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Нейронное вторжение через периферальные нервы в эпидемическом вирусе, вызванном Enterovirus, Orthoflavivirus и SARS-Coronavirus.

Патогены вторгаются в центральную нервную систему (КНС) и вызывают инфекционные заболевания либо через гематогенный маршрут, либо через периферийные нервы. Нейронное вторжение через периферийные нервы, включая спинные или черепные соматические нервы, хорошо установлено для некоторых вирусных энцефалитов, таких, как бешенство, герпес простейший энцефалит и полиомиелит. Прогресс в понимании возникающих и вновь возникающих вирусов, вызывающих эпидемические инфекционные заболевания CNS, свидетельствует о растущей важности периферийных нервных путей при вирусном нейроразрушении. Основное внимание в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Pathogens invade the central nervous system (CNS) and cause infections either through the haematogenous route or via peripheral nerves. Neuroinvasion via peripheral nerves, involving spinal or cranial somatic nerves, is well-established for certain viral encephalitides such as rabies, herpes simplex encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. Advances in understanding …

Picolinic acid is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of enveloped virus entry that restricts SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in vivo.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights an urgent need for effective antivirals. Targeting host processes co-opted by viruses is an attractive antiviral strategy with a high resistance barrier. Picolinic acid (PA) is a tryptophan metabolite endogenously produced in mammals. Here, we report the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of PA against enveloped viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), flaviviruses, herpes simplex virus, and parainfluenza virus. Mechanistic studies reveal that PA inhibits enveloped virus entry by compromising viral…

A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management.

Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize the various dermatologic presentations among HIV-infected patients with a detailed categorization of the mucocutaneous signs and symptoms, their etiopathogenic factors, and clinical management. In fact, cutaneous manifestations of HIV are quite various, ranging from AIDS-specific skin eruptions (xerosis, pruritic papular eruptions, eosinophilic folliculitis, and acne), opportunistic infections (herpes simplex, molluscum contag…

Sexually Transmitted Infections & the Heart.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, with over 1 million new infections occurring dail … access to health resources and care. Syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis have been identified as having CV implications. Yet, the data linking compromised CV health and STIs have not previously been summarized. The present review e …

HSV-Induced Systemic Inflammation as an Animal Model for Behçet's Disease and Therapeutic Applications.

Behçet's disease (BD) affects multiple organs. It is mainly characterized by recurrent oral, skin, and genital aphthous ulcers, and eye involvement. Successful management of BD is increasing, although its etiology remains unclear. A number of etiologies have been proposed, including environmental, genetic, viral, and immunological factors. To understand its complex etiology and improve its management, animal models of BD have been used to enable more effective therapeutic applications with increased clinical significance. An herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1-induced BD mouse model has shown di…

A case with angiographic demonstration of isolated anterior spinal artery occlusion.

Anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS) is a rare syndrome which occurs due to thrombosis of anterior spinal artery (ASA) which supplies ante … amination, cell count and biochemistry was normal, oligoclonal band was negative, viral markers for herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 and type-2, Brucella, Borrellia, Treponema pallidum, Tuberculosis were negative. Diffusion restriction which reveals acute ischemia was detected in Diffusion weighted MRI. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed. Medic …

Importin-β and exportin-5 are indicators of acute viral infection: Correlation of their detection with commercially available detection kits.

This work focused on immunohistochemistry markers of acute viral infections. Viral infected cells were detected by in situ based methods (reovirus, rabies virus) or cytologic changes (human papillomavirus, molloscum contagiosum virus, herpes simplex virus). Two proteins involved in nuclear trafficking, importin-β and exportin-5, were detected in the infected cells for each virus and not in the control tissues. A wide variety of other proteins, including caspase-3, and bcl-2 family members (bcl2, bclX, MCL1, BAK, BAX, BIM, BAD) showed wide variations in expression among the different viral infe…

Pragmatic and Profound Benefits of Acyclovir Buccal Adhesive Tablets.

The clinician has many options, both systemic and topical, for the management of oro-labial herpes simplex infections due to HSV-1. A recent addition to this armamentarium is Acyclovir 50 mg Buccal Adhesive Tablets (ABT 50mg). While this agent demonstrates the typical modest reduction in time to healing of any given episode of recurrent oro-labial HSV 1, it also was found in pivotal studies to alter the course of this troublesome viral disease. Several case reports are presented which dramatically illustrate that ABT 50mg can reduce the overall number of overt outbreaks and increase the time i…

Aurintricarboxylic acid increases yield of HSV-1 vectors.

