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Identification and quantification of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease.

Multiple system atrophy is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by abnormal accumulations of α-synuclein in the cytopla … on are also features of multiple sclerosis (MS) in which recent studies have highlighted the robust remyelination capacity of the central nervous system (CNS). The cells responsible for remyelination are called oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). In this study, we investigated the role of OPCs in the pathogenesis of MSA and progressive supranuclear palsy ( …

Nanosystems and exosomes as future approaches in treating multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which leads to neurological dysfunctions a … neuroprotective agents which may contribute to modulation of the immune system as well as promoting remyelination and tissue repair. In this review, opportunities to use nanosystems against progression of MS will be discussed in context of cell-specific pathologies associated with MS.

Nerve root hypertrophy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

A patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and central demyelinating disease is described in whom striking nodular filling defects on multiple lumbar-sacral nerve roots, mimicking neurofibromata, were observed at myelography and magnetic resonance imaging. We suggest that these lesions are secondary to recurrent segmental demyelination and remyelination and that the differential diagnosis of this radiological feature should include CIDP.

Is ischemia implicated in chronic multifocal demyelinating neuropathy?

We describe a patient with chronic multifocal demyelinating neuropathy associated with persistent conduction block. Multifascicular lesions in sural nerve included a complete loss of myelinated fibers, demyelination, remyelination, onion bulb formation, and axonal attenuation. On the basis of these morphometric results we hypothesize that nerve ischemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic multifocal demyelinating neuropathy.

Polyneuropathy in progressive external ophthalmoplegia.

A case of progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) in association with peripheral neuropathy and other neural and visceral manifestations is reported. Pathological studies of the sural nerve demonstrated loss of large myelinated fibers, segmental demyelination with remyelination, and excess of zebra bodies in the Schwann cells on electron microscopy. Peripheral neuropathy in the course of PEO is regarded as a further although rare aspect of a multisystem disease.

Protective and therapeutic role of Bilobalide in cuprizone-induced demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent and progressive demyelination, neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte loss. The cuprizone (CPZ) model is characterized by primary and reversible demyelination, accompanied by oligodendrocyte loss and neuroinflammation. In the current study, we explored the efficiency of Bilobalide in the demyelination and remyelination. The results demonstrate that Bilobalide improved behavioral abnormality and promoted remyelination in the corpus callosum by using Luxol Fast Blue, Black Gold II a…

Non-demyelinating, reversible conduction failure in a case of pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness overlapped by Fisher syndrome.

Pathophysiologically, Guillain-Barré syndrome is divided into demyelinating and axonal subtypes. Recent studies have shown that serial nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are required to differentiate a demyelination-remyelination pathophysiology from one with axonal nodal reversible conduction failure. Cases with an overlap of pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness and Fisher syndrome (PCB/FS) are uncommon; the NCS findings of such cases have not been well described and the evolution of the NCS findings has not been previously studied. We describe the clinical features and serial NCS findings of a…

Berberine promotes axonal regeneration in injured nerves of the peripheral nervous system.

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid component of Coptidis Rhizoma (goldenthread) extract, has been reported to have therapeutic potential fo … ry model of the rat sciatic nerve, we examined the neuroregenerative effects of berberine on axonal remyelination by using immunohistochemical analysis. Four weeks after berberine administration (20 mg/kg i.p. once per day for 1 week), the thickness of remyelinated axons improved approximately 1.4-fold in the distal stump of the injury site. Taken together, the …

Expression of heat shock protein-65 by oligodendrocytes in vivo and in vitro: implications for multiple sclerosis.

We studied immunoreactivity for heat shock proteins (HSPs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue and detected HSP-65 in chronic MS plaques … nteraction within MS plaques that leads to the destruction of immature oligodendrocytes involved in remyelination.

Targeted Drug Delivery in Animal Models of Demyelination: The Role of Plant-Based Nanoparticles with a Focus on Multiple Sclerosis.

Demyelinating diseases disrupt neural signaling through immune-mediated myelin damage, leading to sensory, motor, and cognitive deficits, particularly in multiple sclerosis (MS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), restricting therapies like fingolimod, which manage inflammation but do not support remyelination. Plant-based nanoparticles (NPs) with phytochemicals offer biocompatible, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective advantages, presenting alternatives for treatment. This review explores the therapeutic potential of plant-ba…

Investigational approaches to multiple sclerosis therapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Multiple sclerosis (MS) research is entering a new therapeutic era. Beyond relapse rate reduction, the prevention of disability progression and, ideally, even the avoidance of disease development are now being formulated as new therapeutic goals. This review summarizes emerging treatment strategies spanning next-generation immunomodulation, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) targeted interventions, remyelination agents, and cell-based therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Central nervous system (CNS) penetrant Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors show early indications of slowing progress…

Long-term cuprizone administration resulted in cognitive decline and kynurenine metabolic disturbance: novel findings.

The cuprizone (CPZ) animal model is suitable for studying the neurodegenerative processes of multiple sclerosis (MS). Cognitive decline is widespread in MS and markedly impacts patients' quality of life. Alterations in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation are also present in MS and its CPZ model. Our aim was to investigate the KP while analyzing cognitive abilities during long-term CPZ exposure and recovery. Mice were fed with 0.2% CPZ for 12 weeks followed by a 4-week recovery phase. At multiple time points during demyelination and remyelination, we analyzed cognitive ability…

18:2 Cholesterol Ester is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker of Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents diverse clinical outcomes. Cholesterol esterification (CE) has been implicated as a disease mechanism involved in the remyelination process. We investigated whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 18:2 cholesterol ester (18:2 CE) levels at diagnosis could predict 10-year MS progression. We aimed to determine if CSF 18:2 CE levels correlate with long-term disease progression. In a retrospective case-control single-centre study with 115 MS patients and 57 controls, we conducted targeted lipidomic analysis of CSF. Clinical data, oligoclonal bands, brain and spinal cord …

Therapeutic effects of conditioned medium of immortalized dental pulp stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth against experimental autoimmune neuritis.

Cell-free therapy using the conditioned medium (CM) of mesenchymal stem cells has attracted great interest in regenerative medicine due to i … ly downregulated the negative regulator c-JUN in the sciatic nerves, suggesting the augmentation of remyelination. Moreover, SHED-CM augmented the proliferation of mouse Schwann cell line IMS32 cells partly depending upon HGF, neuregulin 1, and bFGF. SHED-CM induced phosphorylation of c-MET and neuregulin 1 receptors ErbB2-4. In primary mouse Schwann cells, SHE …

Enhanced spinal cord injury repair by nerve extracellular matrix/carboxymethyl chitosan /oxidized alginate hydrogel containing OE-MSCs.

Hydrogels containing stem cells are a promising strategy to improve spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. Recent advances in tissue engineering h … capacity to secrete neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors that support axonal regeneration and remyelination. In vivo study, injection of the hydrogel containing OE-MSCs into SCI models was able to effectively fill cystic cavities at the lesion site and provide a suitable microenvironment to promote axonal regeneration and remyelination. These findings res …

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant skq1 reverses functional impairment and histopathological insults in a chronic animal model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), manifested by motor impairments. D … SkQ1 mice compared to the CPZ group. Histopathological investigations revealed significantly higher remyelination in the corpus callosum of CPZ + SkQ1 mice than in the CPZ group. Evaluation of oxidative stress levels showed that SkQ1 administration resulted in a statistical increase in the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total thiols but a decrease in the m …

Молекулярный механизм и основные сигнальные пути развития и развития множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим, подстрекательским расстройством центральной нервной системы (CNS), которое часто приводит к значительной инвалидности, особенно у молодых людей. Считается, что его патогенез связан со сложным взаимодействием между генетической предрасположенностью и экологическими факторами, кульминацией которого является воспаление CNS. Несмотря на обширные исследования, варианты лечения MS остаются ограниченными и зачастую лишь частично эффективными. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются ключевые сигнальные пути, связанные с продвижением НР, с уделением особого в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder that often leads to significant disability, particu … and PI3K/Akt pathways. The FGF pathway, particularly FGF2, plays a pivotal role in myelination and remyelination, while also contributing to neuroinflammation and disease exacerbation. Dysregulated MAPK/ERK signaling in microglia is associated with neurodegeneration, and NF-kB activation in glial cells promotes inflammation and demyelination. The JAK/STAT path …

Безопасность и эффективность opicinumab у участников с повторным множественным склерозом (AFFINITY Part 1: случайный, контролируемый, этап 2.

Опицинумаб, человек-моноклональная антитела против ЛИНПО-1, гипотетизируется в целях поощрения ремиэлизации путем усиления дифференциации клеток потомков олигодендроцитов. ЦЕЛЬ: Цель исследования заключается в изучении эффективности и безопасности opicinumab в качестве дополнительного средства лечения против воспаления заболеваний (ДМТ) у участников с повторным множественным склерозом (RMS). МЕТОДЫ: Участники РМС в возрасте 18-58 лет с продолжительностью болезни до 20 лет были случайными: 1:1 для получения внутривенных вливания плацебо или opicinumab каждые 4 недели в течение 72 недель. Первос

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Opicinumab, a human monoclonal antibody against LINGO-1, is hypothesized to promote remyelination by enhancing the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of opicinumab as an add-on therapy to anti-inflammatory disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in parti…

Достижения в области терапевтических исследований в области демиелинизирующих заболеваний.

Болезни демиелина представляют собой группу хронических и изнурительных неврологических расстройств, при этом разрушение миелинской оболочки служит основной патологической отличительной чертой. Центральный патогенез связан с иммунно-посредованным повреждением олигодендроцитов (Оль) и миелинового распада, сопровождающимся порочным циклом нейроинфламмации и нарушенным эпигенетическим восстановлением. Нынешние терапевтические стратегии, включая традиционные иммунодуляторные агенты, направленные против моноклонных антител, эффективно контролируют рецидивы заболеваний, но демонстрируют ограниченную

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Demyelinating diseases comprise a group of chronic and debilitating neurological disorders, with the destruction of the myelin sheath servin … ng neural repair. Consequently, research focus is increasingly shifting towards neuroprotective and remyelination strategies. In this context, Emerging therapeutic promise stems primarily from two fronts: the advent of novel pharmaceuticals, such as remyelination-promoting drugs targeting oligodendrocyte maturation, interventions inhibiting epigenetic silencing …

AAV1.NT3 генная терапия смягчает остроту аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита в модели мыши для множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое воспалительное и нейродегенеративное заболевание центральной нервной системы (КНС), которое оказывает воздействие более чем на организм человека. 2.5 million Пациенты по всему миру. Хроническое обезвоживание в ЦНС играет важную роль в увековечении аксоновых потерь и увеличивает трудности в поощрении воспоминаний. Поэтому стратегии регенерации и нейрозащиты имеют важное значение для преодоления этого препятствия для сохранения аксоновой целостности и функции. Нейропофин 3 (В тыс.NT-3) обладает иммунодуляционными и антивоспалительными свойствами, помимо ш

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting more than 2.5 million patients worldwide. Chronic demyelination in the CNS has an important role in perpetuating axonal loss and increases difficulty in promoting remyelination. Therefore, regenerative, and neuroprote…