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Recent use of oral contraceptives and the risk of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Exogenous estrogens affect the onset and clinical course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Oral contraceptives, a frequent source of exogenous estrogens in humans, could have a role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE: To examine whether recent oral contraceptive use and pregnancy history are associated with the risk of MS. DESIGN AND SETTING: A case-control study nested in the General Practice Research Database. This database contains prospective health information (drug prescriptions and clinical diagnoses) on more than 3 million Britons who are e…

Simultaneous serodetection of 10 highly prevalent mouse infectious pathogens in a single reaction by multiplex analysis.

Under current practices of mouse colony maintenance, sera from mice are analyzed for antibodies against several widespread infectious pathog … cent microbeads were coated with antigens from Sendai virus, mouse hepatitis virus, Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus/GDVII strain, mouse minute virus, mouse cytomegalovirus, respiratory enteric orphan virus (Reo-3 virus), mouse parvovirus, calf rotavirus for epizootic diarrhea virus of infant mice, vaccinia virus for ectromelia virus, and Mycoplasma pulmonis …

[Non-traumatic acute transverse spinal cord syndromes].

Differential diagnosis of non-traumatic, acute transverse spinal cord syndromes should cover compressive myelopathy (mostly hematomas or tum … ctious inflammatory myelitis, one must differentiate between multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), idiopathic transverse myelitis and that of the neuromyelitis optica or Devic's disease. Symptomatic transverse myelitis can also be present in association with connective tissue diseases (e.g. SLE, Behçet's disease, Sjögren's syndrome) or sa …

Visualization of Central European tick-borne encephalitis infection in fatal human cases.

Central European tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by a flavivirus vectored by the Ixodes ricinus tick. In severe infections, TBE presents as (myelo)meningoencephalitis with considerable mortality. Characteristic neuropathologic changes feature a multinodular to patchy polioencephalomyelitis accentuated in spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum. Visualization of viral infection by immunohistochemistry has not yet been achieved. We analyzed immunohistochemically the distribution of viral antigens and its correlation with neuropathologic changes, serological data, and disease duration in 2…

Potassium channel blockade by the sea anemone toxin ShK for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.

Expression of the two lymphocyte potassium channels, the voltage-gated channel Kv1.3 and the calcium activated channel IKCa1, changes during … 1.3 blocking scorpion toxin kaliotoxin have been shown to prevent and treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats, a model for multiple sclerosis. A fluoresceinated analog of ShK, ShK-F6CA, has been developed, which allows the detection of activated TEM cells in human and animal blood samples by flow cytometry and the visualization of Kv1.3 channel dist …

More severe neurologic deficits in SJL/J male than female mice following Theiler's virus-induced CNS demyelination.

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is more prevalent in women than men, male MS patients develop more severe clinical symptoms and deteriorate faster than female patients. We investigated the differences in CNS demyelinating disease between SJL/J male and female mice following Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. Infected female mice had consistently higher serum levels of virus-specific IgG at 14 and 21 days and and 7 months postinfection, which resulted in less infectious virus in CNS. All male mice infected for 6 to 7 months developed paralysis, with 50% displaying bilat…

The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates viral-induced encephalitis.

The double-stranded (ds) RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) plays an important role in control of viral infections and cell growth. We have … bral infection of mice with a mouse-adapted poliovirus. Histopathological analysis revealed diffuse encephalomyelitis with severe inflammatory lesions throughout the central nervous system (CNS) in infected wild-type mice. In contrast, histopathological evaluation of virus-injected trans-dominant-negative PKR transgenic mice as well as PKR knock-out mice yielded no …

Clinical and necropsy findings associated with increased mortality among American alligators of Lake Griffin, Florida.

From December, 1997, through November, 2000, 306 deaths were documented among adult and subadult American alligators (Alligator mississippie … micircularis in the midbrain, two had skeletal myofiber atrophy, another had diffuse nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis, and one mildly affected alligator had skeletal myodegeneration. The cause or causes have not yet been identified.

Neurological involvement in acute Q fever: a report of 29 cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Q fever is characterized by its clinical polymorphism; neurological involvement has occasionally been described. In the course of acute Q fever, neurological manifestations may include aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or encephalomyelitis, and peripheral neuropathy. OBJECTIVE: To review and evaluate cases of acute Q fever with neurological symptoms diagnosed in our laboratory. METHODS: A total of 1269 acute Q fever cases were recorded from January 1985 to January 2000 in our laboratory and were reviewed for neurological complications. Patients were considered to have acute Q feve…

Induction of protective immune responses against Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus aerosol challenge with microencapsulated VEE virus vaccine.

Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, causes disease in humans and equids. The virus is normally transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito however, it can also be highly infectious by aerosol. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of formalin-fixed, 60Co-irradiated VEE virus microencapsulated in poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide in inducing immune responses protective against aerosol challenge with virulent VEE virus. Balb/c mice were primed by subcutaneous injection of microencapsulated VEE virus v…

Detection of human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA and analysis of T cell receptor V beta CDR3 sequences in spinal cord lesions of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.

Identification of the localization of human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA in the central nervous system (CNS) is crucia … ain lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in a rat T cell clone derived from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions. The present results suggest that T cells containing restricted V beta CDR3 motifs, which are also found in MS and EAE, become activated upon HTLV-I infection and infiltrate into the spinal cord lesions of HAM/TSP patients.

