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Supratentorial neurenteric cysts-A fascinating entity of uncertain embryopathogenesis.

The histopathological, immunologic, and ultrastructural findings of neurenteric cysts support an endodermal derivation. These developmental cystic lesions are generally located in the posterior mediastinum, abdomen, and pelvis and may also contain some mesodermal and neuroectodermal elements. In contrast, neurenteric cysts of the central nervous system are very infrequent and occur most commonly in the spinal canal. Intraspinal neurenteric cysts are usually encountered in the cervicothoracic region with an intradural, extramedullary location and are commonly associated with congenital defects

Temporal and spatial development of axonal maturation and myelination of white matter in the developing brain.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been widely used to investigate the development of white matter (WM). However, in … patial development of WM begins from the central to the peripheral WM and from the occipital to the frontal lobes. CONCLUSIONS: With both FA and directional diffusivities, our results demonstrate the temporal and spatial development of WM in healthy children younger than 2 years of age.

Isolated central nervous system Whipple's disease causing reversible frontotemporal-like dementia.

We report a patient with a syndrome resembling frontotemporal dementia (FTD); however, on further diagnostic testing, the diagnosis was Whipple's disease. Because Whipple's disease is treatable, it should be considered in the workup of patients with a FTD-like behavioural and cognitive syndrome.

[Stereotyped behaviors and compulsive complaints of pain improved by fluvoxamine in two cases of frontotemporal dementia].

There have been no systematic efforts to manage and treat patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but Perry described pharmacologic interventions for some behavioral syndromes in 2001. In Perry's report, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) were recommended as first choice drugs because they were well tolerated and might have an effect on some symptoms such as compulsive symptoms and eating abnormalities. Some reports were presented concerning Japanese FTD patients which showed the effect of SSRI on stereotyped behaviors and eating abnormalities by Nishikawa, et al. (2001), Iked

Emotion-attention network interactions during a visual oddball task.

Emotional and attentional functions are known to be distributed along ventral and dorsal networks in the brain, respectively. However, the interactions between these systems remain to be specified. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how attentional focus can modulate the neural activity elicited by scenes that vary in emotional content. In a visual oddball task, aversive and neutral scenes were presented intermittently among circles and squares. The squares were frequent standard events, whereas the other novel stimulus categories o

Behavioral and morphological consequences of primary astrocytes transplanted into the rat cortex immediately after nucleus basalis ibotenic lesion.

Adult male rats received transplants of dissociated 30-day old cultured cortical astrocytes into the ipsilateral frontal and parietal cortex immediately after unilateral ibotenic acid lesion of the NBM or after sham injury. We hypothesized that transplants of astrocytes into the acetylcholine-deprived cortex might provide trophic support to terminals arising from damaged NBM neurons. Twenty four hours after transplantation and every other day for 11 days post surgery, the animals were tested for locomotion and habituation in an open field. NBM lesion reduced vertical movements only as compared

'Paradoxical' alpha synchronization in a memory task.

The results of a specially designed memory search paradigm which maximizes episodic short-term memory (STM) and minimizes semantic long-term memory (LTM) demands show that the upper alpha band synchronizes selectively in those conditions and time intervals where episodic STM demands are maximal. This finding of a selective alpha synchronization occurring only in the upper alpha band and during highest task demands is surprising because it is well known that usually alpha desynchronizes during mental activity. Because experiments from our laboratory indicate that desynchronization in the upper

The neural response in short-term visual recognition memory for perceptual conjunctions.

Short-term visual memory has been widely studied in humans and animals using delayed matching paradigms. The present study used positron emission tomography (PET) to determine the neural substrates of delayed matching to sample for complex abstract patterns over a 5-s delay. More specifically, the study assessed any differential neural response associated with remembering individual perceptual properties (color only and shape only) compared to conjunction between these properties. Significant activations associated with short-term visual memory (all memory conditions compared to perceptuomotor

Multifocal topographic visual evoked potential: improving objective detection of local visual field defects.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationships between the pattern stimulation of different parts of the visual field (up to 25 degrees of eccentricity), the electrode position, and the cortical response to improve objective detection of local visual field defects. METHODS: The human visual evoked potential (VEP) was assessed using multifocal pseudorandomly alternated pattern stimuli that were cortically scaled in size. Monopolar and bipolar electrode positions were used. The visual field was investigated up to 26 degrees of eccentricity. Twelve normal subjects and seven subjects with visual field

A comparison of the ipsilateral cortical projections to the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the macaque premotor cortex.

The cortical connections of the dorsal (PMd) and ventral (PMv) subdivisions of the premotor area (PM, lateral area 6) were studied in four monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) through the use of retrograde tracers. In two animals, tracer was injected ventral to the arcuate sulcus (PMv), in a region from which forelimb movements could be elicited by intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). Tracer injections dorsal to the arcuate sulcus (PMd) were made in two locations. In one animal, tracer was injected caudal to the genu of the arcuate sulcus (in caudal PMd [cPMd], where ICMS was effective in eliciting

Callosotomy for the treatment of drug resistant generalized seizures.

Fifteen patients have been followed for more than one year following callosotomy having presented with long standing epilepsy, no well defined focus amenable to radical excision, and severely incapacitating atonic seizures that were refractory to anticonvulsant therapy. Atonic fits have been reduced by more than 80% in thirteen patients, with two patients suffering long term sequelae (slight dysarthria in one, and dyslexia with mild visuo-spatial disturbances in another). Anticonvulsant therapy was still required post-operatively.

