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Stem Cell Transplantation

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… Radiographic pattern Early recovery Mid recovery Late recovery Diffuse infiltrates •ARDS •Hemorrhagic alveolitis •Respiratory virus •Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis •Hemorrhagic alveolitis •CMV •Respiratory virus •PCP •Bronchiolitis obliterans or bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia … Also important noninfectious considerations are bronchiolitis obliterans or bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia. As for localized infiltrates, the same potential causes as during the earlier period are possible. …

The Clinical Use of Stem Cell Research in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Critical Analysis of Current Policies.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder affecting more than 200 million people around the world, resulting in three million deaths per year. COPD is characterized by the loss of lung tissue and airway remodelling, with chronic inflammation of the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma. The use of stem cells may lead to regenerative processes that address biological damage. However, this approach raises ethical issues that need to be considered in clinical trials using stem cell therapy, such as informed consent, patient recruitment and harm minimization, as w

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… All smokers have some degree of bronchiolitis but the causative mechanisms are still unclear. In non-smokers and particularly children, bronchiolitis usually results from bacterial or viral infection [ 12 ]. … Emphysema is characterized by the dilation and destruction of lung tissue beyond the terminal bronchioles. …

Optimal Delivery of Follow-Up Care After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant: Improving Patient Outcomes with a Multidisciplinary Approach.

The increasing indications for allogeneic stem-cell transplant in patients with hematologic malignancies and non-malignant diseases combined with improved clinical outcomes have contributed to increase the number of long-term survivors. However, survivors are at increased risk of developing a unique set of complications and late effects, besides graft-versus-host disease and disease relapse. In this setting, the management capacity of a single health-care provider can easily be overwhelmed. Thus, to provide appropriate survivorship care, a multidisciplinary approach for the long-term follow-up

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… COP, previously termed “bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia” (BOOP), is associated with restrictive alterations, secondary to interstitial deposition of fibroblasts within bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. 67 Restrictive lung disease is defined by PFTs reduction in FVC, total lung capacity … Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), and other late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. …

Global burden of lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) remain the world's leading infectious cause of death. This analysis from the Global Burden o … en younger than 5 years. METHODS: Mortality from LRIs, defined as physician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis, was estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model with data from vital registration, verbal autopsy, surveillance, and minimally invasive tissue sampling. The Bayesian meta-regression tool DisMod-MR 2.1 was used to model overall morbidity due t …

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are a major global contributor to morbidity and mortality. In 2020-21, non-pharmaceutical in … timated mortality, incidence, and aetiology attribution for LRI, defined by the GBD as pneumonia or bronchiolitis, not inclusive of COVID-19. We analysed 26 259 site-years of mortality data using the Cause of Death Ensemble model to estimate LRI mortality rates. We analysed all available age-specific and sex-specific data sources, including published literature …

Description of the outcomes of prior authorization of palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a managed care organization.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young chil … containing either a primary or secondary ICD-9-CM code for any of the following: RSV (079.6), acute bronchiolitis caused by RSV (466.11), or pneumonia caused by RSV (480.1). Drug cost was defined as the health plan's allowed amount, which is based on a predefined fee schedule for the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 90378 for palivizumab. Hospital and …

Paracetamol and ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children: the PITCH randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To establish the relative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of paracetamol plus ibuprofen compared with paracetamol … and one-third by day 5. Five (3%) children were admitted to hospital, two with pneumonia, two with bronchiolitis and one with a severe, but unidentified 'viral illness'. CONCLUSIONS: Young children who are unwell with fever should be treated with ibuprofen first, but the relative risks (inadvertently exceeding the maximum recommended dose) and benefits (extra …

Heliox for croup in children.

BACKGROUND: Croup is thought to be triggered by a viral infection and is characterised by respiratory distress due to upper airway inflammat … ation has shown therapeutic benefit in initial treatment of acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and may prevent morbidity and mortality in ventilated neonates. Heliox has been used during emergency transport of children with severe croup and anecdotal evidence suggests that heliox relieves respiratory distress. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effe …

Pseudomonas bronchopulmonary infections in a palliative care setting.

