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Elezanumab, a clinical stage human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets repulsive guidance molecule A to promote neuroregeneration and neuroprotection in neuronal injury and demyelination models.

Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is a potent inhibitor of axonal growth and a regulator of neuronal cell death. It is up-regulated follo … soluble RGMa in vitro and blocks membrane RGMa mediated BMP signaling. In the optic nerve crush and optic neuritis models, elezanumab promotes axonal regeneration and prevents retinal nerve fiber layer degeneration. In the spinal targeted experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, elezanumab promotes axonal regeneration and remyelination, decreases i …

Damage of the lateral geniculate nucleus in MS: Assessing the missing node of the visual pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To study if the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is affected in multiple sclerosis (MS) due to anterograde degeneration from optic neuritis (ON) or retrograde degeneration from optic radiation (OR) pathology, and if this is relevant for visual function. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, LGN volume of 34 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 33 matched healthy controls (HC) was assessed on MRI using atlas-based automated segmentation (MAGeT). ON history, thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL), OR lesion volume, and fractional anisotropy (FA) …

[Exploration of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction formula syndromes based on severe cases of critical care and its application for nosocomial infection in critical care medicine including hyperpyrexia after tracheotomy and severe pain accompanied by acute myocardial infarction and diabetic peripheral neuropathy].

Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction recorded in Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty have been widely used in treating Yang deficiency and exogenous wind-cold syndrome by traditional Chinese medicine physicians for thousands of years. The indications of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction include bradyarrhythmia,sinus bradycardia,sick sinus node syndrome,senile exogenous,asthmatic cold,rhinitis,bronchial asthma,optic neuritis,optic atrophy,sudden blindness,sudden onset of cough,laryngeal obstruction,migraine,joint pain,low back pain,insomnia,shock,heart failure,renal failure,ac…

Immunoadsorption plasmapheresis treatment for the recurrent exacerbation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with a fluctuating anti-aquaporin-4 antibody level.

The pathogenesis in the exacerbation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) involves mainly the serum anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) imm … t that time, the anti-AQP4 antibody was not detected, although MRI revealed the recurrence of right optic neuritis. A second IAPP course with seven sessions was conducted with a concomitant administration of 1000 mg methylprednisolone every 10 days for 30 days. Ocular pain improved, although VA OD had continued to decline during these treatments and was eventual …

Consistent induction of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice for the longitudinal study of pathology and repair.

BACKGROUND: While many groups use experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model to uncover therapeutic targets and understand t … ncidence and a consistent, reliable disease course. The resulting pathology is MS-like and includes optic neuritis, perivascular mononuclear infiltration, CNS axon demyelination, and axon damage in both infiltrating lesions and otherwise normal-appearing white matter. CONCLUSIONS: By providing a detailed active MOG35-55-EAE protocol that yields consistent and r …

The clinical spectrum of microcystic macular edema.

PURPOSE: Microcystic macular edema (MME), originally described in British literature as microcystic macular oedema (MMO), defines microcysts … etinal membranes, postoperative lesions, diabetic retinopathy, vascular occlusion, MS (with/without optic neuritis), optic neuropathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, medication, and miscellaneous causes. The longitudinal pattern of MME was transient (84%) or static. Microcystic macular edema could be associated with an increase or decrease in INL thickness an …

The electrical response of the human eye to patterned stimuli: clinical observations.

Following the first recording of electroretinographic responses in man to a barred pattern by Riggs and associates (1964) in normal and by L … ude changes in the PERG are primary macular dystrophy, diabetic retinopathy, and the acute stage of optic neuritis. In all these cases the Ganzfeld LERG may be normal or nearly normal, whereas the PERG undergoes typical changes. On the contrary a highly preserved PERG can be recorded in cases of retinitis pigmentosa where the electrooculogram light rise and the …

Neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate blood-brain barrier disruption in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by recurrent optic neuritis and myelitis. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a key pathological feature of NMOSD, but the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in this process remains poorly defined. Serum proteomic profiling in patients with acute NMOSD revealed enrichment of the NET formation pathway. Neutrophils from these patients showed an increased propensity for NETosis, accompanied by elevated myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes, neutrophil elast…

Beyond Neuroretinitis: A Multi-Centre Study of Bartonella-Associated Uveitis.

PURPOSE: To characterise the spectrum of clinical presentations of Bartonella-associated uveitis across multiple tertiary uveitis centres an … euroretinitis was present in 35 (50.0%) eyes. Non-classical manifestations were common and included optic neuritis (34.3%), multifocal retinitis (30.0%), isolated papillitis (24.3%), retinal vascular occlusion (18.6%), and multifocal choroiditis (11.4%). CONCLUSION: Non-neuroretinitis manifestations of Bartonella-associated uveitis comprise a substantial propor …

Seronegative demyelinating disease within the neuromyelitis optica/MOG antibody-associated disease spectrum following nivolumab and ipilimumab: A case report and literature review.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in the treatment of advanced malignancies and have been associated with a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We present the case of a 65-year-old woman who developed a series of neurological complications, including autoimmune encephalitis, myelitis, and optic neuritis, following treatment with nivolumab and ipilimumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. The clinical and radiological findings supported a diagnosis within the seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder/myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibod…

Disproportionality analysis of adverse events associated with ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy based on FAERS database.

