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The varying neuroradiological manifestations of pediatric dengue central nervous system infection: a pictorial review from Pakistan with literature correlation.

Dengue infection is an increasingly recognized cause of neurological complications in children, with a wide and evolving spectrum of central … e matter injury includes acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which differ in their diffusion characteristics and temporal relationship to infection. Reversible edema syndromes include reversible splenial lesion syndrome and the less commonly reported posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, both associa …

Post-licensure safety surveillance of 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine using the vaccine adverse event reporting system, 2014-2024.

BACKGROUND: On December 10, 2014, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine (9vHPV) for prev … zziness postural, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), premature menopause and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Deaths (N = 57) were rare and most lacked sufficient medical documentation to establish causality. CONCLUSION: The safety profile of 9vHPV over its first decade of use remains consistent with pre-licensure data, with most AEs being nonserio …

Histamine H4 receptor in neuroinflammation: Dual roles in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.

Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's dis … roinflammatory processes underlying MS and PD. In the context of MS and its experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, H4R activation promotes NF-κB signaling and upregulates pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α and IL-6, thereby driving the differentiation of pathogenic T-helper subsets (Th1, Th9, and Th17) and exacerbating disease pathology. Par …

Kv1.3 Channel Blockade by Dalfampridine Attenuates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Driven Demyelination via the NEK7/Ripk1/FADD Pathway, Matching the Efficacy of Broad P2X7 Antagonism by Suramin in EAE.

The loss of intracellular K+ facilitated by different channels such as Panx1, TWIK2, or Kv1.3, is a danger signal that activates programmed cell death in oligodendrocytes via NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in multiple sclerosis (MS). ATP triggers P2X7 purinergic receptors, which coordinate TWIK-2 and Panx-1 channels. Given this hierarchical signaling architecture, the present study postulated that strategic Kv1.3 intervention using Dalfampridine (Dal) could mirror comprehensive P2X7 blockade with Suramin (Sur) in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as MS animal model. EAE mi…

Neuropilins in Multiple Sclerosis: Dual Roles of NRP-1 in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection.

Neuropilins (NRPs), particularly NRP-1, are multifunctional co-receptors involved in neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective processes. Altered NRP expression has been observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and peripheral circulation, suggesting early involvement in disease progression. This review addresses the dual role of NRPs in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), emphasizing expression patterns, signaling pathways, and therapeutic interventions. NRP-1 is expressed by endothelial cells, microglia, and macrophages, while Sema3A, a key ligand, is produced by reactive a…

Increased Ih Current Is Associated with Reduced Hippocampal CA1 Excitability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration, often accompanied by cognitive and emotional impairments. To investigate neuronal alterations associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, we investigated intrinsic excitability and synaptic properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in acute hippocampal slices from presymptomatic and symptomatic female EAE mice and complete Freund's adjuvant-treated controls.…

Microglial 5-LOX-activating protein antagonism alleviates leukotriene-driven neuroinflammation.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), the chronic, unresolved nature of neuroinflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) remains a major obst … orates disease severity and spinal cord inflammatory gene expression in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, an animal model of MS, in both a prophylactic and therapeutic settings. This coincided with reduced local LTB4 biosynthesis and reduced levels of inflammatory monocytes within the spinal cord during EAE. Together these findings establis …

Ига Недостаток Экспериментирует животную модель множественного склероза, вызванного вирусом Тейлера.

Множественный склероз (MS) — иммунозащитное заболевание, характеризующееся воспалительным демиэлированием и аксонным дегенерацией в центральной нервной системе (CNS) и связанное с вирусными инфекциями. Инфекция Murine ensphalomyelitis (TMEV) у мышей SJL/J широко используется в качестве вирусной модели MS, поскольку мыши, инфицированные TMEV, развивают MS-подобные обезвоживанию и аксоналовую дегенерацию с вирусной стойкостью в CNS. В модели TMEV мы ранее демонстрировали регулирование генов, связанных с иммуноглобулином (Ig), в CNS, а также осаждение игА и инфильтрацию клеток в демиелионирующих

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) and has been linked to viral infections. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection in SJL/J mice has been widely used as a viral model of MS, since TMEV-infected mice develop MS-like dem…

An Intracerebrally-Infected Mouse Model of Enterovirus A71 Demonstrates Restricted Inter-Neuronal Spread Within the Brain Parenchyma Despite Strong SCARB2 Expression.

AIMS: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) can cause fatal encephalomyelitis, but the mechanisms of its spread within the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathways of EV-A71 dissemination after direct intracerebral inoculation and to assess the role of the murine Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 2 (mSCARB2) receptor in this process. METHODS: A mouse-adapted EV-A71 strain (MAVS) was intracerebrally inoculated into the thalamus/hypothalamus or pons/medulla of 2-week-old ICR mice. Tissues were harvested and analysed by histopathology and viral titration at 24…

Prevalence and VP1 Gene Evaluation Analysis of Porcine Sapelovirus in Yunnan Province, China, from 2024 to 2025.

Porcine Sapelovirus (PSV) is widely prevalent in pig herds throughout the world and induces diarrhea, encephalomyelitis, respiratory tract symptoms, and reproductive disorders. However, the epidemiological and genetic evolution characteristics of PSV remain unclear in Yunnan Province. In this study, 1622 fecal samples were collected from pig farms in Yunnan Province. PSV and its co-infection rates with other pathogens were detected; then, the PSV VP1 gene was amplified and sequenced; and the genetic evolution characteristics of the VP1 gene were analyzed. The overall infection rate of PSV in Y…

Oxidative stress is a shared characteristic of ME/CFS and Long COVID.

Over 65 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have Long COVID (LC), a complex multisystemic condition marked by fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and other symptoms resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). With no clinically approved treatments or reliable diagnostic markers, there is an urgent need to define the molecular underpinnings of these conditions. By studying bioenergetic characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 25 healthy controls, 27 ME/CFS, and 20 LC donors, we find both ME/CFS and LC donors exhibit signs of elevated oxidative stre…

[Herbal treatment options for post-viral symptoms and long COVID].

BACKGROUND: Long COVID and post-viral symptom complexes have become a significant focus in medical practice. There is an urgent need to prov … ymptom complexes (+ relevant phytopharmaceuticals) include neurological complaints, such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) (Ginseng radix, Panax quinquefolii radix, Eleutherocci radix, Rhodiolae rhizoma et radix, Schisandrae fructus), nootropics (Ginkgo folium, Lavandulae flos), irritations of the respiratory tract (Liquiritiae radix, N …

Protective effects of herbal compounds against cyclophosphamide-induced organ toxicity: a pathway-centered approach.

Cyclophosphamide is a key component of numerous chemotherapeutic protocols, demonstrating broad-spectrum efficacy against various malignancies and non-cancerous conditions. This review examines CPM's metabolic pathways, therapeutic applications, and its resulting organ-specific toxicities. Despite its clinical benefits in treating nephrotic syndrome, encephalomyelitis, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and other diseases, CPM is associated with significant adverse effects on the kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, and intestines. The discussion delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying these toxi…

Metabolites as regulators of autoimmune diseases.

Immune cell metabolism is essential for regulating immune responses, including activation, differentiation, and function. Through glycolysis … n and enhancing Foxp3 expression in Tregs. Itaconate ameliorates disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, RA, SLE, and others. It also exhibits antimicrobial effects by blocking bacterial isocitrate lyase and viral replication. Despite increasing interest, reviews focusing specifically on immunometabolites remain limited. This review highlights emergin …

Itreg cells Ameliorates MOG-induced brain inflammation via endowing DC tolerogenic capacity predominantly via TGF-beta signaling mediated AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Certain environmental factors have been known to compromise the suppressive capacity of thymus-derived regulatory T cells (tTreg … chanistic crosstalk between Tregs and DCs. METHODS: The clinical scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were continuously monitored, brain inflammation was assessed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the presence of brain-infiltrating Th1/Th17 cells as well as splenic CD11c+ DCs was analyzed using flow cytometry. Additionally …

Low Vasopressin in Myalgic Encephalomyelitise/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The complex clinical picture of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) includes orthostatic intolerance with symptoms and signs suggesting abnormal water homeostasis and hypovolemia. Since many ME/CFS patients report polyuria-polydipsia, we conducted an observational study based on series of plasma and urine osmolality (P-Osm and U-Osm) as well as plasma levels of vasopressin (P-VP) or copeptin in consecutive patients diagnosed with ME/CFS according to the International Consensus Criteria. METHODS: P-VP as well as P-Osm and U-Osm were measured in 111 patients…

PICRUST2 Анализ Fecal Microbiome ассоциируется с Murine Model of Multical Sclerosis.

