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Physical activity and risks of recurrence and progression among patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Previous studies in solid tumors link high physical activity (PA) levels to lower cancer recurrence risk, but evidence is lacking for patien … ks of first recurrence, multiple recurrences, and progression. Pre-to-postdiagnosis increases of 10 metabolic equivalent of task hour/week in leisure-time PA, equivalent to 3-4 h/week of walking or 1 h/week of running, were significantly associated with lower progression risk (hazard ratio at 3 months: 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.89-0.99). The self-reported and r …

Non-invasive MRI measurements of venous oxygenation, oxygen extraction fraction and oxygen consumption in neonates.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain oxygen consumption reflects neuronal activity and can therefore be used to investigate brain development or neuronal injury in neonates. In this paper we present the first results of a non-invasive MRI method to evaluate whole brain oxygen consumption in neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study 51 neonates were included. The T1 and T2 of blood in the sagittal sinus were fitted using the 'T2 prepared tissue relaxation inversion recovery' pulse sequence (T2-TRIR). From the T1 and the T2 of blood, the venous oxygenation and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF

Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise in HbSC sickle cell patients.

PURPOSE: Relative to healthy control individuals with normal hemoglobin (Hb), patients carrying the double heterozygous form of sickle cell disease (HbSC) display an impaired oxygen transport capacity. The present study was undertaken to determine the influence of the decreased oxygen availability associated with the presence of HbSC on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to endurance exercise. METHODS: Eleven black men affected by the double heterozygous form of the sickle cell disease (HbSC group) and seven healthy subjects with normal Hb (HbAA group) of the same ethnic origin sub

Mechanism of the lipid-mobilizing effect of alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists in the dog.

Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists may constitute putative antiobesity agents. These drugs may act: 1) by blockade of the antilipolytic alpha-2 adrenoceptor on fat cell membranes and 2) by activation of the sympathetic adrenergic system (blockade of central and presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors). Studies were undertaken in the dog, a species possessing fat cell alpha-2 and beta-adrenoceptors in order: 1) to define and compare the metabolic and endocrinological impacts of recently discovered alpha-2 antagonists [idazoxan and SK&F 86,466 (6-chloro-N-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine)] and o

Physical Activity and Survival After Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Despite the high global prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa), few epidemiologic studies have assessed physical activity in relati … t follow-up, 239 first recurrences/progressions occurred. Postdiagnosis total activity (>119 vs ≤42 metabolic equivalent [MET]-hours/week per year) was associated with a significantly lower all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.79; p value for trend <0.01). Postdiagnosis recreational activity (>26 vs ≤4 MET-hours/week …

Zileuton nanocrystals alter intestinal phase I/II metabolic enzymes and epithelial permeability in a sex-dependent manner.

The bioavailability of a drug is influenced by its physicochemical properties, dissolution rate, solubility, gastrointestinal tract permeability, and its absorption, distribution, and metabolism. Zileuton, a poorly soluble biopharmaceutical classification system class II drug prescribed for the treatment of asthma, was selected as a candidate for nanocrystal drug formulation. Our previous study demonstrated that zileuton nanocrystal formulation (NfZ) efficiently suppressed proinflammatory cytokines associated with asthma pathogenesis. Hence, this study aims to evaluate whether sex-dependent di

Catalase as a sulfide-sulfur oxido-reductase: An ancient (and modern?) regulator of reactive sulfur species (RSS).

Catalase is well-known as an antioxidant dismutating H2O2 to O2 and H2O. However, catalases evolved when metabolism was largely sulfur-based, long before O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) became abundant, suggesting catalase metabolizes reactive sulfide species (RSS). Here we examine catalase metabolism of H2Sn, the sulfur analog of H2O2, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other sulfur-bearing molecules using H2S-specific amperometric electrodes and fluorophores to measure polysulfides (H2Sn; SSP4) and ROS (dichlorofluorescein, DCF). Catalase eliminated H2Sn, but did not anaerobically generate H2S,

A Stratification Method for Identifying Subgroups at High-Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa.

