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Novel high-throughput screens of Anopheles gambiae odorant receptors reveal candidate behaviour-modifying chemicals for mosquitoes.

Despite many decades of multilateral global efforts, a significant portion of the world population continues to be plagued with one or more mosquito-vectored diseases. These include malaria and filariasis as well as numerous arboviral-associated illnesses including Dengue and Yellow fevers. The dynamics of disease transmission by mosquitoes is complex, and involves both vector competence and vectorial capacity. One area of intensive effort is the study of chemosensory-driven behaviours in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae Giles, the modulation of which are likely to provide opportu…

Human viruses: discovery and emergence.

There are 219 virus species that are known to be able to infect humans. The first of these to be discovered was yellow fever virus in 1901, and three to four new species are still being found every year. Extrapolation of the discovery curve suggests that there is still a substantial pool of undiscovered human virus species, although an apparent slow-down in the rate of discovery of species from different families may indicate bounds to the potential range of diversity. More than two-thirds of human viruses can also infect non-human hosts, mainly mammals, and sometimes birds. Many specialist hu…

RNA secondary structure prediction by using discrete mathematics: an interdisciplinary research experience for undergraduate students.

The focus of this Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) project was on RNA secondary structure prediction by using a lattice walk app … udent research projects focused on RNA secondary structure prediction on a regulatory region of the yellow fever virus RNA genome and on an untranslated region of an mRNA of a gene associated with the neurological disorder epilepsy. At the end of the project, the REU students gave poster and oral presentations, and they submitted written final project reports …

Iron loaded ferritin secretion and inhibition by CI-976 in Aedes aegypti larval cells.

Ferritin is a multimer of 24 subunits of heavy and light chains. In mammals, iron taken into cells is stored in ferritin or incorporated into iron-containing proteins. Very little ferritin is found circulating in mammalian serum; most is retained in the cytoplasm. Female mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito, Diptera), require a blood meal for oogenesis. Mosquitoes receive a potentially toxic level of iron in the blood meal which must be processed and stored. We demonstrate by (59)Fe pulse-chase experiments that cultured A. aegypti larval CCL-125 cells take up iron from cult…

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue obstructing the gallbladder neck: a case report.

CONTEXT: Heterotopic pancreatic tissue is defined as pancreatic tissue outside the boundaries of the pancreas that has neither anatomic nor vascular continuity with the pancreas. Heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gallbladder is uncommon and has rarely been reported to cause symptoms. We report a case of heterotopic pancreatic tissue obstructing the gallbladder neck resulting in cholecystitis. CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and fever. On physical examination the right upper quadrant was tender to palpation with a positive Murphy's sign.

Протеиновая киназа G фосфорилаты, переносимые комарами, флавивирус NS5.

Serine/threonine фосфорилирование неструктурного белка 5 (NS5) является одним из сохраняемых свойств флавивирусов, однако киназы, ответственные и функции, остаются неизвестными. Масс-спектрометрия использовалась для сравнения мест фосфориляции NS5 белков желтого вируса лихорадки (YFV) и вируса денге (DENV), двух флавивирусов, передаваемых комарами. Было выявлено семь фосфоропептидов ДЕНВ, однако в обоих вирусах был обнаружен только один сохранившийся объект для приема фосфора (трейнина 449 в ДЕНВ). Согласно прогнозам, этот участок является местом распознавания белковой киназы G (PKG) и строго

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Serine/threonine phosphorylation of the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) is a conserved feature of flaviviruses, but the kinase(s) responsible and function(s) remain unknown. Mass spectrometry was used to compare the phosphorylation sites of the NS5 proteins of yellow fever virus (YFV) and dengue virus (DENV), two flaviviruses transmitted by mosquitoes. Seven D…

The first identified neuropeptide in the insect order Megaloptera: a novel member of the adipokinetic hormone family in the alderfly Sialis lutaria.

