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Phenotyping of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Congenital Heart Disease Using Latent Class Analysis: Insights From a National Prospective Registry.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) is characterized by substantial prognostic and therapeutic heterogeneity. Conventional clinical and anatomical-pathophysiological classifications fail to fully capture these intricacies. Unsupervised clustering approaches such as latent class analysis (LCA) have been used to address this limitation. RESEARCH QUESTION: Can LCA-derived phenogroups refine risk stratification and predict PAH-targeted treatment responses in adult patients with PAH-CHD? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Adult patients with PAH-C…

Molecular, parasitological and clinical diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis: A diagnostic yield and comparative accuracy study using latent class analysis.

BACKGROUND: Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a neglected manifestation of Schistosoma haematobium infection whose diagnosis is restri … st 2024. Participants underwent urine microscopy, genital swab PCR, and colposcopy, and a two-class latent class analysis model was developed using the R package poLCA. RESULTS: PCR yielded the highest positivity rate (73.4%), followed by urine egg microscopy (29.4%) and colposcopy/Visual FGS (23.08%). Among women with visual FGS, 68.75% were PCR-positive and had a lo …

Sexual Relationship Typologies, Multilevel Determinants, and HIV Among Adolescent Mothers in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Multilevel Latent Class Analysis.

In Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), there is heterogeneity within adolescent mothers' (AMs') sexual relationships. However, existing studi … sment (PHIA) Project on AMs (15-19 years) from 9 ESA countries (N = 2,761). We conducted multilevel latent class analysis to identify relationship typologies at the AM and community (PHIA cluster) levels, multinomial logistic regression to characterize typologies by multilevel predictors, and multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) log-binomial regression …

Heterogeneity in preferences for HIV prevention service delivery among women of reproductive age in western Kenya: a latent class analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacies might create opportunities for pregnant women to initiate HIV prevention services earlier and more regularly, but t … : 18-27). 213 (33%) were married or living with a partner, and 311 (52%) had a prior pregnancy. The latent class analysis identified four distinct groups: the clinic-seeking group (n = 108, 18.0%), the all-about-PrEP group (n = 187, 31.2%), the all-about-STI testing group (n = 224, 37.4%), and the price-sensitive group (n = 80, 13.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Women in this study …

Intraoperative Arterial Waveform Morphology Trajectories and Prediction of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury: A Latent-Class Analysis of the VitalDB Registry.

Background: Intraoperative hypotension is an established risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), but whether arterial waveform morphology adds prognostic information beyond the hypotension burden is unknown. Methods: In this study, 2587 adult surgical cases from the Vital Signs Database (VitalDB) with continuous invasive arterial waveforms and creatinine-based (KDIGO) AKI ascertainment were analyzed retrospectively. Maximal systolic upstroke (dP/dtmax), a late-diastolic pressure-decay descriptor (τ), and a waveform-derived dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn), modeled as latent-

Identifying Subtypes of Cannabis Use Disorder: A Latent Class Analysis Among Daily Cannabis Consumers and Associated Sociodemographic and Cannabis Characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is relatively common among daily cannabis consumers; however, no studies have explored subtypes of CUD based on updated DSM-5 CUD criteria among daily consumers. Our study fills this gap and explores differences between subtypes in sociodemographic and cannabis correlates. METHODS: US adults aged 18 years or older were recruited from social media (February to April 2022) to complete an online survey including sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex, reason for cannabis use), cannabis use behaviors, and DSM-5 CUD criteria. Latent class analyses

Patterns of proactive health behaviors and associated factors among middle-aged and older women in China: a latent class analysis.

BACKGROUND: To address the challenges of aging, the Chinese government has introduced the localized concept of “proactive health”, which emphasizes individual responsibility for health, proactive health information seeking, and health-promoting actions. This study aims to identify latent classes of proactive health behaviors and associated factors among middle-aged and older Chinese women using latent class analysis. METHODS: A serial cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 4,243 middle-aged and older women who underwent physical examinations at a tertiary hospital in Changsha C…

Profiling the HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Cascade in Japan: A Latent Class Analysis of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

To understand opportunities for improving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, this study constructed a PrEP cascade and examined subgroup profiles associated with transitions along the cascade among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Japan. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to March 2021. The four-step PrEP cascade included awareness, willingness, initiation, and regimen use. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified participant subgroups, and logistic regression examined associations with the most significant drop-off in the cascade. Amon…

Moderate drinking benefits cognitive health in middle-aged and older Chinese: A latent class growth model analysis based on CHARLS.

While alcohol use among older population is linked to various health risks, recent studies indicate potential benefits from moderate consumption, highlighting a contentious debate regarding its impact on health in this demographic. This study aims to identify distinct trajectories of alcohol use among middle-aged and older adults in China and examine their associations with multidimensional health outcomes, including cardiovascular, cognitive, and psychological health. This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), tracking a sample of 10,927 partici

Symptoms, Symptom Profiles, and Healthcare Utilization in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study and Latent Class Analysis.

Symptom burden is known to be high in patients with hematologic malignancies and can adversely impact patients' quality of life. The aims of this retrospective observational cohort study were to explore symptoms in patients with hematologic malignancies, including during the last year of life, to explore symptom profiles in patients with hematologic malignancies, and to explore associations among symptoms/symptom profiles and demographic, clinical, and treatment-related variables. Symptom prevalence and severity and symptom profiles were explored in patients with hematologic malignancies who c

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… For Cohort C (Died Within a Year of PROMs), the latent class analysis found that a three-class model was the most defensible. … Research techniques made simple: Latent class analysis J. Investig. Dermatol. 2020 140 1676 1680.e1 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.079 32800180 60. Weller B.E. Bowen N.K. Faubert S.J. Latent class analysis: A guide to best practice J. Black Psychol. 2020 46 287 311 10.1177/0095798420930932 61. Sinha P. …

Classifying complex multimorbidity using latent class analysis and machine learning to generate insights into clustering of mental and cardiometabolic conditions.

