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The effect of early COVID-19 treatment with convalescent plasma on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.

At the COVID-19 pandemic onset, convalescent plasma, collected from patients recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 … d early treatment trial. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to quantify binding IgG, IgA, and IgM to nucleocapsid (N) protein and IgG to the USA-WA1/2020 spike (S) protein. Avidity assessed antibody maturation. CCP transfusion boosted post-transfusion plasma levels of N-specific IgG, but not IgA or IgM and had a lesser effect on S-specific IgG. Over the first 2 …

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimates between commercial lab serum specimens and blood donor specimens, United States, September-December 2021.

UNLABELLED: We estimated monthly cross-sectional seroprevalence rates of anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) and anti-spike (anti-S) antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in two U.S. nationwide studies. The nationwide blood donor seroprevalence (NBDS) study included specimens from blood donors, while the nationwide commercial laboratory seroprevalence (NCLS) study included residual serum specimens tested in commercial laboratories for reasons unrelated to the assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. In September-December 2021, specimens collected from both nationwide st…

Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Persistence in Individuals With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Compared to the General Population: A RECOVER-Adult Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are at risk for worse acute and post-acute COVID-19 outcomes, though whether individuals with SARDs have longer persistence of viral antigens after COVID-19 has not been studied. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated post-COVID-19 differences in SARS-CoV-2 antigen (spike, spike protein that contains the receptor-binding domain, and nucleocapsid) positivity between individuals with SARDs (COVID-19 and Rheumatic Diseases [RheumCARD]) and without SARDs (Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery [RECOVER]-Adult). …

Clinical, Virologic, and Immunologic Evaluation of Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 Rebound Following Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, the first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protease inhibitor, reduces the risk of hospitalization and death by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but has been associated with symptomatic rebound after therapy completion. METHODS: Six individuals with relapse of COVID-19 symptoms after treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, 2 individuals with rebound symptoms without prior antiviral therapy and 7 patients with acute Omicron infection (controls) were studied. Soluble biomarkers and serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein were measu…

Structural and conformational analysis of SARS CoV 2 N-CTD revealing monomeric and dimeric active sites during the RNA-binding and stabilization: Insights towards potential inhibitors for N-CTD.

The advent of SARS-CoV-2 has become a universal health issue with no appropriate cure available to date. The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein combines viral genomic RNA into a ribonucleoprotein and protects the viral genome from the host's nucleases. Structurally, the N protein comprises two independent domains: the N-terminal domain (NTD) for RNA-binding and C-terminal domain (CTD) involved in RNA-binding, protein dimerization, and nucleocapsid stabilization. The present study explains the structural aspects associated with the involvement of nucleocapsid C-terminal domain in the subunit …

How does severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) achieve immune evasion?: A narrative review.

COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious disease known … al role in SARS-CoV-2's ability to evade the immune system. Within the structure of SARS-CoV-2, the nucleocapsid protein plays a pivotal role in RNA replication and transcription. Concurrently, this protein can engage in phase separation with RNA. A thorough examination of the phase separation related to the nucleocapsid protein may unveil the mechanism by whi …

The S RNA genomic sequences of Inkoo, San Angelo, Serra do Navio, South River and Tahyna bunyaviruses.

The complete nucleotide sequences of the small (S) genomic RNA segments of five California (CAL) serogroup bunyaviruses (two Inkoo virus strains, San Angelo virus, Serra do Navio virus, South River virus and Tahyna virus) were determined. In agreement with previously published data concerning CAL serogroup viruses, the nucleocapsid (N) and non-structural (NSs) proteins were encoded in over-lapping open reading frames (ORFs). All N protein ORFs were 708 nucleotides in length and encoded a 235 amino-acid gene product. The NSs ORFs were either 279 or 294 nucleotides in length, which would encode …

Safety and immunogenicity of a synthetic multiantigen modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based COVID-19 vaccine (COH04S1): an open-label and randomised, phase 1 trial.

BACKGROUND: COH04S1, a synthetic attenuated modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens, was tested for safety and immunogenicity in healthy adults. METHODS: This combined open-label and randomised, phase 1 trial was done at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center (Duarte, CA, USA). We included participants aged 18-54 years with a negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody and PCR test, normal haematology and chemistry panels, a normal electrocardiogram and troponin concentration, negative pregnancy test if female, body-mass index of 30 kg/m2 or less,…

Investigation of the Pentathiepin Functionality as an Inhibitor of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) via a Potential Zinc Ejection Mechanism, as a Model for HIV Infection.

A small diverse library of pentathiepin derivatives were prepared to evaluate their efficacy against the nucleocapsid protein function of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as a model for HIV, using an in vitro cell culture approach. This study led to the development of nanomolar active compounds with low toxicity.

Протеин аденовируса VII человека препятствует производству I I IFN, антагонизируя вирусный RNA сенсор RIG-I.