Blood stream infections and pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with high mortality, especially in an immunocompromised host. A large section of the palliative care patient population has varied forms of compromised immunity due to advanced cancer or cancer treatment, organ failures, chronic autoimmune disorders, degenerative conditions, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The lung is one of the most frequently involved organs in a variety of complications in an immunocompromised host and infection is the most common complication. P. aeruginosa is one of the most commo

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… Early in the course of pyogenic bronchitis and bronchiolitis in an immunocompromised host, a conventional chest radiograph fails to show any abnormality. Extensive bronchiolitis may create an apparent interstitial pattern of reticulonodular opacities that represent impacted bronchioles. … High-resolution chest CT is the most sensitive and specific radiographic test for detecting inflammatory changes in bronchi and bronchioles. …

Multiple cystic lung disease.

Multiple cystic lung disease represents a diverse group of uncommon disorders that can present a diagnostic challenge due to the increasing number of diseases associated with this presentation. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest helps to define the morphological aspects and distribution of lung cysts, as well as associated findings. The combination of appearance upon imaging and clinical features, together with extrapulmonary manifestations, when present, permits confident and accurate diagnosis of the majority of these diseases without recourse to open-lung biopsy. The main dise

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… Cysts may develop in and around PLCH lesions, and are thought to represent airway lumina that enlarge as a result of bronchiole wall inflammation, cavitary granulomas (probably corresponding to cellular lesions surrounding dilated bronchioles), coalescence of adjacent affected airways, and paracicatricial … Cysts are uncommon and can occur in follicular bronchiolitis and, rarely, in patients with constrictive bronchiolitis [ 96 ]. …

Respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies.

In the USA and other western nations, respiratory syncytial virus is one of the most commonly encountered respiratory viruses among patients who have been diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy or who have undergone a stem cell transplant. Multiple studies have been performed to evaluate the complications associated with respiratory syncytial virus infections. Other studies have evaluated therapeutic agents and strategies in which these agents can be used. There have also been numerous reports of outbreaks in bone marrow transplant units and oncology wards, where infection control measures ha

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… In comparison, lung transplant recipients who are infected with respiratory viruses are at increased of risk of developing bronchiolitis obliterans, with an associated mortality of up to 29%. 65 Similarly, HCT recipients with prior respiratory viral infections were more likely to develop bronchiolitis … Predictive value of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome stage 0p in chronic graft-versus-host disease of the lung. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21(6):1127–1131. 65. Khalifah AP, Hachem RR, Chakinala MM, et al. …

Rituximab-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A Possible Underestimated Complication-A Systematic Review.

Background: Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, has revolutionized the management of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and some immune conditions, significantly improving disease control and patient survival. Beyond its indisputable therapeutic benefits, rituximab can cause serious pulmonary adverse events, particularly interstitial lung disease (R-ILD). Diagnosing R-ILD is challenging due to nonspecific clinical and imagistic features, and its true incidence is possibly underestimated. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to synthesize current evidence on R-ILD, focusing

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… Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after rituximab therapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Hematol. Oncol. 2006 24 234 237 10.1002/hon.799 16948177 45. Alexandrescu D.T. Dutcher J.P. O’Boyle K. Albulak M. Oiseth S. Wiernik P.H. … Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma following R-CHOP and pegylated filgrastim Leuk. Lymphoma 2005 46 1523 1526 10.1080/10428190500144615 16194900 52. Renner C. 20 years of rituximab treatment: What have we learnt? …

Immune-Mediated Dermatoses in Patients with Haematological Malignancies: A Comprehensive Review.

Haematological malignancies induce important alterations of the immune system, which account for the high frequency of autoimmune complications observed in patients. Cutaneous immune-mediated diseases associated with haematological malignancies encompass a heterogeneous group of dermatoses, including, among others, neutrophilic and eosinophilic dermatoses, autoantibody-mediated skin diseases, vasculitis and granulomatous dermatoses. Some of these diseases, such as paraneoplastic pemphigus, are associated with an increased risk of death; others, such as eosinophilic dermatoses of haematological

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… The presence of anti-envoplakin antibodies, a toxic epidermal necrolysis-like clinical pattern, a BP-like clinical pattern and bronchiolitis obliterans is significantly associated with a poor disease outcome [ 162 ]. … Achievement of the longest survival of paraneoplastic pemphigus with bronchiolitis obliterans associated with follicular lymphoma using R-CHOP chemotherapy. Int J Hematol. 2017;106:852–859. doi: 10.1007/s12185-017-2305-2. 162. …