Type 2 diabetes is rising globally, with sub-Saharan Africa facing the steepest projected increase. In low-resource settings, limited screen … profile, such as waist-to-hip ratio greater than 0.9, physical activity less than or equal to 2448 metabolic equivalent-minutes per week, and family history, shows elevated risk across regions and outperforms guideline-based definitions. Here we show that core anthropometric and familial factors are stable across populations, while others are region-specific, improvi …

Comparative Efficacy of Curcumin and Its Metabolite Tetrahydrocurcumin in Attenuating Diabetic Platelet Hyperreactivity by Suppressing Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation via an Oxidative Stress-Dependent Pathway.

Platelet hyperreactivity significantly contributes to the thrombotic risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study compared the effects of curcumin (CUR) and its intestinal metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) on diabetic platelet hyperreactivity using a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced T2DM mouse model and high glucose (HG)-stimulated human platelets. Dietary THC supplementation (800 mg/kg diet) for 4 weeks ameliorated metabolic parameters and attenuated platelet hyperreactivity (reduced aggregation and activation) in diabetic mice, showing superior efficacy to CUR. Mechanistically, THC demon

Trial-ready external controls for gene therapy: The MATCH cohort in maple syrup urine disease.

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a life-threatening metabolic disorder for which randomized trials are infeasible. We present the MSUD Age-matched Standard Treatment Cohort (MATCH), a prospective natural history study of 11 infants with classic MSUD followed from neonatal diagnosis to liver transplantation. Aligned with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance and International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) E9(R1), MATCH applies prespecified eligibility criteria, fixed visit cadence, adjudicated outcomes, and explicit handling of intercurrent events. Three of six outcome measures-propo

Характеристика физической активности людей, живущих с продвинутым множественным склерозом.

Мало что известно об участии в физической активности людей с продвинутым множественным склерозом (МС). Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы а) охарактеризовать самоотчетные уровни ПА и b) изучить вопрос о том, каким образом уровни ПА могут различаться в зависимости от социально-демографических (например, гендерные) и клинических (например, клинические курсы MS) характеристик у лиц с высоким уровнем МР. Мы использовали межсекторальный проект онлайнового обследования, в котором приняли участие 101 участник. ПА измерялась с использованием шкалы физической активности для лиц с физическими

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Little is known about physical activity (PA) participation in people with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to … ty Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities. The mean score on the scale was 4.5 (SD = 5.9) metabolic equivalent hours per day. There was a significant difference in scores based on employment, population density, living situation, disability, and assistive-device type (all p < .05). PA levels were higher in those who were employed, lived alone, required bilat …

Evolving trends and outcomes on the US liver transplant waitlist of alcohol-associated hepatitis patients with very high MELD scores.

Liver transplantation (LT) in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) has rapidly increased following the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the implementation of the Acuity Circle policy, raising questions of equity and utility. Waitlist mortality among high (≥37) Model for End-Stage Liver Disease LT candidates with AH and post-transplant survival were assessed with a semiparametric survival regression and a generalized linear mixed-effect model with LT centre- and listing date-level random intercepts. These models demonstrate a lower mortality for the candidates listed with AH (ad

Ornithine-A urea cycle metabolite enhances autophagy and controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Macrophages are professional phagocytes known to play a vital role in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and disease progression. Here we compare Mtb growth in mouse alveolar (AMs), peritoneal (PMs), and liver (Kupffer cells; KCs) macrophages and in bone marrow-derived monocytes (BDMs). KCs restrict Mtb growth more efficiently than all other macrophages and monocytes despite equivalent infections through enhanced autophagy. A metabolomics comparison of Mtb-infected macrophages indicates that ornithine and imidazole are two top-scoring metabolites in Mtb-infected KCs and tha

Purinyl-cobamide is a native prosthetic group of reductive dehalogenases.

