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A comprehensive review of new pesticides developed between 2015 and 2025.

General trends and strategies for the development of new pesticides are summarized. From 2015 to 2025, 156 chemical pesticides were launched or are under development: 47 fungicides, 54 insecticides/acaricides, 9 nematicides, and 46 herbicides. Most are safe to humans and environmentally friendly. The most developed fungicides are succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors, quinone inside inhibitors, and demethylation inhibitors. The general trend of insecticide development is in the progress of four major classes of insecticides: nicotinic insecticides, diamide insecticides

Constitutive overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters contributes to emamectin benzoate resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Emamectin benzoate is a key insecticide for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda, a highly destructive agricultural pest. However, the emergence of resistance frequently results in control failures. Monitoring insecticide resistance in S. frugiperda populations and elucidating the underlying genetic mechanisms are essential for developing informed pest management decisions and effective resistance management strategies. This study demonstrates that six field populations of S. frugiperda from China have developed moderate resistance to emamectin benzoate, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 1…

Locomotory and physiological responses induced by clove and cinnamon essential oils in the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais.

Plant essential oils have been suggested as a suitable alternative for controlling stored pests worldwide. However, very little is known about the physiological or behavioral responses induced by these compounds in insect populations that are resistant to traditional insecticides. Thus, this investigation evaluated the toxicity (including the impacts on population growth) as well as the locomotory and respiratory responses induced by clove, Syzygium aromaticum L., and cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum L., essential oils in Brazilian populations of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. We used pop

Long-lasting residual efficacy of a new indoor residual spraying product, VECTRON™ T500 (broflanilide), against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors and its acceptance in a community trial in Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND: The WHO Global Malaria Programme advocates for a comprehensive, strategic approach to managing insecticide resistance, highlighting the importance of using multiple insecticides with different modes of action through rotations and combinations. To slow the spread of resistance, it is essential to develop and evaluate new formulations that feature unique modes of action and extended residual effects. Addressing this need, Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc., developed VECTRON™ T500, a new indoor residual spraying (IRS) formulation using broflanilide, applied at a dosage of …

Transgenic expression of SeCYP9A186 and PxFMO2 confers resistance to emamectin benzoate in Plutella xylostella.

BACKGROUND: The overexpression of metabolic enzymes constitutes a crucial mechanism for insects to detoxify xenobiotics and metabolic pesticides. A flavin-containing monooxygenase gene (PxFMO2) from Plutella xylostella and a P450 gene (SeCYP9A186, F116V mutant allele) from Spodoptera exigua have been reported to be involved in insecticide resistance. In this study, we aim to utilize transgenic technology to validate their in vivo detoxification functions in Plutella xylostella. RESULTS: We established two transgenic strains of Plutella xylostella with expressing an endogenous PxFMO2 gene from…

East Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research: Impact on Malaria Policy in Uganda.

Malaria is the leading cause of disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2010, the East Africa International Center of Excellence for Malari … ith artemisinin-based combination therapies [ACTs]), as well as monitoring of antimalarial drug and insecticide resistance. PRISM studies have informed Uganda's malaria treatment policies, guided selection of LLINs for national distribution campaigns, and revealed widespread pyrethroid resistance, which led to changes in insecticides delivered through IRS. Our continuou …

De Novo Design of Potent, Insecticidal Synthetic Mimics of the Spinosyn Macrolide Natural Products.

New insect pest control agents are needed to meet the demands to feed an expanding global population, to address the desire for more environmentally-friendly insecticide tools, and to fill the loss of control options in some crop-pest complexes due to development of insecticide resistance. The spinosyns are a highly effective class of naturally occurring, fermentation derived insecticides, possessing a very favorable environmental profile. Chemically, the spinosyns are composed of a large complex macrolide tetracycle coupled to two sugars. As a means to further exploit this novel class of natu…

Identification of inducible CYP3 and CYP4 genes associated with abamectin tolerance in the fat body and Malpighian tubules of Spodoptera litura.

Abamectin, as a broad-spectrum bioinsecticide, has been widely used for the control of Lepidoptera insects, resulting in different levels of … may contribute to abamectin detoxification in S. litura and provide information for evidence-based insecticide resistance management strategies.

Spinosyn resistance and cross-resistance - A 25 year review and analysis.

The spinosyns were introduced more than 25 years ago (spinosad - Qalcova™ active, 1997) and later followed by spinetoram (Jemvelva™ active, 2007), for the control of a wide range of pest insects, especially lepidopterans and thrips. Although IRM guidelines were initiated at the time of introduction, there have been some cases of overuse, resulting in resistance development in several pest insect species. Additionally, laboratory selection for spinosyn resistance has been a tool to investigate the mode of action of the spinosyns. As part of an ongoing effort to understand the scope of resistanc

Overexpression of ABCB transporter genes confer multiple insecticide tolerances in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Bactrocera dorsalis is a notable invasive pest that has developed resistance to several commonly used insecticides in the field, such as avermectin, beta-cypermethrin and malathion. Investigating the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in this pest is of paramount importance for ensuring its effective control. The ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily B (ABCB) genes, responsible for encoding transmembrane efflux transporters, represent a potential source of insecticide detoxification activity or transportation that remains largely unexplored in B. dorsalis. In this study, seven BdABCB ge…

The roles of GSTs in fipronil resistance in Nilaparvata lugens: Over-expression and expression induction.

