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Safety and immunogenicity of a reduced-dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine versus a full-dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine in infants in Bangladesh: a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Replacing oral polio vaccines with inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs) is necessary to stop the potential transmission of vaccine- … The common serious adverse events were pneumonia (n=10 in the ds-IPV group; n=3 in the IPV group), bronchiolitis (n=3 in the ds-IPV group; n=1 in the IPV group), and diarrhoea (n=3 in the ds-IPV group; n=1 in the IPV group). None of the unsolicited events and serious adverse events were causally related to the study vaccines. INTERPRETATION: Delivery of three …

Coexistence of Autoantibodies against the Golgi Complex and Ro52 Antigen in a Patient with Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is often associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD). The diagnosis of NSIP was confirmed in a 63-year-old man by high-resolution computed tomography and an open lung biopsy. Anti-Golgi complex autoantibodies (AGA) and anti-Ro52 antibodies were simultaneously detected at high concentrations. Autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) were negative. The patient was treated with corticosteroids for six months. During the seven-year follow-up, NSIP had a slow progression and patient had not developed the clinical features of CTD. The present

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… Pneumonia often develops in bronchiolitis obliterans due to inflammation of the surrounding parenchyma as a consequence to the bronchiolitis (organizing pneumonia). The bronchioles are classified into terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles. … In contrast, when the respiratory bronchioles are affected by a disease, a clinical picture resembles restrictive airway disease that arises because the adjacent alveoli are affected too. COP is a disease of the respiratory bronchioles. …

The lung function score and its components as predictors of overall survival and chronic graft-vs-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

AimTo retrospectively assess if the modified lung function score (LFS) and/or its components, forced expiratory volume within the first second (FEV1) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for hemoglobin level (cDLCO), predict overall survival (OS) and chronic graft-vs-host-disease (cGvHD).MethodsWe evaluated 241 patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) at the University of Regensburg Transplant Center between June 1998 and July 2005 in relation to their LFS, FEV1 and cDLCO, before and after HSCT.ResultsDecreased OS after allo-HSCT was rel

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… )/bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). … Bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. JAMA. 2009;302:306–14. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1018. 14. Abou-Mourad YR, Lau BC, Barnett MJ, Forrest DL, Hogge DE, Nantel SH, et al. …

What Has Been Learned from Postmortem Studies?

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… Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia | Diffuse alveolar damage Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage Lymphoma/leukemia Pulmonary thromboembolism Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Bronchiolitis obliterans Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Bacterial Vancomycin-resistant enterococci … Autopsy studies revealed histological evidence of bronchiolitis obliterans [ 64 ]. …

Acute Respiratory Failure After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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… BO bronchiolitis obliterans, CHF congestive heart failure, CMV cytomegalovirus, COP cryptogenic-organizing pneumonia, DAH diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Amy K. Chi, Ayman O. Soubani, Alexander C. White, Kenneth B. Miller. … Bronchiolitis obliterans occurs mainly in allogeneic transplant recipients, with an average incidence of 8%. …

Chest and Mediastinum

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Respiratory syncytial virus human experimental infection model: provenance, production, and sequence of low-passaged memphis-37 challenge virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children and is responsible for as many as 199,000 childhood deaths annually worldwide. To support the development of viral therapeutics and vaccines for RSV, a human adult experimental infection model has been established. In this report, we describe the provenance and sequence of RSV Memphis-37, the low-passage clinical isolate used for the model's reproducible, safe, experimental infections of healthy, adult volunteers. The predicted amino acid sequences for major proteins of Memphis-37 are compa

Long-Term Health Effects of Curative Therapies on Heart, Lungs, and Kidneys for Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease Compared to Those with Hematologic Malignancies.

The goal of curing children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) is to maximize benefits and minimize intermediate and long-term adverse outcomes so that individuals can live an average life span with a high quality of life. While greater than 2000 individuals with SCD have been treated with curative therapy, systematic studies have not been performed to evaluate the long-term health effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in this population. Individuals with SCD suffer progressive heart, lung, and kidney disease prior to curative therapy. In adults, these sequalae are associ

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… Unlike bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is a restrictive lung disease due to the interstitial deposition of fibroblasts within alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles [ 82 ]. … Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS), Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP), and Other Late-Onset Noninfectious Pulmonary Complications following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol. …

Readmissions among NICU graduates: Who, when and why?

Readmission amongst previous neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates, especially for preterm infants, is common and remains a significant risk for these infants beyond the neonatal period. This review explores risk factors for readmissions, common reasons for requiring rehospitalization and explores opportunities for improving the transition from discharge to home with the ultimate goal of reducing readmissions for these high risk infants.

Protein kinase Cα suppresses Kras-mediated lung tumor formation through activation of a p38 MAPK-TGFβ signaling axis.

Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) can activate both pro- and anti-tumorigenic signaling depending upon cellular context. Here, we investigated the role of PKCα in lung tumorigenesis in vivo. Gene expression data sets revealed that primary human non-small lung cancers (NSCLC) express significantly decreased PKCα levels, indicating that loss of PKCα expression is a recurrent event in NSCLC. We evaluated the functional relevance of PKCα loss during lung tumorigenesis in three murine lung adenocarcinoma models (LSL-Kras, LA2-Kras and urethane exposure). Genetic deletion of PKCα resulted in a significa

Ursolic acid inhibits cigarette smoke extract-induced human bronchial epithelial cell injury and prevents development of lung cancer.

Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. The present study was aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of ursolic acid (UA) on these diseases. In the CSE treated normal human bronchial epithelial cell model, UA alleviated cytotoxicity caused by CSE, recovered the intracellular redox balance, and relieved the stimulation of external deleterious factors as well. UA mitigated CSE-induced DNA damage through the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway. Moreover, UA inhibited lung cancer development in the model established

Effect of carcinogenic acrolein on DNA repair and mutagenic susceptibility.

