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Taking a gamble.

A new law intended to make access to gambling easier could put more people at risk of gambling addiction. Currently there is little mental healthcare provision for people who get into difficulties. Gambling is being promoted as a leisure activity. Casinos can now sign up members without the need for a 24-hour cooling-off period. People addicted to gambling experience physical symptoms if they fail to get their 'fix'. Some gambling addicts have dual addictions as they are also addicted to drugs or alcohol.

Breastfeeding duration is associated with larger cortical gray matter volumes in children from the ABCD study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the numerous studies in favor of breastfeeding for its benefits in cognition and mental health, the long-term effects of … te the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the negative urgency dimension of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Global gray matter volumes were also significant mediators for behavioral problems as measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that breastfeeding is a relevant factor in the proper development of the brai …

Relationships between reward sensitivity, risk-taking and family history of alcoholism during an interactive competitive fMRI task.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with a positive family history for alcoholism (FHP) have shown differences from family-history-negative (FHN) individuals in the neural correlates of reward processing. FHP, compared to FHN individuals, demonstrate relatively diminished ventral striatal activation during anticipation of monetary rewards, and the degree of ventral striatal activation shows an inverse correlation with specific impulsivity measures in alcohol-dependent individuals. Rewards in socially interactive contexts relate importantly to addictive propensities, yet have not been examined with respect

Environmental Stimulation Does Not Reduce Impulsive Choice in ADHD: A "Pink Noise" Study.

OBJECTIVE: The preference for sooner smaller over larger later rewards is a prominent manifestation of impulsivity in ADHD. According to the State Regulation Deficit (SRD) model, this impulsive choice is the result of impaired regulation of arousal level and can be alleviated by adding environmental stimulation to increase levels of arousal. METHOD: To test this prediction, we studied the effects of adding background "pink noise" on impulsive choice using a classical and new adjusting choice delay task in a sample of 25 children with ADHD and 28 controls. RESULTS: Children with ADHD made mor

Impulsivity, sex-related alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and sexual risk-taking among bisexual women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to the acquired preparedness model, personality traits, such as impulsivity, may influence the learning process, contributing to heightened expectations surrounding risky behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, sexual risk-taking). As bisexual women demonstrate heightened risk for hazardous alcohol- and sex-related behaviors, the present study examined a sequential pathway, whereby the relation between impulsivity and sexual risk-taking is mediated through sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. METHODS: Data were collected from 225 self-identified cisgend

Differential effects of dopamine transporter inhibitors in the rodent Iowa gambling task: relevance to mania.

RATIONALE: The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) can be used to quantify impulsive and risky choice behaviors in psychiatric patients, e.g., bipolar disorder (BD) sufferers. Although developing treatments for these behaviors is important, few predictive animal models exist. Inhibition of the dopamine transporter (DAT) can model profiles of altered motor activity and exploration seen in patients with BD. The effect of DAT inhibition on impulsive choices related to BD has received limited study however. We used a rodent IGT to elucidate the effects of similarly acting drugs on risky choice behavior. OBJ

Aggressiveness, not impulsiveness or hostility, distinguishes suicide attempters with major depression.

BACKGROUND: Impulsiveness, hostility and aggressiveness are traits associated with suicidal behavior, but also with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The presence of large numbers of BPD subjects in past attempter samples may distort the relative importance of each of these traits to predicting suicidal behavior, and lead to prospective, biological and genetic models that systematically misclassify certain subpopulations of suicidal individuals. METHOD: Two hundred and seventy-five subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), including 87 with co-morbid BPD (69 past suicide attempters,

Disorders of impulsivity in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder.

Trichotillomania and skin picking disorder are often classified as body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) as they are characterized by repetitive hair-pulling and skin picking, respectively. They were initially considered to be impulse control disorders despite little research scrutiny. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of these two conditions to other disorders with impulsive features. Adults with trichotillomania (n = 104) and skin picking (n = 178) or both (n = 96) were recruited from the general community using advertisements and online support groups and compl

Anhedonia in Parkinson's disease patients with and without pathological gambling: a case-control study.

Anhedonia is present in Parkinson's Disease (PD) as well as in addictive behaviors. Pathological Gambling (PG) and other Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) have emerged as iatrogenic complications associated with dopamine replacement therapy. We studied 154 PD patients, divided into three groups: 11 with PG, 23 with other ICDs (compulsive buying, hypersexuality, binge eating), 120 without ICDs. All patients underwent a thorough clinical, neuropsychological and psychiatric evaluation. The PG-group, compared to the ICDs-group and PD-controls, reported a significantly higher incidence of anhedonia

Mediating effects of impulsivity and alexithymia in the association between traumatic brain injury and aggression in incarcerated males.

Studies suggest both alexithymia and impulsivity (partially) explain aggressive behavior in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, but none … en impulsivity and aggression. These results imply that aggressive incarcerated individuals showing impulsive behavior should be screened for TBI, since TBI is often overlooked or misdiagnosed, and indicate that both impulsivity and alexithymia are potential focus points for aggression reduction treatment in TBI patients.