Геномы человеческих аденовирусов (HAdVs) — двойная структура ДНК, связанная с вирусным нуклеокапсидским протеином VII. Во время заражения HADV хозяйская полимераза может производить вирусные РНК (VA RNAs), которые распознаются с помощью региноидно-кислотного гена I (RIG-I). Однако остается неясным, сможет ли HADV как вирус ДНК избежать сенсоров РНК, и если да, то каким образом. Здесь мы показываем, что нуклеокапсидский белок VII из HADV может помешать производству интерферона типа I (IFN) путем антагонизации RIG-I. Выясняется, что прекурсор HADV/C5 (C5preVII) белка VII может препятствовать тре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The genomes of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are double-stranded DNA bound with viral nucleocapsid protein VII. During HAdV infection, host RNA polymerase can produce viral-associated RNAs (VA RNAs) that are recognized by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). However, it remains unclear whether and how HAdV, as a DNA virus, can evade RNA sensors. Here, we sho…

Potential Usefulness of IgA for the Early Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Comparison With IgM.

Serological testing can be a powerful complementary approach to achieve timely diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV … f SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies against spike antigens. Either the analysis of antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid antigen or a combination of antibodies against the nucleocapsid and spike antigens may strengthen the accuracy of serological evaluation.

Oligoclonal IgG antibody response in the central nervous system to different measles virus antigens in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Agarose electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid from two patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis revealed in both cases several homogeneous bands in the intermediate and basic gammaglobulin region. The bands were identified as IgG with various degrees of kappa or lambda light-chain restriction in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Homogeneous IgG bands were separated by preparative agarose electrophoresis and were found to represent measles virus-specific antibodies. Antibody activities against different virus products (hemolysin, hemagglutinin, and nucleocapsids) were carried by differen…

Nuclear inclusions in Paget's disease of bone.

The ultrastructure of bone cells was examined in biopsies from 18 patients with Paget's disease of bone and from 60 patients with a variety of other bone diseases. A characteristic nuclear inclusion was found in the osteoclasts of each patient with Paget's disease. The nuclear inclusion most closely resembles viral nucleocapsids of the measles type.

Evidence of persistent measles virus infection in Crohn's disease.

Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the microvasculature of perfusion-fixed tissues from Crohn's disease and control patients. Paramyxovirus-like particles, and inclusions consisting of condensations of nucleocapsid, in giant cells and endothelium at foci of vascular injury were identified in all 9 Crohn's disease patients. Tissues from patients with Crohn's disease were also examined by either in situ hybridisation (n = 10) or immunohistochemistry (n = 15), and compared to inflammatory and noninflammatory controls (n = 22). Hybridisation for measles virus N-protein genomic RN…

Measles virus infection of cells in perivascular infiltrates in the brain in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: confirmation by non-radioactive in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy.

As part of continuing multidisciplinary studies on the neuropathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), in situ hybridisation, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy were used to detect measles virus nucleic acid, protein and nucleocapsids in brain perivascular infiltrates of three cases. Perivascular cuffing cells which contained measles virus nucleic acid and antigens were found in all cases. Infected cuffs occurred predominantly in areas of general parenchymal cell infection and in many of these a high proportion of the infiltrating cells were infected. Other cuffs in t…

Isolation of an arenavirus from a marmoset with callitrichid hepatitis and its serologic association with disease.

Callitrichid hepatitis (CH) is an acute, often fatal viral infection of New World primates from the family Callitrichidae. The etiologic age … ns had the same electrophoretic mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels as did the nucleocapsid, GP2, and GPC proteins of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Monoclonal antibodies specific for these arenavirus proteins also reacted with the three CHV antigens. Conversely, the CH-specific antisera reacted with the nucleocapsid, GP2, and …

Failure of rabies postexposure prophylaxis in patients presenting with unusual manifestations.

We report an atypical case of paralytic rabies presenting with trismus followed by limb weakness, areflexia, ophthalmoparesis, and bilateral ptosis. Atypical presentations and history of rabies postexposure prophylaxis led to delayed diagnosis. Nucleocapsid and glycoprotein genes of rabies viruses from the patient's and biting dog's brains were of identical sequences.

Self-Reported Long COVID and Its Association with the Presence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Danish Cohort up to 12 Months after Infection.

The majority of long coronavirus disease (COVID) symptoms are not specific to COVID-19 and could be explained by other conditions. The present study aimed to explore whether Danish individuals with a perception that they suffer from long COVID have antibodies against the nucleocapsid antigen, as a proxy for detecting previous infection. The study was conducted in February and March 2021, right after the second surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark. All members of the social media group on Facebook "Covidramte med senfølger" ("long COVID sufferers'') above the age of 17 years and living in …

A digital SERS platform powered by bispecific antibody fragments for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassays are powerful analytical tools for protein detection while typically rely on the availa … vent calling, and kinetic regularization within one unified platform. Specifically, we fuse an anti-nucleocapsid nanobody with a single-chain variable fragment targeting methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) grafted onto the SERS nanotag surfaces. This design facilitates straightforward, oriented BsAb conjugation, preserving its functionality. The DigibiSERS plat …

Case report: Persistence of residual antigen and RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in tissues of two patients with long COVID.

The World Health Organization has defined long COVID-19 (LC) as a condition that occurs in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infectio … mptoms 163 and 426 days after symptom onset. With multiplex immunohistochemistry, we detected viral nucleocapsid protein in all three tissues. The nucleocapsid protein was further observed to colocalize with macrophage marker CD68, suggesting that immune cells were direct targets of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, using RNAscope, the presence of viral RNA was also d …