Cobamides such as vitamin B12 are structurally conserved, cobalt-containing tetrapyrrole biomolecules that have essential biochemical functions in all domains of life. In organohalide respiration, a vital biological process for the global cycling of natural and anthropogenic organohalogens, cobamides are the requisite prosthetic groups for carbon-halogen bond-cleaving reductive dehalogenases. This study reports the biosynthesis of a new cobamide with unsubstituted purine as the lower base and assigns unsubstituted purine a biological function by demonstrating that Coα-purinyl-cobamide (purinyl

Measured physical activity in anorexia nervosa: features and treatment outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of measured physical activity (PA) in anorexia nervosa treatment outcome, and to compare the PA of patients with anorexia nervosa with age-matched controls. METHOD: PA was assessed by means of Sense Wear Armband before and after a cognitive-behavioral inpatient treatment in 53 consecutive females with anorexia nervosa, and in 53 healthy age-matched controls. RESULTS: At baseline, patients with anorexia nervosa exhibited a higher duration of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA≥3 Metabolic Equivalent Tasks (METs)) than controls (t = 2.91; p = .004). Dropouts had higher dur…

Olfaction under metabolic influences.

Recently published work and emerging research efforts have suggested that the olfactory system is intimately linked with the endocrine systems that regulate or modify energy balance. Although much attention has been focused on the parallels between taste transduction and neuroendocrine controls of digestion due to the novel discovery of taste receptors and molecular components shared by the tongue and gut, the equivalent body of knowledge that has accumulated for the olfactory system, has largely been overlooked. During regular cycles of food intake or disorders of endocrine function, olfactio

Mitochondrial abnormalities in cybrid cell models of sporadic Alzheimer's disease worsen with passage in culture.

We created and studied new cybrid cell lines from sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) or control (CTL) subjects to assess mitochondrial abnormalities just after metabolic selection ("early passage") and again six passages later ("late passage"). Cytochrome oxidase (CO) activities in early passage SAD cybrids created independently from the same platelet samples were highly correlated. Early passage SAD and CTL cybrids showed equivalent mitochondrial morphologies. Late passage SAD cybrids showed increased mitochondrial number, reduced mitochondrial size, and an approximately eightfold increase in

Effects of portal versus systemic venous drainage in kidney-pancreas recipients.

A randomized study of combined kidney-pancreas transplantation was performed on 30 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease to compare the consequences of pancreas transplantation with portal venous (PV) and systemic venous (SV) drainage. Fourteen patients (SV) group) received systemically drained and sixteen (PV group) portally drained pancreas allografts. Enteric drainage was performed in both groups. The routine follow-up included documentation of the clinical course and detailed endocrine studies. At 1 year after transplantation, the patient survival rate was 92% fo

Mouse models of human lysosomal diseases.

Genetically authentic animal models of human lysosomal diseases occur spontaneously in many mammalian species. However, most are among larger domestic or farm animals with only two well-defined genetic lysosomal diseases known among rodents. This status changed dramatically in recent years with the advent of the combined homologous recombination and embryonic stem cell technology, which allows directed generation of mouse models that are genetically equivalent to human diseases. Almost all known human sphingolipidoses, two mucopolysaccharidoses and aspartylglycosaminuria have so far been dupli

Hydrolysis of salicyluric acid in intestinal microorganisms and prolonged blood concentration of salicylic acid following rectal administration of salicyluric acid in rats.

The blood concentrations of salicyluric acid and salicylic acid following oral, intravenous, intracecal and rectal administration of salicyluric acid were determined in rats. After oral administration of salicyluric acid, salicyluric acid was rapidly absorbed. Salicylic acid was detected at low concentration. Following intravenous administration of salicyluric acid, salicyluric acid was detected in the blood and was rapidly eliminated. A trace amount of salicylic acid was detected, suggesting that systemic deconjugation of glycine was involved. Furthermore, in vitro incubation of salicyluric a