Nicotine Inhalation and Suicide: Clinical Correlates and Behavioral Mechanisms.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Extensive evidence links smoking and suicide independently of psychiatric diagnoses, but there are questions about the pathophysiology and specificity of this relationship. We examined characteristics of this linkage to identify potential transdiagnostic mechanisms in suicide and its prevention. METHODS: We reviewed literature that associated suicide with smoking and e-cigarettes, including the temporal sequence of smoking and suicide risk and their shared behavioral risk factors of sensitization and impulsivity. RESULTS: Smoking is associated with increased suicid

Effects of serotonin-2A receptor binding and gender on personality traits and suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder.

Impulsivity and aggressiveness are personality traits associated with a vulnerability to suicidal behavior. Behavioral expression of these traits differs by gender and has been related to central serotonergic function. We assessed the relationships between serotonin-2A receptor function, gender, and personality traits in borderline personality disorder (BPD), a disorder characterized by impulsive-aggression and recurrent suicidal behavior. Participants, who included 33 BPD patients and 27 healthy controls (HC), were assessed for Axis I and II disorders with the Structured Clinical Interview fo

Парафилия и гиперсексуальность в биполярном расстройстве I и расстройстве личности историй: доклад по делу.

Парафилии редки и часто упускают из виду психические заболевания, характеризующиеся интенсивными, атипичными и повторяющимися сексуальными желаниями или поведением. В этом деле описана 33-летняя женщина с коморбидным биполярным расстройством I и истерическим расстройством личности, характеризующимся гиперсексуализмом и рискованной сексуальной практикой, что указывает на количественную парафилию. Поведение пациента включало групповые сексуальные контакты, незащищенный половой акт и импульсивное распространение эксплицитных изображений через социальные сети, что привело к инфекции влагалища Трих

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… In this case, the multidisciplinary approach was crucial for clinical stabilization and minimizing harm associated with impulsive behaviors [ 13 ]. …

Sensation seeking and risk-taking propensity as mediators in the relationship between childhood abuse and HIV-related risk behavior.

OBJECTIVES: Although a wealth of literature suggests that childhood physical, emotional, and sexual abuse are related to later-life HIV-related risk behaviors, few studies have explored disinhibition (e.g., impulsivity, risk-taking propensity, and sensation-seeking) as a risk factor in this relationship. METHOD: This cross-sectional study examined impulsivity, risk-taking propensity, and sensation seeking as mediators in the relationship between abuse history and engagement in HIV-related risk behaviors among a sample of 96 inner-city African American adolescents. RESULTS: Findings indicated

Pathological gamblers, with and without substance use disorders, discount delayed rewards at high rates.

Pathological gambling is classified as a disorder of impulse control, yet little research has evaluated behavioral indices of impulsivity in gamblers. The rates at which rewards delayed in time are subjectively devalued may be a behavioral marker of impulsivity. This study evaluated delay discounting in 60 pathological gamblers and 26 control participants. Gamblers were divided into those with (n = 21) and without (n = 39) substance use disorders. A hypothetical $1,000 reward was delayed at intervals ranging from 6 hr to 25 years, and immediate rewards varied from $1 to $999. Pathological gamb

Ventral Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Regulate Decision-Making or Motor Impulsivity Differentially across Learning and Biological Sex.

Dopaminergic transmission within the ventral striatum is broadly implicated in risk/reward decision-making and impulse control, and the rat gambling task (rGT) measures both behaviors concurrently. While the resulting indices of risky choice and impulsivity correlate at the population level, dopaminergic manipulations rarely impact both behaviors uniformly, with changes in choice more likely when dopaminergic transmission is altered during task acquisition. Although the task structure of the rGT remains constant, the relative importance of ventral striatal dopamine (DA) signals relevant for re

Lisdexamfetamine Alters BOLD-fMRI Activations Induced by Odor Cues in Impulsive Children.

INTRODUCTION: Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is a drug used to treat ADHD/impulsive patients. Impulsivity is known to affect inhibitory, emotional and cognitive function. On the other hand, smell and odor processing are known to be affected by neurological disorders, as they are modulators of addictive and impulsive behaviors specifically. We hypothesize that, after LDX ingestion, inhibitory pathways of the brain would change, and complementary behavioral regulation mechanisms would appear to regulate decision-making and impulsivity. METHODS: 20 children were studied in an aleatory crossover study. I…

Criminal conviction, impulsivity, and course of illness in bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Criminal behavior in bipolar disorder may be related to substance use disorders, personality disorders, or other comorbidities potentially related to impulsivity. We investigated relationships among impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or borderline personality disorder symptoms, substance use disorder, course of illness, and history of criminal behavior in bipolar disorder. METHODS: A total of 112 subjects with bipolar disorder were recruited from the community. Diagnosis was by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I and SCID-II); psychiatric symptom asses

Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: Review of pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, management, and future challenges.

Impulsive-compulsive behavior (ICB) in Parkinson's disease (PD) suggests a combination of impulse control disorders (ICDs), such as patholog … c release of dopamine creates a state of relative dopamine deficit and reduced reward sensation and impulsive behaviors. The major risk factors for ICB are the use of dopamine agonist (DA), male gender, young patient, depression, smoking, drug abuse, Parkin mutation, and family history of ICDs. Single nucleotide polymorphism in dopamine receptors D1, D2, and D3 also …