As one of the most important detoxification enzymes in insects, Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play key roles in insecticide resistance via direct metabolism and protection against oxidative stress induced by insecticide exposure. Insect GSTs are often considered as the phase II detoxification enzymes, they have potential function to metabolize fipronil as well as its fipronil's metabolites. In the fipronil-resistant Nilaparvata lugens strain G28, GSTs' inhibitor DEM (diethyl maleate) showed the optimal synergistic effects (5.73-fold), indicating the essential roles of GSTs in the resistanc…

Toxicological analysis of stilbenes against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a global pest of multiple economically important row crops and the development of resistance to commercially available insecticidal classes has inhibited FAW control. Thus, there is a need to identify chemical scaffolds that can provide inspiration for the development of novel insecticides for FAW management. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity of central neurons and susceptibility of FAW to chloride channel modulators to establish a platform for repurposing existing insecticides or designing new chemicals capable of controlling FAW. Po

Cross-resistance, biochemical mechanism and fitness costs of laboratory-selected resistance to pyridalyl in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella.

Pyridalyl belongs to one novel type of insecticides with uncertain mode of action, and it showed significant efficacy against Plutella xylostella, which has been considered as one notorious insect pest in the world. To characterize pyridalyl resistance in P. xylostella, one susceptible strain XY-PS and one laboratory-selected pyridalyl-resistant strain XY-PR (34.4-fold) were used to establish cross-resistance patterns, and no cross-resistance to a series of popular insecticides in the XY-PR was observed. Activities of metabolic enzymes were measured and results showed that there was an approxi

Rational Design and Synthesis of Isoxazoline Derivatives with Low Bee-Toxicity Based on Bee GABA Receptors.

The isoxazoline insecticide, such as fluralaner, exhibits strong insecticidal activity against pests while showing no cross-resistance. However, due to its toxicity to bees, the use of Fluralaner is restricted in veterinary antiparasitic applications. Hence, how to modify the structure of fluralaner to maintain the insecticidal activity and reduce the toxicity to bees is vital and meaningful. In this study, a virtual screening of 11 diamide substructures was conducted based on the GABA receptor of bees (Apis mellifera), and four compounds with lower docking scores were regarded as potential lo

Биохимическая характеристика Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) резистентности к дельтаметрину, фипронилу и имидаклоприду.

Aedes aegypti — важный вектор лихорадки денге, геморрагической лихорадки денге и желтой лихорадки, чикунгунии и вируса Зика. Цель заключалась в оценке устойчивости А. аегипти к инсектицидам с различными режимами воздействия (дельтеметрин, имидаклоприд и фипронил) под интенсивным давлением отбора в течение 10 поколений в лаборатории. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, биомассы проводились. Биохимический анализ, проведенный после отбора с помощью дельтаметрина (Delta-SEL), фипронила (Fipro-SEL) и имидаклоприда (Imida-SEL) от G1 до G10, использовался для оценки детоксикационных ферм

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Aedes aegypti is an important vector of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. The objective … f protein, respectively, in Fipro-SEL (G10). The results showed that detoxification enzymes trigger insecticide resistance in A. aegypti and their suppression may aid in the resistance breakage.

High-throughput analysis of insecticides on malaria vectors using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

BACKGROUND: Different setups and protocols have been developed for investigating insecticide effects on Anopheles (An.) mosquitoes, vectors … ss the penetration of insecticides in mosquito matrix with reference to cuticle thickness and other insecticide resistance mechanisms.

A self-assembled multicomponent RNA nano-biopesticide for increasing the susceptibility of destructive bean flower thrips to insecticides via dsNrf2.

High resistance of bean flower thrips (BFT, Megalurothrips usitatus) has led to the unscientific application of insecticides to cause famous "toxic cowpea" incidents in China. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in inducing antioxidant responses and drug detoxification. Therefore, the detoxification genes may be suppressed to control insecticide resistance via Nrf2. Herein, we demonstrated that the expression of most detoxification genes and enzyme activity were remarkably suppressed via nrf2 RNAi. Subsequently, a novel hydrophilic-lipophilic diblock poly…

Efficacy of the Insecticide Formulation SumiShield® 50WG for Malaria Vector Control in Experimental Huts in Madagascar.

Indoor residual insecticide spraying and the distribution of insecticide-treated nets have undoubtedly led to a significant reduction in the global malaria burden. However, insecticide resistance poses a threat to the effectiveness of these recommended control methods. In the present study, the aim was to determine the efficacy of SumiShield® 50WG (Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), an insecticide containing clothianidin, a neonicotinoid, in controlling malaria vectors in Madagascar. The study was conducted over 9 months after the initial spraying in experimental huts made with walls c…

Morphofunctional characteristics of flight-related traits in deltamethrin-resistant and susceptible Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) of the Argentinean Chaco.

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease, transmitted by triatomine bugs, is a major vector-borne parasitic disease in Latin America. Triatoma infestans, … s the flight potential and morphological changes in T. infestans populations with varying levels of insecticide resistance, hypothesizing that resistance may induce morphological changes in wing and head structures related to dispersal. METHODS: We analyzed three resistance profiles of T. infestans-susceptible (S), moderately resistant (MR), and highly resistant (HR)-c …

Impact of deltamethrin-resistance in Aedes albopictus on its fitness cost and vector competence.

BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus is one of the most invasive species in the world as well as the important vector for mosquito-borne diseases su … n and becomes a threat to public health. Therefore, we should pay high attention for the problem of insecticide resistance so that to better prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases.