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Immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of the vaccine H56:IC31 in reducing the rate of tuberculosis disease recurrence in HIV-negative adults successfully treated for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial.

BACKGROUND: People with tuberculosis who complete treatment remain at risk of recurrent disease. The vaccine H56:IC31 has been shown to be s … -susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis. During trial screening (≤7 days after starting treatment), two sputum samples were obtained and frozen for later comparison to recurrent isolates by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1; block size of four) to receive two intramuscular doses in the deltoid, 56 days apart, of …

Assessment of differentially culturable tubercle bacteria assays for the detection of tuberculosis infection in asymptomatic household contacts and the implications for intra-household transmission: a longitudinal cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Conventional culture methods for tuberculosis diagnosis miss differentially culturable tubercle bacteria (DCTB), which grow only … ed HIV status. Household contacts of the index patients and control households were also recruited. Sputum specimens were collected at baseline and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 months from the index participants and household contacts. Samples were analysed by conventional mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture, and colony-forming unit assays to ident …

Detection and analysis of nucleic acid in various biological samples of COVID-19 patients.

UNLABELLED: COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) is a kind of acute severe pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV (2019-nCoV) infection. Since Decemb … . During the period of admission, under the condition of tertiary protection, nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, blood, feces and anal swabs of COVID-19 cases were collected many times in the isolation ward for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection. All biological samples are sealed and transferred to the laboratory in strict accordance with the standard process. …

[Analysis on clinical and epidemioloical characteristics of measles in hospitalized children in Shanghai in 2012].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the main factors that influence measles morbidity and the genotype of measles virus, so as to provide evidence for … results, and so on were analyzed. And the reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was adopted to detect sputum specimens from suspected patients with measles,who were selected randomly,the sequence of the part of the PCR products was analyzed. RESULT: (1) Clinical and epidemiological data: Totally were 182 children with measles (125 males, 57 females) were …

[Clinical characteristics of primary ciliary dyskinesia in children].

OBJECTIVE: Although primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a group of inherited diseases, accurate diagnosis and appropriate clinical care to p … y-five families. Although the siblings of four probands also had the symptoms of chronic cough with sputum, running nose and recurrent respiratory infections, only a boy and his sister were diagnosed as Kartagener syndrome simultaneously. Their parents and the other family members were healthy. Of the 26 patients, 11 were boys and 15 were girls. The medi …

Disseminated Thoracic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Mimicking Tuberculosis in a Patient on Haemodialysis.

An 18-year-old male receiving haemodialysis through a central venous catheter presented with fever, productive cough, night sweats and progressive dyspnoea. Point-of-care ultrasound demonstrated bilateral complex pleural effusions, lung consolidation and a complex pericardial effusion. Initial management targeted severe bacterial sepsis, but computed tomography performed after clinical stabilization revealed bilateral consolidations, cavitary lung lesions and cavitating pulmonary nodules, raising concern for disseminated tuberculosis. GeneXpert testing of sputum, pleural fluid and pericardial …

Sepsis-Like Presentation of Tuberculous Meningitis With Rapid Neurologic Decline and Spinal Subdural Abscesses: A Case Report.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of central nervous system tuberculosis and carries high morbidity and mortality. We rep … confirmed via bronchoalveolar lavage positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis after multiple failed sputum induction attempts. This case illustrates a combination of sepsis-like presentation, rapid quadriparesis, and spinal cord abscesses in TBM, highlighting the importance of advanced imaging and alternative microbiologic sampling for timely diagnosis a …

Unexpected Fatal Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia During Triplet Therapy for Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening opportunistic infection typically seen in immunocompromised patients. It is rarely reported during standard systemic therapy for prostate cancer. A 75-year-old man with low-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) received triplet therapy with relugolix, darolutamide and docetaxel. He had well-controlled diabetes and no history of immunosuppression. After the second docetaxel cycle, he developed anorexia. Chest CT revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities. β-D-glucan was elevated, and sputum PCR detected P. jirovec…

AI X-ray for tuberculosis screening in remote Nepal: Benefits and challenges from a doctor's perspective.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced ultraportable X-ray machines have been recently introduced in our region as tools for community-based … parallel screening strategy combining chest X-rays and symptom assessment, followed by confirmatory sputum testing, is effective in detecting both clinical and subclinical TB cases (with X-ray abnormalities) within the community. The integration of this algorithm, along with AI-assisted portable X-ray devices, represents a significant advancement in comm …

Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnose the pulmonary infections caused by Aureobasidium melanogenum: A case report and review of the literature.

Aureobasidium melanogenum (A. melanogenum) is a black-yeast-like fungus widely present in nature that rarely causes human infections. We report a case of pulmonary infection caused by A. melanogenum in a 60-year-old male farmer, who initially presented with severe paroxysmal coughing and right-sided chest pain and was initially misdiagnosed with tuberculosis or lung cancer. While sputum cultures were negative, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detected A. melanogenum in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which was confirmed by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Susceptibility thresholds for Aureoba…

Case Report: Pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: We report a rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus, which is rare in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rhizopus microsporus had been reported as the most common etiological agent associated with human infections, except Rhizopus oryzae in some studies. CASE PRESENTATION: We described a case of 81-year-old man with pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus but no other apparent risk factors including diabetes. The diagnosis mainly relied on sputum cultures and clinical manifestations. Despite antifungal therapy, his conditi…

Tuberculosis treatment success rate and its predictors among TB HIV co-infected patients in East and North Eastern Uganda.

