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IDO (indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase) expression and function in the CNS.

From an immunological perspective the placenta is an allograft and therefore requires a special immune suppressive status termed immune priv … of IDO in the CNS, we performed blockade experiments using actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease which correlates to the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Inhibition of IDO activity by daily subcutaneous administration of the specific IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan during EAE significantly …

MR features of diseases involving bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Distribution of lesions or involvement of specific anatomic sites can suggest the diagnosis of disease. The purpose … , demyelinating and inflammatory diseases (n = 4 [15%]: multiple sclerosis, one; acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, one; Behçet disease, one; and HIV encephalopathy, one), and neoplasms (n = 3 [11%]: lymphoma, one; glioma, one; meningeal carcinomatosis, one). All patients showed symmetrical T2 hyperintensity in both MCPs, except for one with malignant lymphoma. …

Inside-Out versus Outside-In models for virus induced demyelination: axonal damage triggering demyelination.

The primary target in multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be either myelin itself (myelinopathy) or the myelin-forming cell, the oligoden … h oligodendrocyte apoptosis also precedes demyelination in an animal model for MS, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection. This implies that axonal injury could trigger demyelination. In this instance, lesions develop from the axon (inside) to the myelin (outside) (Inside-Out model).

[Viral agents in patients with infectious processes of the central nervous system].

Local statistics report a great number of cases of neurological diseases of unidentified cause. The purpose of this research was to determin … were obtained for the research. We determined serum IgM and CSF IgG specific for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), Herpes simplex (HSV), Epstein Barr (EBV), Dengue, Rubella and Measles virus, through ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Of the 54 samples studied, 33 (61.11%) were positive. %). The etiological agents implicated were VEE 14 cas …

Theiler's virus-infected L-selectin-deficient mice have decreased infiltration of CD8(+) T lymphocytes in central nervous system but clear the virus.

Mice with targeted deletion of L-selectin gene (L-sel(-/-)) were used to investigate the role of adhesion molecule in immunologic responses following virus infection in the central nervous system (CNS). L-Sel(-/-) mice from a resistant H-2(b) genetic background and parental wild-type H-2(b) (C57BL/6) mice were infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) intracerebrally and the kinetics of virus replication and infiltration of immune cells in the CNS determined. The levels of infectious TMEV, as measured by plaque assay at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after infection were between 4 a…

Beta7 integrins contribute to demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.

A role for alpha4 integrins in different forms of the multiple sclerosis-like disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been demonstrated, but the individual contributions of alpha4beta1, alpha4beta7, and the related alphaEbeta7 integrin have not been determined. The P7 integrins alpha4beta7 and alphaEbeta7 play a central role in chronic inflammation, mediating the trafficking, entry, and/or adhesion of lymphocytes in the inflamed pancreas and gut, and their ligands MAdCAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-cadherin are expressed on brain endothelial cells and/or on microvessels in the inflamed…

Usage of Vbeta3.3 T-cell receptor by myelin basic protein-specific encephalitogenic T-cell lines in the Lewis rat.

T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain usage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) seems to be much more heterogeneous than previously assumed even for a single autoantigen in an inbred animal strain. Owing to the lack of suitable antibodies, this has been demonstrated only at the RNA level so far. To characterize further the TCR elements used in the Lewis rat for the recognition of the main encephalitogenic region of myelin basic protein (MBP), BALB/c mice were immunized with T-cell hybridomas expressing non-Vbeta8.2 TCR specific for guinea pig MBP peptide aa 68-88. Two B-cell hybridom…

An alpha-chain TCR CDR3 peptide can enhance EAE induced by myelin basic protein or proteolipid protein.

Regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be induced by anti-idiotype immunity against T cell receptor (TCR) fragments associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. However, we have recently found that preimmunization with an alpha-chain TCR CDR3 peptide (LYFCAARSNYQL) derived from myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific clones did not suppress but rather augmented the severity of EAE induced by MBP-specific T cells in SJL/J mice. To test whether CDR3 vaccination could control only a highly restricted T cell population, we studied the effect of the pepti…

A predominant viral epitope recognized by T cells from the periphery and demyelinating lesions of SJL/J mice infected with Theiler's virus is located within VP1(233-244).

The intracerebral inoculation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) into susceptible strains of mice results in a chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating disease that shares many features with human multiple sclerosis. As with human MS, T lymphocytes seem to be critically important for the pathogenesis of this virally induced, demyelinating disease. Therefore, determining the fine specificity of the T cell response may be essential for elucidating the mechanism(s) involved in demyelination. By using fusion proteins and synthetic peptides, we have initially identified a region withi…

Lyme disease: a neuropsychiatric illness.

OBJECTIVE: Lyme disease is a multisystemic illness that can affect the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurologic and psychiatric symp … e. Early signs include meningitis, encephalitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculoneuropathies. Later, encephalomyelitis and encephalopathy may occur. A broad range of psychiatric reactions have been associated with Lyme disease including paranoia, dementia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, major depression, anorexia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive di …

Brain lesions in chronic granulomatous disease.

In chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) enzyme-deficient neutrophils and mononuclear cells lack the respiratory burst required for biocidal a … macrophages; (ii) previous infections due to sepsis or embolism; or (iii) possibly post-infectious encephalomyelitis. The more diffuse, mild, white matter lesions are attributed to edema. Evidence for MS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, or human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis was lacking. This case is presented to alert us to look more carefully f …

Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors. Part 7: Active immunization of patients with anaplastic human glioma cells: a pilot study.

Twenty patients with malignant gliomas were selected for active immunization within 4 weeks following surgery. Each patient had a Karnofsky … ns, Karnofsky Functional Ratings, and studies of general immune competence. No evidence of allergic encephalomyelitis was noted clinically, nor was any gross or microscopic evidence of such pathology obtained upon autopsy of three of these patients. Serial studies of general immune competence showed no alterations from those previously described with non-immunized …

Sporadic bovine meningo-encephalitis-isolation of a paramyxovirus.

Isolation of a viral agent (107) directly from brain explants of a 15-month-old heifer with symptoms of a sporadic encephalomyelitis is described. The virus shares properties with the paramyxovirus family. It grows in a variety of cell cultures from different species, and induces nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in infected cells. Nucleocapsids measuring 17 nm in diameter were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells when studied electron microscopically, thus indicating a close relationship of the agent to the measles-distemper-rinderpest group. No infectious virus was releas…

Approach to Fatigue in Primary Care: A Practical Diagnostic Framework for General Practitioners.

Fatigue is one of the most common presenting complaints in primary care and poses a significant diagnostic challenge due to its multifactori … ish from 2010 onwards. Search terms included "fatigue," "primary care," "chronic fatigue," "myalgic encephalomyelitis," "post-viral fatigue," "sleep disorders," and "functional somatic syndromes." Seminal references predating 2010 were retained where no suitable replacement was available. This review did not employ a formal systematic search strategy, and no risk-o …

Исправленный вариант: IL-12 p40 Monomer отличается от других IL-12 членов семьи на выборочно Inhibit IL-12Rβ1 Internalization and Concepting EAE.

Множественный склероз (MS) — самая распространенная болезнь человека, обезвоживающая CNS. Семья IL-12 состоит из четырех членов: IL-12 (p40:p35), IL-23 (p40:p19), p40 мономера (p40) и p40 гомодимера (p402). Поскольку все четыре члена содержат p40 в различных формах, важно использовать специальные моноклонные антитела (mAb) для характеристики этих молекул. Здесь, используя такой mAb, мы описываем выборочную потерю p40 в сыворотке пациентов с MS по сравнению со здоровым контролем. Аналогичным образом, мы также заметили сокращение p40 и увеличение IL-12, IL-23 и p402 в сыворотке мышей с экспериме

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common human demyelinating disease of the CNS. The IL-12 family of cytokines has four members which are … decrease in p40 and increase in IL-12, IL-23 and p402 in serum of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, as compared to control mice. Interestingly, weekly supplementation of mouse and human recombinant p40 ameliorated clinical symptoms and disease progression of EAE. On the other hand, IL-12, IL-23 and p402 did not exhibi …

Minocycline ameliorates CNS autoimmunity through restraint of CD4+CD11bc+ cells.

Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic with profound anti-inflammatory activity directed primarily against microglial cells and macrophage … oped CNS inflammation. To this end, an animal model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), was used and minocycline was applied at the peak of the disease. The treatment led to immediate reduction of EAE clinical signs, and also to reduction of overall EAE clinical course severity. The effect of minocycline at the peak of EAE was p …

SARS-CoV-2 infection of substantia nigra pars compacta induces expression of miR-330-5p at 10 days post-infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been linked to several neurological symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (C … There was no significant difference in miR-330-5p expression levels in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice compared to control mice, demonstrating a crucial role for SARS-CoV-2-induced miR-330-5p in brain pathology. Our study uncovers for the first time that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the SNpc and downregulate miR-330-5p expression levels, causing an enh …

Case Report: The intersection of psychiatry and medicine: diagnostic and ethical insights from case studies.

The intersection of psychiatry and medicine presents unique diagnostic and ethical challenges, particularly for conditions involving signifi … ased guidelines that neglect individual patient needs. Misclassification of conditions like myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), Lyme disease, and fibromyalgia as psychosomatic or psychogenic has led to stigmatization and delayed care. While these conditions are referenced as emblematic examples of misclassified and poorly understood disorde …

С16 пептид и ангиопоетин-1 смягчают побочные эффекты глюкокортикоидов в множественной склерозовой модели крыс.

Природные глюкокортикоиды (ГГ) широко используются для лечения острых множественных склерозов (МС). Однако они также вызывают значительные побочные эффекты, связанные с иммунодепрессией. Наше предыдущее исследование показало, что Пептид С16 в сочетании с ангиопойетином-1 (Анг-1) интенсифицировал воспалительную инфильтрацию клеток и защищенные кровеносные сосуды в животных моделей воспалительных нейродегенеративных заболеваний. МЕТОДЫ: В Льюисских крысах была разработана экспериментальная модель острого аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита для изучения воздействия этих препаратов на НР. Сто крыс были

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Natural glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used to treat acute multiple sclerosis (MS) attacks. However, they also cause sig … nimal models of inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: An acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model was established in Lewis rats to explore the effects of these drugs on MS. One hundred rats were equally and randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, vehicle, low-dose methylprednisolone (MP), high-dose MP, and C16 + Ang-1 (C+A). Hi …

Иммунорегулирующий амфипатический песптид, полученный из молекулы защиты фасиолы гепатики (FhHDM-1.C2), демонстрирует мощную биотерапевтическую активность в мусриновой модели множественного склероза.

Молекулярные защитные молекулы (HDM) — семейство иммунных регуляционных пептидов, которые выражаются исключительно триматодными червями. Ранее мы продемонстрировали, что в vivo FhHDM-1, архетипный член HDM, регулировала макрофагическую реакцию на подстрекательские лиганды, тем самым облегчая процесс повреждения иммунной ткани в нескольких мусриновых моделях воспалительных заболеваний. Соответственно, мы исходили из того, что понимание взаимосвязи между структурой и функцией НДМ облегчило бы идентификацию минимального биоактивного пептида, который представлял бы собой более синтезируемый, эконо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The helminth defense molecules (HDM) are a family of immune regulatory peptides exclusively expressed by trematode worms. We have previously … th FhHDM-1, and potent prevention of the progression of relapsing-remitting-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. The protective effect of FhHDM-1.C2 is not associated with global immune suppression, which places the HDMs peptides as an improved class of biotherapeutics for the treatment of inflammato …