Acrolein (Acr), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, is a human carcinogen. Acr can react with DNA to form mutagenic α- and γ-hydroxy-1, N(2)-cyclic propano-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts (α-OH-Acr-dG and γ-OH-Acr-dG). We demonstrate here that Acr-dG adducts can be efficiently repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway in normal human bronchial epithelia (NHBE) and lung fibroblasts (NHLF). However, the same adducts were poorly processed in cell lysates isolated from Acr-treated NHBE and NHLF, suggesting that Acr inhibits NER. In addition, we show that Acr treatment also inhibits ba

Pulmonary and Hepatic Complications of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

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… Fig. 5.2 Computed tomography (CT) of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), inspiratory and expiratory films. … T-cell depletion prevents from bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with related donors. Haematologica. 2007;92(4):558–561. doi: 10.3324/haematol.10710. Ebbert JO, Limper AH. …

Clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children with atopic constitution and risk factors for disease severity: a retrospective comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical characteristics and immune-inflammatory markers between Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia children with and without atopic constitution, and to identify independent risk factors for severe MPP within the atopic group. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 377 children diagnosed with MPP at Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2024, who underwent allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing for both inhalant and food allergens. The children were divided into two groups based on their atopic constitution:

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… In the atopic constitution group, there were also cases of asthma (six cases), obstructive bronchiolitis (two cases), cough-variant asthma (one case), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (one case). … Notably, the atopic constitution group included nearly all cases of asthma, obstructive bronchiolitis, and cough-variant asthma in this study. …

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Optimizing Combination Therapy for Primary Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma progresses with advancing disease stage. However, no standard treatment approach has been established. This single-center retrospective study evaluated clinical and radiological characteristics, treatment modalities, and long-term prognosis of pulmonary MALT lymphoma. METHODS: The study included 42 patients diagnosed with pulmonary MALT lymphoma between October 2004 and July 2019. Primary therapeutic modalities were determined using modified Ann Arbor staging. Therapeutic response was evaluated via computed tomography a

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… We classified CT findings according to the distribution of lung lesions as follows: (1) single nodular or consolidation, (2) multiple nodular or consolidation, (3) diffuse interstitial lung disease pattern, or (4) bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis [ 7 ]. … Lung involvement in the CT scan was classified as single nodule/consolidation in 45.2%, multiple nodules/consolidations in 38.1%, diffuse interstitial lung disease in 9.5%, and bronchiectasis/bronchiolitis pattern in 7.1% of patients. …

[Evaluation of respiratory tract function in healthy women in the last month of uncomplicated pregnancy].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this work was to examine the function of the respiratory system in pregnant women in the last month of non-complicated pregnancy. Spirometry with Lungtest 1000 was performed in 31 pregnant women at a mean gestational age of 37.72 weeks. In 24 of them the test was repeated after delivery (mean time from delivery = 39.40 days). The results were compared with a control group of 31 healthy non-pregnant resident of Szczecin. Prior to spirometry, all women underwent a physical examination with measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, body weight and height, chest and abdomin

Non-infectious pulmonary complications after haematopoietic progenitor transplantation: a diagnostic approach.

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is an established treatment for a wide variety of haematological diseases, both malignant and non-malignant. Infectious and non-infectious post-HCT pulmonary complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with non-infectious complications becoming more prominent in recent decades as prophylaxis has led to a decrease in infectious complications. Globally, these complications can be divided into three phases (neutropenic, early and late phase) depending on their time of onset in relation to the graft. There is a growing awareness that t

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… Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome epidemiology after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011;17:1072-8. 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.11.018 26. Yoshihara S, Yanik G, Cooke KR, et al. … Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), and other late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007;13:749-59. 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.05.001 27. …

Comparison of reduced-toxicity conditioning protocols using fludarabine, melphalan combined with thiotepa or carmustine in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

The age of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has increased during the last decades, mainly due to improved reduced-intensity/toxicity conditioning protocols. A reduced-intensity conditioning based on fludarabin, carmustin/BCNU and melphalan (FBM) has been previously developed at our institution. Since we observed detrimental effects in individual patients with compromised lung function, efforts have been made in order to replace BCNU by thiotepa (FTM) to reduce toxicity. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcome, GvHD incidence, lung func

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… obliterans (2×) Bronchiolitis obliterans Pulmonary failure CMV pneumonia Pneumothorax Table depicts cause of mortality by conditioning classified in relapse and non-relapse mortality including pulmonary and non-pulmonary causes. … Duque-Afonso J Ihorst G Wäsch R Bertz H Müller-Quernheim J Finke J Identification of risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after reduced toxicity conditioning before hematopoietic cell transplantation Bone Marrow Transpl 2013 48 1098 103 10.1038/bmt.2013.3 23376822 25. …

International Recommendations for Screening and Preventative Practices for Long-Term Survivors of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy: A 2023 Update.

As hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapy expand to new indications and international access improves, the number of HCTs performed annually continues to rise. Parallel improvements in HCT techniques and supportive care entails more patients surviving long term, creating further emphasis on survivorship needs. Survivors are at risk for developing late complications secondary to pretransplantation, peritransplantation, and post-transplantation exposures and other underlying risk factors. Guidelines for screening and preventive practices for HCT survivors were originally p

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… How I treat bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . Blood . 2017 ; 129 : 448 – 455 . 27856461 10.1182/blood-2016-08-693507 PMC5270387 103. … Bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . JAMA . 2009 ; 302 : 306 – 314 . 19602690 10.1001/jama.2009.1018 PMC7357209 105. …