Результаты поиска

Construction and characterization of a stable subgenomic dengue virus type 2 replicon system for antiviral compound and siRNA testing.

Self-replicating, non-infectious flavivirus subgenomic replicons have been broadly used in the studies of trans-complementation, adaptive mutation, viral assembly and packaging in Kunjin, yellow fever and West Nile viruses. We describe here the construction of subgenomic EGFP- or Renilla luciferase-reporter based dengue replicons of the type 2 New Guinea C (NGC) strain and the establishment of stable BHK21 cell lines harboring the replicons. In replicon cells, viral proteins and RNAs are stably expressed at levels similar to cells transfected with the full length NGC infectious RNA. Furthermor…

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of the anti-viral activity of N-[4-(1H(2H)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]alkylcarboxamides.

A series N-[4-(1H(2H)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]alkylcarboxamides (8e-k, 9e-i, k, l) and their parent amines (5a-c and 6a-d) were prepared according to Schemes (1 and 2). Compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of RNA (positive- and negative-sense) viruses, like [Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), Coxsackie Virus B (CVB-2), Polio Virus (Sb-1), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)] or double-stranded (dsRNA) virus, like Reoviridae (Reo-1). The Entero (CVB-2 and Sb-1) were th…

Towards the design of flavivirus helicase/NTPase inhibitors: crystallographic and mutagenesis studies of the dengue virus NS3 helicase catalytic domain.

Infectious diseases caused by flaviviruses are important emerging public health concerns and new vaccines and therapeutics are urgently need … is proposed to bind a nucleic acid duplex substrate. Comparison of the various copies of dengue and yellow fever virus NS3 NTPase/helicase catalytic domains reveals mobile regions of the enzyme. Such dynamic behaviour is likely to be coupled with directional translocation along the single strand nucleic acid substrate during strand separation. We used structur …

Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine interactions: effects on EEG and sleep in the common marmoset.

Following active service during the 1990/1991 Gulf conflict, a number of UK and US veterans presented with a diverse range of symptoms, collectively known as Gulf Veterans' Illnesses (GVI). The administration of vaccines and/or the pretreatment against possible nerve agent poisoning, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), given to Armed Forces personnel during the Gulf conflict has been implicated as a possible factor in the aetiology of these illnesses. The possibility that long-term health effects may result from the administration of these vaccines (anthrax, pertussis, plague, yellow fever, polio, ty…

[The birth of international health].

The Industrial Revolution having been well under way by the mid-19th century, epidemics of pestilential diseases, severe and affecting many people (bubonic plague, yellow fever and Asian cholera) were still spreading freely given that many countries either had no preventive laws at all or enforced them chaotically, whilst even the simplest information concerning the health situation was not made known to other neighboring States, thus favoring the epidemic's spread. Therefore, there was an almost anxious desire among most Nations to come up with an acceptable way of putting an end to the confu…

Structural basis of West Nile virus neutralization by a therapeutic antibody.

West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to the human epidemic-causing dengue, yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis viruses. In establishing infection these icosahedral viruses undergo endosomal membrane fusion catalysed by envelope glycoprotein rearrangement of the putative receptor-binding domain III (DIII) and exposure of the hydrophobic fusion loop. Humoral immunity has an essential protective function early in the course of West Nile virus infection. Here, we investigate the mechanism of neutralization by the E16 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds DIII. St…

Vaccines administered simultaneously: directions for new combination vaccines based on an historical review of the literature.

OBJECTIVES: The recognized benefits of administering vaccines simultaneously has encouraged vaccine producers to develop combination vaccine … nes worth reconsideration could fill epidemiologic niches in the EPI with, for instance, a measles--yellow fever, a measles--Japanese encephalitis or a pertussis-based paediatric combination rabies vaccine. Furthermore, other combinations could broaden protection against the pathogens responsible for meningitis, pneumonia, or enteric diseases. Nevertheless, co …

Report of the Meningitis Program of the International Scientific Working Group on TBE. Serological screening of patients with viral CNS-infection of unknown etiology in search of undiagnosed TBE cases.

The endemicity of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe is changing. Potential undetected or emerging TBEV foci and the risk of underdiagn … ve in NT, indicating unspecific reactivity. At least four of those patients were vaccinated against yellow fever. The probable reason for the reactivity seen in these individuals is the well-known cross-reactivity existing among flaviviruses.

The lethal effects of Cyperus iria on Aedes aegypti.

The sedge Cyperus iria, a common weed in rice, contains large amounts of the insect hormone (10R) juvenile hormone III (JH III). Given its widespread distribution in Asia and Africa, we examined the possibility that C. iria could be used as a safe, inexpensive, and readily available mosquito larvicide. Plants of varying ages were harvested and leaves tested for lethal effects on larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The median lethal doses (LD50s) for frozen leaves from 1- and 2-month-old plants were 267 and 427 mg/100 ml of water, respectively. Leaves from 1-month-old C. iria co…

MxA gene expression after live virus vaccination: a sensitive marker for endogenous type I interferon.

MxA gene expression is known to be regulated tightly and exclusively by type I interferons (IFNs). The kinetics of MxA gene expression was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 healthy volunteers vaccinated with the 17-D strain of yellow fever virus. A reliable induction of MxA RNA and MxA protein was found in the absence of easily detectable serum IFN activity. Thus, steady-state MxA RNA levels were elevated 8- to 30-fold above prevaccination levels on day 5 after vaccination. The average increase of MxA protein was approximately 50-fold. In contrast, no induction of MxA RNA …

Dibutyryl cAMP activates bumetanide-sensitive electrolyte transport in Malpighian tubules.