Seromonitoring in small laboratory animal colonies. A five year survey: 1984-1988.

From 1984 to 1988 one thousand serologic investigations of laboratory animal colonies originating from 10 different European countries were performed. The most prevalent infections in mouse stocks were caused by Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Minute virus of mice (MVM), Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (TEMV), Reovirus type 3 (Reo3), Sendaivirus, and Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). In mice no infections with Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM), Polyomavirus, Mouse adenovirus, and K-virus were recorded. Only two colonies were infected by Ectromelia virus. The first six virus infections of mi…

Systemic disease in Peromyscus leucopus associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection.

Sixteen wild Peromyscus leucopus, trapped for the establishment of a breeding colony, developed signs of neurological damage (trembling, inc … and bacteria, including Listeria (2/2), Mycoplasma (2/2), mouse hepatitis virus (10/10), Theilers's encephalomyelitis virus (GD VII) (8/8), REO 3 virus (2/2), and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (4/4). There was no bacterial growth from brains cultured on eosin methylene blue or blood agar (3/3). Histologic lesions included nonsuppurative cellular infiltrates in …

Stiff-Person Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of a Rare Disease with Emphasis on Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Advances.

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is an rare autoimmune neurological disorder that is associated with progressive axial and proximal muscle rigidi … n spectrum disorders that include classic SPS, stiff-limb syndrome, SPS-plus forms, and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus. Complexity in the diagnosis is associated with clinical heterogeneity, the variability of assays in anti-GAD65 testing, seronegative manifestations, and overlap of functional and psychiatric disorders, which highlights t …

Methylglyoxal-modification of NLRP3 interrupts NLRP3-NEK7 interaction diminishing inflammasome activation and neuroinflammation.

BACKGROUND: The NLRP3 inflammasome is a supramolecular complex that mediates pyroptosis and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Aberra … igericin, ATP, or imiquimod), and in vivo using LPS-induced peritonitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models. Techniques including immunoblotting, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation were employed to investigate the effects of MGO on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its mechanism of action. RESULTS …

Virus-induced endothelial senescence as a cause and driving factor for ME/CFS and long COVID: mediated by a dysfunctional immune system.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID are two post-viral diseases, which share many common symptoms and pathophysiological alterations. Yet a mechanistic explanation of disease induction and maintenance is lacking. This hinders the discovery and implementation of biomarkers and treatment options, and ultimately the establishment of effective clinical resolution. Here, we propose that acute viral infection results in (in)direct endothelial dysfunction and senescence, which at the blood-brain barrier, cerebral arteries, gastrointestinal tract, and skeletal mu…

Transcriptome analysis of the prefrontal cortex identifies inflammatory genes associated with cognitive impairment in a model of multiple sclerosis.

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its relevance, however, knowledge of the key steps involved in its pathogenesis remains incomplete. Consequently, predictive biomarkers and actionable therapeutic options to counteract CI in MS patients are not available. To identify changes associated with CI in MS, we performed transcriptomic analyses of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a cortical region relevant for cognition, in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. Our analyses highlighted the strong upregulation of inflammatory pathways in …

MOG-Peptide Synergizes With Rapamycin to Drive CD4+ T Cells Into Protective Antigen-Specific Tregs in EAE.

During multiple sclerosis, immune responses directed against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) contribute to demyelination and neuro … the immunized animals showed pronounced resistance to clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). While the unimmunized group showed severe EAE symptoms. Notably, there was a significant increase in the population of memory Tregs that primarily expressed an immunosuppressive phenotype (FoxP3+, TGF-β+, IL-10+). This was accompanied by a de …

SPI1 инициирует образование нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек в множестве склероза через CXCL4.

Множественный склероз (MS) — обычное демиелинирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы, сопровождающееся хроническим воспалением и нейродегенерацией. Нейтрофилы и образование нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек (НЕТ) играют важную роль в заболеваниях центральной нервной системы. Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) является важнейшим регулятором развития и созревания миелиоидных клеток. Однако роль ИЦП1 в РС остается неясной. В рамках этого исследования в мышах была создана модель MS путем введения экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита (EAE). Для изучения воздействия SPI1 после MS было

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by chronic inflammation and neurodegene … In this study, an MS model was established in mice through the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Luxol fast blue staining, western blot, SYTOX Green, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were performed to study the effects of SPI1 after MS. In vitro experiments involved the use of western blot, IF staining, an …

Сигнал AhR в кожных клетках CD207+ используется для улучшения нейроинфламмации в результате УФБ.

Известно, что экологические стимулы, включая воздействие ультрафиолетового света (УФ)-В, играют определенную роль в модуляции иммунных механизмов в множестве склерозов (МС). Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE) показывает, что УФ-Б-облучение улучшает последствия заболевания за счет регулирующего расширения Т клеток (Treg). Кроме того, в НР было также отмечено введение УФБ-посредованное с помощью УФБ число "Трег". Арильский углеводородный рецептор (АХР) может быть активирован экологическими факторами, включая фотопродукты триптофана, вызванные УФБ. Таким образом, мы изучили роль

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Environmental stimuli, including the exposure to ultraviolet (UV)-B light, are known to play a role in the modulation of immune-mediated mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS). In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we have shown that UV-B irradiation ameliorates disease outcome by regulatory T cells (Treg) expansion. Moreover, the UV-B-mediated …