Developing role of B cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic GVHD.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major complication affecting the long-term survival of patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The mechanism of cGVHD is unclear, and while previous studies have primarily focused on T cells, the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of cGVHD has been less reported. However, current studies on cGVHD are increasingly focused on the important role of B cells. In this review, we will introduce the newest studies and examine the role of B cells in cGVHD in detail with respect to the following aspects: altered B cell subpopula

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… Recently Kolupaev et al ( 2018 ) found decreased numbers of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), pro‐, pre‐ and immature B cells in BM of the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) mouse model of cGVHD, and reported that B‐cell development is disrupted due to the aberrant B cell progenitors niche. … 2010-07-295766 Kuzmina , Z. , Krenn , K. , Petkov , V. , Kormoczi , U. , Weigl , R. , Rottal , A. , Kalhs , P. , Mitterbauer , M. , Ponhold , L. , Dekan , G. , Greinix , H.T. & Pickl , W.F. ( 2013 ) CD19(+)CD21(low) B cells and patients at risk for NIH‐defined chronic graft‐versus‐host disease with bronchiolitis …

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Our current knowledge of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) predates improved specificity in the diagnosis of IPS and advances in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and critical care practices. In this study, we describe and update the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of IPS. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all adults who underwent allogeneic HCT at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center between 2006 and 2013 (n = 1829). IPS was defined using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute consensus definition: multilobar airspace opacities on chest imaging, absence

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… Bronchiolitis obliterans and other late onset non-infectious pulmonary complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001;28(5):425–434. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703142. 2. Fukuda T., Hackman R.C., Guthrie K.A. … Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), and other late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. …

[A novel molecular marker for thrombus formation and life prognosis--clinical usefulness of measurement of soluble fibrin monomer-fibrinogen complex (SF)].

For a long time fibrinopeptide A(FPA), fibrinopeptide B(FPB), D-dimer, FM test, serum FDP, and thrombin anti-thrombin complex(TAT) are being … jury (bone fracture), cerebral hemorrhage, enterocolitis, Appendicitis, lung cancer, larynx cancer, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia(BOOP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), sepsis. The SF levels in PASC patients are significantly higher than those in SP patients (p < 0.001). Otherwise, there is no significant difference of the CRP level …

Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

BACKGROUND: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. METHODS: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification o…

Chemotherapy-induced pulmonary complications in cancer: Significance of clinicoradiological correlation.

Chemotherapy while revolutionizing cancer management by improving survival and quality of life; is also associated with several adverse effects. Lung is the most common organ affected in chemotherapy-related complications, due to either drug toxicity or more commonly due to infections caused by immunosuppression and less commonly due to immune-mediated injury. Radiology, when used in combination with clinical and lab data, can help reach the specific diagnosis or narrow down the differentials. The common radiological patterns of drug toxicity include pulmonary interstitial and airway infiltrat

SUBJECT INDEX Volume 125 (JANUARY–JUNE, 2004)

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… myocardial infarction with shortness of breath, 1577 woman with chronic, unproductive cough and left lower lobe lung mass, 1148 woman with COPD and fixed and dilated pupil following head trauma, 305 Acetylcysteine, N-, oral, elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in rats, 1500 Achalasia, diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis … , diffuse: See Bronchiolitis Aspiration pneumonia: See Pneumonia, aspiration Asthma: See also Pulmonary diseases, chronic obstructive; a school-based case identification process for identifying inner city children with: the Breathmobile program, 924 acute exacerbation, measuring health-related quality …

[Chinese expert consensus on the pathological diagnosis of interstitial lung disease with transbronchial lung cryobiopsy specimens].

Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is an applicable technique that can provide a histologic diagnosis of interstitial lung disease(ILD). The general sample size of TBLC is much smaller than that of surgical lung biopsy (SLB), which raises more concerns about the procedure's diagnostic accuracy. A guiding consensus and guidelines on the pathological procedure of ILD with TBLC are required to better guide pathologists in diagnostic practice. The Respiratory Pathology Working Group of the Respiratory Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Thoracic Diseases Group of