic Precision Medicine.

Ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), and optic neuritis involve complex molecular and cellular disruptions that challenge current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models offer a novel lens to analyze these diseases by integrating diverse datasets, identifying patterns, and enabling precision medicine strategies. Over the past decade, applications of AI in ophthalmology have expanded from imaging-based diagnostics to molecular-level modeling, bridging critical gaps in understanding di…

Parathyroid hormone assay standardization in CKD-MBD: resolving heterogeneity for precision medicine.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Accurate measurement of PTH is essential for diagnosing and managing various endocrine and osteological diseases, particularly in the context of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Current immunoassays-categorized into three generations-struggle with PTH's molecular heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers structural specificity, with recent advances achieving satisfactory sensitivity for intact 1-84 PTH quantification and identifying clinically relevant fragments. This review