Machine learning techniques earn higher accuracy and robustness in multimorbidity prediction at this moment in time. Among various forms of multimorbidity, complex multimorbidity, especially the intersection of cardiometabolic disorders and mental health conditions, poses a serious threat to the public health system and needs special priority interventions. Within the scope of this context, current study aimed to define complex multimorbidity clusters using latent class analysis (LCA), test the performance of different machine learning models for accurate classification and prediction, and ide…

Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis.

The performance of direct tests, such as bacteriological culture and qPCR, for the diagnosis of brucellosis has been evaluated in a limited number of studies, often based on small sample sizes. Moreover, the absence of a gold standard makes this assessment even more challenging. A potential alternative for evaluating the performance of direct tests is Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA), which does not require prior knowledge of disease status or a gold standard. This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of bacteriological culture for brucellosis diagnosis. In a …

Not all traders gamble, but some gamblers trade: a latent class analysis of trading and gambling behaviors among retail investors.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify subgroups of retail investors based on their engagement in trading and gambling activities, and to … skin betting). 28.6 % of respondents engaged in non-professional trading. RESULTS: Using weighted latent class analysis we identified three distinct subgroups of retail investors: crypto-traders (52.4 %), focused on cryptocurrency trading with minimal gambling; stock-traders (32 %), involved in stocks/ETFs and lotteries, and gambling-traders (15.6 %), heavily involve …

Comparative performance and age dependence of tuberculin and defined antigen bovine tuberculosis skin tests assessed with Bayesian latent class analysis.

Tuberculin skin tests (TST), the primary diagnostic tool for bovine tuberculosis (bTB), cross-react with BCG vaccine. Recently developed defined antigen skin tests (DSTs) aim to differentiate infected amongst vaccinated animals. We evaluated the field performance of different interpretations of the TST and DSTs relative to IGRA and IDEXX M. bovis antibody tests. This panel of tests was assessed in 446 unvaccinated cattle across 22 Ethiopian dairy herds using Bayesian latent class models. We extended the standard Walter-Hui model to include age-related effects to explore evidence of the presenc

Examining amyloid reduction as a surrogate endpoint through latent class analysis using clinical trial data for dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease.

INTRODUCTION: Increasing evidence suggests that amyloid reduction could serve as a plausible surrogate endpoint for clinical and cognitive efficacy. The double-blind phase 3 DIAN-TU-001 trial tested clinical and cognitive declines with increasing doses of solanezumab or gantenerumab. METHODS: We used latent class (LC) analysis on data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit 001 trial to test amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) reduction as a potential surrogate biomarker. RESULTS: LC analysis categorized participants into three classes: amyloid no change, amyloid r

Simultaneous alleviation of verification and reference standard biases in a community-based tuberculosis screening study using Bayesian latent class analysis.

BACKGROUND: Estimation of prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy in tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys suffer from reference standard and verification biases. The former is attributed to the imperfect reference test used to bacteriologically confirm TB disease. The latter occurs when only the participants screening positive for any TB-compatible symptom or chest X-ray abnormality are selected for bacteriological testing (verification). Bayesian latent class analysis (LCA) alleviates the reference standard bias but suffers verification bias in TB prevalence surveys. This work aims to identif…

Stressful Life Events and Patterns of Polysubstance Use Among U.S. Late Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis.

The goals of this study were to identify patterns of polysubstance use and their associations with stressful life events among U.S. late middle-aged and older adults and examine whether gender moderates these associations. Adults aged 50 and older (N = 14,738) from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III were included. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of polysubstance use. Weighted multinomial logistic regression was estimated with a generalized structural equation model. Three different polysubstance use patterns (non-users/low substan…

Use of latent class analysis and patient reported outcome measures to identify distinct long COVID phenotypes: A longitudinal cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to 1) identify long COVID phenotypes based on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and 2) determine whether the phenotypes were associated with quality of life (QoL) and/or lung function. METHODS: This was a longitudinal cohort study of hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from March 2020 to January 2022 that was conducted across 4 Post-COVID Recovery Clinics in British Columbia, Canada. Latent class analysis was used to identify long COVID phenotypes using baseline PROMs (fatigue, dyspnea, cough, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder). We th…

Client preferences for HIV Care Coordination Program features in New York City: latent class analysis of a discrete choice experiment.

INTRODUCTION: The PROMISE study, launched in 2018, evaluates the implementation of revisions to the HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP) desi … and visit location (meet at home vs. via phone/video vs. program visit 30 or 60 minutes away). The latent class analysis identified different preference patterns. A choice simulation was performed to model client preferences for hypothetical CCPs as a whole. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-one CCP clients from six sites implementing the revised CCP completed the DCE …

A Latent Class Analysis of Student Eye Care Behavior: Evidence From a Sample of 6-17 Years Old in China.

PURPOSE: To understand the latent classes and distribution of an adolescent eye care behavior, and to provide a basis for the formulation of appropriate adolescent vision health management interventions. METHODS: Information on eye behavior and eye health of primary and secondary school students in Wuhan was collected by multistage stratified cluster sampling. The latent class analysis (LCA) method was used to analyze the students' eye care behavior, and the latent class model (LCM) was built. RESULTS: A total of 6,130 students were enrolled in this study, of which 53.56% were males, aged fr…