Множественный склероз (MS) — изнуряющее нервно-воспалительное заболевание центральной нервной системы (КНС). Считается, что в мире около 2-3 млн. человек имеют НР. Растет интерес к механистической связи между MS и кишечным микробиомом. Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE) — мусриновая модель воспалительного демиэлирования CNS, которая обычно используется для исследования патологии MS в связи с микробиомом. Предыдущие исследования показали, что EAE влияет на кишечник микробиома, и совершенствование EAE может способствовать развитию микробиомного гомеостаза. Микробиом гомеостаз им

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Approximately 2-3 million people globally are believed to have MS. There is growing interest in the mechanistic link between MS and gut microbiome composition. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a murine model of inflammatory demyelination…

Двойное воздействие саттереллы на меч в неврологических расстройствах: последствия для осей кишечника и нейроиммунных взаимодействия.

Род Саттереллы, группа желчных, устойчивых микроаэрофиловых граммоотрицательных бактерий, появился в качестве ключевого игрока в связи с осью кишечника с существенными, но сложными последствиями для неврологических и психических расстройств. В этом исследовании обобщаются текущие данные о двойной роли Саттереллы в модуляции иммунной реакции и нейроинфламмации, при этом подчеркиваются ее зависящие от контекста последствия в связи с болезнью Альцгеймера (AD), болезнью Паркинсона (PD), болезнью Хантингтона (HD), расстройством спектра аутизма (ASD), расстройством внимания/гиперативности (ADHD), мн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The genus Sutterella, a group of bile-resistant microaerophilic gram-negative bacteria, has emerged as a key player in gut-brain axis commun … tion-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), multiple sclerosis (MS), migraine, epilepsy, autoimmune encephalomyelitis (AE), and depression. While Sutterella exhibits pro-inflammatory properties, such as inducing cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and TNF-α) and degrading immunoglobulin A (IgA), it also demonstrates immunomodulatory potential, including anti-inflammatory IL-10 i …

Интерферон типа I ограничивает автонепроницаемость центральной нервной системы путем модуляции оси микроRNA-21-FOXO1 в патогенном Т-помощнике 17 клеток.

IFN-β — интерферон I типа — используется в качестве первой линии для лечения пациентов с множественным склерозом (MS) более 30 лет; однако клеточная и молекулярная основа его терапевтической эффективности остается неясной. Здесь мы впервые использовали экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE), модель мыши для MS, чтобы показать, что терапевтические последствия IFN-β связаны с снижением регулирования микроRNA-21 (miR-21) и патогенных клеток TH17 (pTH17). Эксперименты In vitro показали, что генетический нокаут MiR-21 прямо ингибировал патогенную дифференциацию клеток TH17. Дальнейшие

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
IFN-β, a type I interferon, has been used as a first-line therapy for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) for more than 30 years; however, the cellular and molecular basis of its therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. Here, we first used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for MS, to show that the therapeutic effects of IFN-β were…

Нейропзащитные эффекты Весатолимода в EAE: модуляция неиммунного баланса и микроглиальная поляризация.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся устойчивым нейроинфламмированием и обезвоживанием в центральной нервной системе (КНС). Vesatolimod (VES), избирательный рецептор, похожий на Toll 7 (TLR7) агонист, продемонстрировал как антивирусные, так и иммунодуляторные свойства; однако его потенциальная терапевтическая ценность в нейро-воспалительных контекстах остается слабой. В этом исследовании мы провели оценку эффективности VES в экспериментальной аутоиммунной энцефаломиэлитовой модели (EAE) MS и прояснили ее механизмы действий. EAE был вызван в мышах

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by sustained neuroinflammation and demyelination within the central ne … s poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of VES in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and elucidated its mechanisms of action. EAE was induced in mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55). The therapeutic effects of VES were assessed through clinical scoring, body weight monitoring, hi …