TB/HIV co-infection is associated with poorer treatment outcomes compared to TB alone. This study assessed the TB treatment success rate and … w-up was 12%, mortality 9.9%, treatment failure 0.3%, and 5.2% were not evaluated. Patients lacking sputum monitoring at five months were significantly less likely to achieve treatment success (aRR 0.48, 95% CI 0.34-0.66). These findings underscore the importance of effective follow-up to improve outcomes for TB/HIV co-infected patients.

Case Report: Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis and Strongyloides Hyperinfection in a Patient with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1/2 Infection.

Co-occurrence of paracoccidioidomycosis and strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients, particularly those infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1/2, is infrequent. We describe the case of a Peruvian farmer from the central jungle with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1/2 infection, with 2 months of illness characterized by respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms associated with fever, weight loss, and enlarged lymph nodes. Strongyloides stercoralis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were isolated in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples, respectively. The clinical evolution was…

[Papillary Thyroid Cancer Metastasizing Anterior Mediastinal Lymph Node with Extra-nodal Invasion to the Lung:Report of a Case].

We describe a 79-year-old female with a prior history of two times of mitral valve surgery and pacemaker implantation. She was transferred to our hospital presenting bloody sputum with dyspnea. Chest enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a large anterior mediastinal mass of 64×52 mm in size. She underwent surgery for the mediastinal tumor through third time median sternotomy approach. As the tumor was suspected of infiltrating to the lung, combined resection of right upper lobe was additionally performed. Histological examination revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasizing anterior m…

Case report: A case of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus azygosporus infection complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A case of pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) caused by Rhizopus azygosporus infection complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus is reported. An adult male patient had a productive cough for more than 10 days, aggravated by blood in the sputum for 9 days. Laboratory examination confirmed that he had had type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketosis for more than 3 years, and his chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed lesions, cavities, and a small effusion in the right lower lobe. The lavage fluid was taken by bronchoscope for bacterial culture and mNGS, which indicated Rhizopus azygosporus growth. …

Clostridioides difficile infection leading to fulminant colitis with toxic megacolon.

Clostridioidesdifficile infection (CDI) is the culprit of millions of nosocomial infections in the United States. Programs that successfully decrease its incidence, therefore, render cost savings for the healthcare system. Toxic megacolon and perforation are two of the most significant complications with increased mortality rates. We report a 23-year-old nursing home resident hospitalized for fever, cough, and green sputum. After 3 days of antibiotic therapy, he developed abdominal distension, diarrhea, and vomiting and underwent a total colectomy. The colon was dilated to a maximum of 11 cm w…

Monitoring disease progression in childhood bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis (not related to cystic fibrosis) is a chronic lung disease caused by a range of etiologies but characterized by abnormal airw … including lung imaging, respiratory function, patient-reported outcomes, respiratory exacerbations, sputum biomarkers, and nutritional outcomes.

A Double Whammy Pneumonia: The First Reported Case of Concurrent Neisseria meningitidis and SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia.

Meningococcal pneumonia (MP) is a rare manifestation of meningococcal disease. The MP was first described in 1907 when Neisseria meningitidis (NM) isolates were identified in sputum samples obtained from soldiers with pneumonia. Preceding and concurrent viral infections constitute a major risk for MP. During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, a significant increase in MP cases were reported in patients with preceding influenza infection. Despite the end of the last H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2010, seasonal influenza infections still pose a risk for simultaneous MP. History appears to be repeati…

Редкий случай распространения туберкулеза и гематологического заболевания в реципиенте трансплантации сердца.

A 77-year-old Человек, перенесший пересадку сердца 7 Много лет назад было много кровавых движений кишечника. Эндоскопическая и гистологическая оценка выявила хронический активный лилит, грануломатное воспаление, многонуклеарные гигантские клетки и редкий, двуобразный кислотно-быстрый бактерий в терминальной лилеуме. Положительные культуры слюны для туберкулёза микобактерия и кислого бацилли создали диагностику кишечного туберкулеза, и была начата RIPE (рифабутин, изониазид, пиразинамид, этимбутол). Повышенные уровни IgG для количественного анализа иммуноглобулина и биопсии костного мозга ≥60%

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A 77-year-old man who underwent a heart transplant 7 years ago presented with multiple bloody bowel movements. Endoscopic and histologic evaluation revealed chronic active ileitis, granulomatous inflammation, multinucleated giant cells, and a rare, equivocal acid-fast bacterium in the terminal ileum. Positive sputum cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis an…

Aseptic Barriers Allow a Clean Contact for Contaminated Stethoscope Diaphragms.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a single-use stethoscope diaphragm barrier surface remains aseptic when placed on pathogen-contaminated stet … en stethoscope diaphragms were inoculated with human specimens, including saliva, stool, urine, and sputum. CONCLUSION: Disposable aseptic diaphragm barriers may provide robust and efficient solutions to reduce transmission of pathogens via stethoscopes.