This is the first report on the structural identity of a neuropeptide of the insect order Megaloptera. A peptide was isolated and sequenced … tructure is identical to that predicted from genome information for the adipokinetic hormone of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Since alderflies are not known for their active flight metabolism but produce a rather high number of eggs, it is anticipated that the alderfly is a good study object to establish a possible role of the novel peptide to regu …

Analysis of 14 BAC sequences from the Aedes aegypti genome: a benchmark for genome annotation and assembly.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses throughout the tropical world. To provide a set of manually curated and annotated sequences from the Ae. aegypti genome, 14 mapped bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones encompassing 1.57 Mb were sequenced, assembled and manually annotated using a combination of computational gene-finding, expressed sequence tag (EST) matches and comparative protein homology. PCR and sequencing were used to experimentally confirm expression and sequence of a subset of these transcripts. RESULTS: Of the 51 manual annotat…

Secreted ferritin: mosquito defense against iron overload?

The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, must blood feed in order to complete her life cycle. The blood meal provides a high level of iron that is required for egg development. We are interested in developing control strategies that interfere with this process. We show that A. aegypti larval cells synthesize and secrete ferritin in response to iron exposure. Cytoplasmic ferritin is maximal at low levels of iron, consists of both the light chain (LCH) and heavy chain (HCH) subunits and reflects cytoplasmic iron levels. Secreted ferritin increases in direct linear relationship to iron dose and …

Inhibition of alpha/beta interferon signaling by the NS4B protein of flaviviruses.

Flaviviruses are insect-borne, positive-strand RNA viruses that have been disseminated worldwide. Their genome is translated into a polyprotein, which is subsequently cleaved by a combination of viral and host proteases to produce three structural proteins and seven nonstructural proteins. The nonstructural protein NS4B of dengue 2 virus partially blocks activation of STAT1 and interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoters in cells stimulated with interferon (IFN). We have found that this function of NS4B is conserved in West Nile and yellow fever viruses. Deletion analysis shows tha…

Review of 1 year's activity in the Grampian travel clinic: the importance of the oil industry.

BACKGROUND: A review of the activities of the Grampian travel clinic was carried out over 1 year to obtain an overall perspective of the cli … vel was oil related, and most patients were headed to Africa. The commonest vaccines given were for yellow fever, Japanese B encephalitis, and rabies, reflecting the specialist nature of the clinic. Most travelers did leave adequate time for immunization before travel. The public is still apprehensive about using mefloquine as malarial prophylaxis. CONCLUSION …

The identification of immunodominant linear epitopes of dengue type 2 virus capsid and NS4a proteins using pin-bound peptides.

We have used multi-pin peptide synthesis strategy to identify B-cell epitopes on two small dengue virus proteins, capsid and NS4a. We have i … sid epitopes were dengue-specific in that they could recognize antibodies in dengue virus-, but not yellow fever virus (YFV)- or Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-immune sera. This study has demonstrated the presence of anti-NS4a antibodies in dengue-patient sera definitively, for the first time, using authentic NS4a-derived pin-bound peptides as capture antig …

[Immunization for children treated for solid tumors: what are the guidelines?].

There is no agreement on immunization of children treated with chemotherapy (CT) for solid tumors. Based on a review of the literature, we h … gy. Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended in case of asplenia. Any other vaccination (BCG, influenza, yellow fever) must be evaluated individually.

[Premature death and longevity of physicians].

The author has divided his work into parts. The first part entitled "Premature Death of Physicians" is dedicated to those who started their research, scientific works and fruitful medical practice but the premature death has stopped their lives and activities. Death causes are presented in ten chapters (groups of causes), i.e. Tuberculosis - Other Lung Diseases - Heart and Vessel Diseases - Septicaemiae - Infectious Diseases in Subgroups: Typhus, Plague, Cholera, Yellow Fever, Diphtheria, Influenza, Malaria, Smallpox, etc. - Encephalopathies and Mental Diseases - Malignant Neoplasms - Noninfec…

Основные эпидемические инфекции: подарок от Старого Мира к Новому?