Neurological signs and the positive-negative dimension in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenic patients have been observed to manifest a variety of abnormal neurological signs, but the nature of their association with differing clinical presentations is less well established. To address this issue, we administered a newly compiled neurological inventory to 28 well-characterized chronic schizophrenic inpatients and separately assessed them on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and on control variables that included measures of global pathology, chronicity of illness, neuropsychological and intellectual integrity, and extrapyramidal dysfunction. We found, first, that o

Function of parietal and frontal shunts in childhood hydrocephalus.

This study was performed to determine if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts inserted via the frontal and parietal regions function for similar lengths of time. The medical records of 114 children with CSF shunts were reviewed. In 83 of these cases computerized tomography scans were also available. Ninety percent of the operations were to insert the child's first shunt. The site of insertion, cause of hydrocephalus, patient's age, surgeon, duration of function (time from insertion to malfunction or to latest follow-up evaluation), presence of infection, catheter location within the ventricle, and

Mechanisms of lateralized hyperactivity following focal brain injury in the rat.

Recent work in this lab which explores the differential behavioral and neurochemical changes following left versus right cerebral damage is reviewed and neural mechanisms which may account for this asymmetry are proposed. Damage to the right frontoparietal cortex in rats, caused by either ischemia or suction, produces hyperactivity for as long as a month after surgery. These lesions also produce decreases in norepinephrine (NE) levels in both ipsilateral and contralateral cortex and in the locus coeruleus. Similar lesions in the left cortex, however, do not produce these behavioral or biochemi

[Localization of lesions in aphasia: clinical-CT scan correlations (Part II)].

On the basis of the characteristic symptoms or the result of a speech examination, 127 right-handed cases with various types of aphasia were subdivided into two groups within each aphasic syndrome. Using a microcomputer, the locus and extent of the lesions, as demonstrated by computed tomography for each group were superimposed onto standardized matrices. The relationship between the focus and the extent of the lesions and the various symptoms was investigated. Broca aphasics: More than 80% of the group with obvious anarthric components had lesions of the third frontal gyrus involving Broca's

Experimental cerebral concussion. Part 1: An electron microscopic study.

Cerebral concussion was produced in rats by an iron pendulum hitting the external occipital protuberance. This resulted in loss of conscious … dria at the point of impact (occipital cortex), and extracellular edema at the site of contre coup (frontal lobe). Topographically, the most severe alteration was seen in structures at the craniospinal junction (medulla oblongata and upper cervical cord), consisting of both mitochondrial and edematous changes. Although there was no visible opening of the capil …

Effect of acupuncture Baihui acupoint-Yintang acupoint-Neiguan acupoint combined with conventional Western medicine treatment on cerebral blood flow in insomnia patients: a 3D-ASL functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

AIM: To explore the effect of acupuncture Baihui acupoint-Yintang acupoint-Neiguan acupoint combined with conventional Western medicine trea … ent, the average cerebral blood flow values of cerebellar cortex, thalamic nucleus, occipital lobe, frontal lobe, and parietal lobe of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). After 28 days of treatment, the PSQI score and HAMA score of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0. …

Упражнения вызывают структурные изменения в мозге и повышают уровень ирисина и повышают функциональную эффективность в множестве склероза в ходе экспериментального случайного исследования.

Упражнения могут способствовать нейрозащите при множестве склерозов (MS), но взаимосвязь между изменениями мозга, вызванными упражнениями, высвобождением миокина и функциональными усовершенствованиями не в полной мере понятна. В ходе этого экспериментального выборочного контролируемого испытания были изучены последствия 12-недельной программы обучения прогрессивному сопротивлению (ПРТ) для структуры мозга, уровней ирисина сыворотки и функциональных характеристик, измеряемых с помощью функционального композитного материала MSFC (PRT: *N*=11; контроля: *N*=10). Группа PRT продемонстрировала повы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Exercise may promote neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the relationships between exercise-induced brain changes, myokine relea … cerebellum, and temporal and hippocampal regions. Correlations were observed between cerebellar and frontal lobe volume changes and cognitive gains, while occipital lobe expansion was linked to fine motor improvements. However, no direct association was found between irisin elevation and brain structural changes. These results suggest that PRT induces concurre …

Can Cognitive training Reignite Compensatory Mechanisms in Advanced Multiple Sclerosis Patients? An Explorative Morphological Network Approach.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been shown to significantly impair brain connectivity, as alterations in functional and structural networks have been identified and associated with clinical status, particularly cognitive deficits. We aimed to identify structural connectivity changes in grey matter networks following cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in persons with MS (PwMS). Fifteen long-standing PwMS underwent a 5-week CR-program and five healthy controls (HC) were also investigated. T1-weighted MRI scans and neuropsychological tests were obtained before and after CR. T1-weighted scans were used to

Association of CT and MRI Manifestations with Pathology in Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the CT, MRI and pathological features of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET). METHODS: The CT and MRI features of six cases of pathologically confirmed DNET were retrospectively analyzed and compared with pathology. RESULTS: All six cases of DNET were solitary, and lesion in one case was located in the right parietal lobe, one case in the right frontal lobe, one case in the cerebellar vermis, one case in the right temporo-parietal occipital lobe, one case in the left basal ganglia, and one case in the pineal gland. CT and MRI showed cystic solid tumor in a…