The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as ipilimumab and nivolumab, has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly … d significant AEs were identified, including thyrotoxic crisis, diabetes insipidus, immune-mediated optic neuritis, cystitis, eyelid ptosis, complete atrioventricular block, etc. The highest frequency of AEs occurred within the first 30 days of treatment (38.1%), with a decrease in incidence over time, as indicated by the Weibull Shape Parameter (WSP) test. Thes …

Декодирование автономного иммунитета: распознает нейромиэлит оптику и ее связь с другими аутоиммунными неврологическими расстройствами.

Оптика нейромиелита (NMO) является редким, но изнурительным аутоиммунным заболеванием, характеризующимся сильным приступом оптического невравита и поперечного миелита, что часто приводит к значительным неврологическим расстройствам. Автоантиорганы, предназначенные для аквапорина-4 (AQP4) и миэлина олигодендроцита гликпротеина (MOG), играют важнейшую роль в патогенезе болезней, а терапевтические стратегии, включающие иммунодепрессивную терапию и новые биологи, используются для борьбы с заболеваниями и предотвращения рецидивов. Хотя исследования указывают на возможное дублирование между НМО и др

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare but debilitating autoimmune condition characterized by severe attacks of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, often resulting in significant neurological disability. Autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) play critical roles in disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic str…

Множественные проявления, похожие на склероз, в системных аутоиммунных и подстрекательских расстройствах: обновление.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (MS) - наиболее признанное аутоиммунное демиелионирующее заболевание CNS, характеризующееся нейроинфламмацией, потерей миелина и аксоновым повреждением. Из-за клинического совпадения нескольких расстройств, таких, как системные аутоиммунные заболевания (САД), которые могут быть очень похожи на MS, диагностический процесс может быть сложным. СПА с участием CNS могут иметь такие неврологические симптомы, как поперечный миэлит, оптический неврит и повреждения белой материи. Такая диагностическая неопределенность приводит к значительному снижению степени неправильно

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most recognized CNS autoimmune demyelinating disease, characterized by neuroinflammation, myeli … ging. SADs with CNS involvement can present with neurological symptoms such as transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, and white matter lesions. This diagnostic uncertainty contributes to a significant rate of misdiagnosis which can lead to improper treatment, worsening symptoms, and increasing disability. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we discuss the physiology o …

Neurological disorders following the use of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFis) are used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study … ination [ROR (95% CI): 1.69 (1.33,2.15)], meningitis listeria [ROR (95% CI): 5.05 (3.52,7.25)], and optic neuritis [ROR (95% CI): 1.72 (1.3,2.26)]. The signals for adalimumab were gait disturbance [ROR (95% CI): 1.43 (1.32,1.56)] and muscular weakness [ROR (95% CI): 1.4 (1.27,1.55)]. A peripheral neuropathy signal was found for adalimumab [ROR (95% CI): 1.34 (1. …

Neuroprotective effects of Gypenosides: A review on preclinical studies in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino is a perennial creeping herb belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family that has a long history of usage … ic disorders like depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, secondary dementia, stroke, optic neuritis, etc. Pharmacological studies have discovered that gypenosides can modulate various major signaling pathways like NF-κB, Nrf2, AKT, ERK1/2, contributing to the neuroprotective properties. However, there is a dearth of clinical research on gypenoside …

Brain and spinal cord atrophy in NMOSD and MOGAD: Current evidence and future perspectives.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe form of inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) including acute myelitis, optic neuritis and brain syndrome. Currently, the classification of NMOSD relies on serologic testing, distinguishing between seropositive or seronegative anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4) status. However, the situation has recently grown more intricate with the identification of patients exhibiting the NMOSD phenotype and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOGAD). NMOSD is primarily recognized as a relapsing disorder; MOGAD can manifest with…

A Case of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease in a Pediatric Patient: Clinical Presentation, Treatment Response, and Follow-Up Considerations.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) is a rare autoimmune demyelinating disorder that targets the central nervous system and is characterized by antibodies that act against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). This disorder typically manifests with symptoms such as optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, or encephalitis, leading to symptoms such as vision loss, muscle weakness, sensory disturbances, and cognitive impairment. We present the case of a 10-year-old male who was eventually diagnosed with MOGAD after consideration of several other neurological and musculos…

Formative evaluation of an exercise training program for persons with multiple sclerosis who are wheelchair users.

Exercise training is an effective and safe second-line therapy for improving multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms and disease progression among … d on minor considerations such as avoiding the color red as it can be an issue for individuals with optic neuritis. Among quantitative evaluation survey ratings, coaching calls were rated the highest 4.7 ± 0.4 on a 5-point scale, followed by the exercise prescription (4.4 ± 0.8) and fitness tracker (4.3 ± 0.9). Focus group participants provided invaluable feedba …

Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections.

Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses predominantly transmitted by arthropods (mainly mosquitoes) that cau … lusive of vitritis, chorioretinitis, and retinal vasculitis), maculopathy, retinal hemorrhages, and optic neuritis. Clinical diagnosis of these infectious diseases is primarily based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. Diagnosis confirmation relies on laboratory testing, including RT-PCR and serol …