С открытием Нового Мира европейцы съехались в Америку и вместе с ними распространяли инфекционные заболевания. Во время длительных морских путешествий агенты этих заболеваний повысили свою способность к распространению в соответствующей среде. Основными особенностями этой среды являются отсутствие гигиены, усталость и лишения, отсутствие витаминов в рационе питания и содержание многих людей в замкнутых помещениях. Больные люди, состояние здоровья которых ухудшилось во время поездки в Новый мир, несли инфекционные заболевания. Первая болезнь, появившаяся в Новом мире, была оспой, описанной в 15

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
With the discovery of the New World, the Europeans flocked to America and with them spread infectious diseases. During long sea voyages the … a few years later, causing a heavy epidemic between 1558 and 1559. Other diseases followed such as yellow fever and malaria. So Europeans and these invisible and mortal agents caused enormous destruction of American populations. In fact historians have estimated that beginning from early 1500, in only 50 years the population of Peru and Mexico fell from 60 to …

[Health challenges as the second millenium is ending. Conceptual epidemiology, social pathology, medicine and professional ethics].

In this article it is outlined the work of doctor Bustamante in fighting against diseases such as yellow fever, typhus, malaria, and smallpox; and the development and impel that this professional gave to preventive and social medicine is pointed out. It is established that health care professionals currently must not only highly studied and prepared, as they should manage all features related with public health, but also change-men-and-women who are capable to influence future generations, which will be the responsible in relocating men at the equilibrium point concerned to their health. Said …

Leucokinins, a new family of ion transport stimulators and inhibitors in insect Malpighian tubules.

Leucokinins are octapeptides isolated from heads of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. In the cockroach they increase motility of the isolated hindgut. Surprisingly, synthetic leucokinins have biological activity in a different insect and in a different tissue. In isolated Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, leucokinins depolarize the transepithelial voltage. This effect on voltage is dependent on extracellular Cl. One leucokinin, LK-8, the effects of which were studied further in isolated Malpighian tubules, was found to inhibit transepithelial fluid secretion at low…

Partial sequence analysis of cloned dengue virus type 2 genome.

Dengue virus (DEN) is a member of flaviviruses and contains a single, (+)-strand RNA of approx. 11 kb. Complementary DNA copy of the RNA was … e are 885 and 643 amino acids in length and show homology to the region of polyprotein coded by the yellow fever virus genome corresponding to the non-structural proteins [Rice et al., Science 229 (1985) 726-733]. The significant homology between these two viruses in the regions coding for the non-structural proteins NS3 and NS5 suggests an important role for …

THE PRESERVATION OF VIRULENT TREPONEMA PALLIDUM AND TREPONEMA PERTENUE IN THE FROZEN STATE; WITH A NOTE ON THE PRESERVATION OF FILTRABLE VIRUSES.

1. A simple method for freezing and maintaining tissue specimens in a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and 95 per cent ethyl alcohol at a tem … d T. pallidum was infective for rabbits 1 day after desiccation. 5. The viruses of human influenza, yellow fever, and spontaneous encephalomyelitis of mice when frozen and maintained at -78 degrees C. showed substantially the same titer after 6 months as before freezing. 6. Certain practical applications of the method are suggested.

Identification of Pantoea agglomerans in a patient with chronic abdominal sinus.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Pantoea agglomerans, a yellow-pigmented, gram-negative aerobic non-sporing bacillus belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, is an opportunistic pathogen often associated with infections in immunocompromised individuals. This report highlights a case of P. agglomerans identified in the peritoneal fluid of a 35-year-old female with a chronic abdominal sinus. The organism was sensitive to most antibiotics, and the patient responded well to empirical treatment with cefoperazone/sulbactum. This case underscores the importance of accurate microbial identification in