The effects of dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) and bumetanide (both 10(-4) M) on transepithelial Na+, K+, Cl-, and fluid secretion and on tubule electrophysiology were studied in isolated Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Peritubular DBcAMP significantly increased Na+, Cl-, and fluid secretion but decreased K+ secretion. In DBcAMP-stimulated tubules, bumetanide caused Na+, Cl-, and fluid secretion to return to pre-cAMP control rates and K+ secretion to decrease further. Peritubular bumetanide significantly increased Na+ secretion and decreas…

Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the nonstructural proteins of dengue type 2 virus, Jamaica genotype: comparative analysis of the full-length genome.

The sequence of the 5'-end of the genome of dengue 2 (Jamaica genotype) virus has been previously reported (V. Deubel, R. M. Kinney, and D. … 97, 68, 50, and 44% similarity with those of other dengue 2, dengue 1, or dengue 4, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses, respectively. Despite amino acid sequence divergence, the hydrophobic profile of the flavivirus proteins is highly conserved. Proteins NS1, NS3, and NS5 are the most conserved. Conserved amino acid stretches present in all flavivirus protei …

Case Report: Bloodstream infection due to Clostridium innocuum combined with Eggerthella lenta.

BACKGROUND: The co-infection of Clostridium innocuum and Eggerthella lenta in bloodstream is uncommon. The choice of clinical drugs with which to treat such co-infection is limited, which is worthy of study. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old male patient was admitted to the Department of General Surgery of Huashan Hospital on May, for further treatment after chemotherapy for liver metastases from rectal cancer. Laparoscopic anterior rectal resection under general anesthesia, laparoscopic sigmoid-rectal anastomosis, laparoscopic mesenteric lymphadenectomy, laparoscopic temporary ileostomy, and

Mosquito species abundance and diversity in Malindi, Kenya and their potential implication in pathogen transmission.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of human disease-causing pathogens. Mosquitoes are found both in rural and urban areas … f mosquito-borne diseases including malaria, bancroftian filariasis, and arboviruses (dengue fever, Yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, Chikungunya fever, and West Nile Virus). In conclusion, our findings provide useful information for the design of integrated mosquito and disease control programs in East African environments.

A live, attenuated recombinant West Nile virus vaccine.

West Nile (WN) virus is an important cause of febrile exanthem and encephalitis. Since it invaded the U.S. in 1999, >19,000 human cases have been reported. The threat of continued epidemics has spurred efforts to develop vaccines. ChimeriVax-WN02 is a live, attenuated recombinant vaccine constructed from an infectious clone of yellow fever (YF) 17D virus in which the premembrane and envelope genes of 17D have been replaced by the corresponding genes of WN virus. Preclinical tests in monkeys defined sites of vaccine virus replication in vivo. ChimeriVax-WN02 and YF 17D had similar biodistributi…

Structural genomics sheds light on protein functions and remote homologs across the insect tree of life.

Protein structure bridges the sequence-function relationship, enabling deep exploration of biological processes across diverse organisms. In … monstrated that these structurally identified cGLRs play a crucial role in antiviral defense in the yellow fever mosquito. Our findings highlight the significance of structural genomics for understanding protein function and evolution across the tree of life.

:: обнаружение молекулярных признаков резистентности к инсектицидам у населения Гаити < < Эйдес аегипти > > ( < < Диптера: кулицида > > ).

Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) — основной переносчик нескольких арбовирусов, имеющих большое значение для здоровья населения, включая вирус денге, вирус Зика, вирус Чикунгуньи и вирус желтой лихорадки. В Гаити эгипти комаров очень много и они связаны с передачей и распространением этих патогенов. По мере увеличения использования пестицидов для борьбы с комарами повышается давление селекции комаров, устойчивых к инсектицидам (IR), что снижает эффективность пестицидов и ведет к повышению риска постоянной передачи патогенов. С этой целью более эффективные стратегии оперативного контроля могут исп

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) mosquitoes are the primary vectors of several arboviruses of major public health importance, including dengue virus, Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and yellow fever virus. In Haiti, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes are highly abundant and linked to the transmission and spread of these pathogens. As the use of pesticides for control of mo…

Harnessing insect-derived oils for enhanced efficacy of plant-based repellents against disease-transmitting mosquitoes.

Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever pose a growing global health threat, worsened by resistance to synthetic pesticides. This study evaluated insect oils from Schistocerca gregaria, Ruspolia differens, and Macrotermes spp. as adjuvants in plant-based mosquito repellents. The formulations were tested for complete protection time (CPT) against Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from treated volunteers were analyzed. Incorporating insect oils doubled CPT compared to essential …

Repellent activity against Aedes aegypti and metabolomic profiling of Myrica gale L. essential oils from Irish boglands.

Bog myrtle (Myrica gale L.) is an ethnobotanically significant bogland plant with historic use as an insect repellent. Essential oils, hydro-distilled from bog myrtle leaves and fruits collected from four locations in Ireland, were analysed by GC-MS and tested for repellence against Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito. Contact (arm-in-cage) and spatial (Y-tube olfactometer) repellence assays were used. Commercial essential oils from M. gale, Myrtus communis and Syzygium aromaticum (clove oil) were also tested. The most effective bog myrtle essential oil in both assays was a Clevenger-hydr…

Conserved but mechanistically diverse piRNA defence against endogenous retroviruses in insects.

Defence systems against genetic mobile elements are highly adaptable, yet their long-term evolutionary stability remains unclear. To address this, we examined the conservation of Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)-mediated defence against envelope-carrying gypsy long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons across insects beyond Drosophila. We show that Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Anopheles stephensi (Asian malaria mosquito), as well as Tetragonula carbonaria (stingless bees), Acheta domesticus (house cricket) and Teleogryllus oceanicus (Pacific field cricket), all produce piRNAs targeti…