Production of large quantities of viral vectors is crucial for the success of gene therapy in the clinic. There is a need for higher titers of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) vectors both for therapeutic use as well as in the manufacturing of clinical grade adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. HSV-1 yield increased when primary human fibroblasts were treated with anti-inflammatory drugs like dexamethasone or valproic acid. In our search for compounds that would increase HSV-1 yield, we investigated another anti-inflammatory compound, aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA). Although ATA has been previou…

Sulfonyl-polyol N,N-dichloroamines with rapid, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.

The discovery and development of antimicrobial agents that do not give rise to resistance remains an ongoing challenge. Our efforts in this … occus aureus at neutral pH, and 1-h IC50's of 4.5-32 μM against Adenovirus 5 and 0.7-3.0 μM against Herpes simplex virus 1. The lead compounds were tested in a tissue culture irritancy assay and showed only minimal irritation at the highest concentrations tested.

Committee Opinion No. 582: addressing health risks of noncoital sexual activity.

Noncoital sexual behavior is a common expression of human sexuality, which commonly cooccurs with coital behavior. Sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis virus (types A, B, and C), syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydial infection, can be transmitted through noncoital sexual activity. When engaging in oral and anal sex, most individuals, including adolescents, are unlikely to use barrier protection for a variety of reasons, including a greater perceived safety of noncoital sexual activity compared with va…

Unusual clinical presentations of new-onset herpetic eye disease after ocular surgery.

PURPOSE: To report five cases of new-onset herpetic eye disease with unusual presentation after ocular surgery. METHODS: Herpetic eye disea … ection with real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed in all the described cases. RESULTS: Herpes simplex disease was detected in all cases. All cases responded to the antiherpetic medications. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that new-onset herpetic eye disease may occur after cataract surgery and lamellar corneal transplantation, and a high index of susp …

[STD in the eye].

In this paper, we review sexually transmitted diseases (STD) involving the eye. Recently conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis in chil … val tumor associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, acute retinal necrosis(ARN) due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), as well as hepatitis B virus (HVB) and hepatitis C virus (HVC) retinopathy are also mentioned in this review.

Virus inactivation by protein denaturants used in affinity chromatography.

Virus inactivation by a number of protein denaturants commonly used in gel affinity chromatography for protein elution and gel recycling has been investigated. The enveloped viruses Sindbis, herpes simplex-1 and vaccinia, and the non-enveloped virus polio-1 were effectively inactivated by 0.5 M sodium hydroxide, 6 M guanidinium thiocyanate, 8 M urea and 70% ethanol. However, pH 2.6, 3 M sodium thiocyanate, 6 M guanidinium chloride and 20% ethanol, while effectively inactivating the enveloped viruses, did not inactivate polio-1. These studies demonstrate that protein denaturants are generally e…

Testing for sexually transmitted diseases in U.S. Public health laboratories in 2004.

OBJECTIVE: Appropriate laboratory testing practices are a critical part of sexually transmitted disease (STD) control. GOAL: The goal of th … r percent of laboratories performed syphilis testing. Few laboratories used type-specific tests for herpes simplex virus or used new tests for trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, or human papillomavirus. CONCLUSIONS: This survey collected important data that can be used to monitor trends in STD testing practices in public health laboratories.

A cAMP response element within the latency-associated transcript promoter of HSV-1 facilitates induced ocular reactivation in a mouse hyperthermia model.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recombinant strain 17CRE contains a site-directed mutation in the 7-bp CRE consensus sequence located 38 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site. Scarified mouse corneas received inoculations of 17syn+ (parent), 17CRE, and rescue 17CREr. Slit lamp examination of herpetic lesions and tear film swabs containing infectious virus showed that 17CRE had the same acute phenotype as 17syn+ and 17CREr. At 4 weeks, when the corneas had healed and latency was established, mice received hyperthermic shock. Eye swabs taken 24 h after hyperthermia showed that…

Indications for corneal grafting in Zimbabwe.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the indications for corneal grafting in Zimbabwe. DESIGN: Hospital based retrospective study. SETTING: The study was conducted at Sekuru Kaguvi Eye Hospital. METHODS: Data were collected for patients who had corneal grafts performed at Sekuru Kaguvi Eye Hospital during the period January 1992 to March 1998. RESULTS: The leading indications for penetrating keratoplasty were keratoconus (26.8%), presumed post measles scarring (17.8%), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (12.5%), corneal scarring due to Herpes simplex keratitis (10.7%) and corneal scarring due to trauma (10.…

Successful treatment with alpha-interferon of a patient with chronic measles infection of the brain and parkinsonism.

Cell-mediated (type-1) immunity is necessary for immune protection against most intracellular pathogens and, when excessive, can mediate organ-specific autoimmune destruction. Mice deficient in Eta-1 (also called osteopontin) gene expression have severely impaired type-1 immunity to viral infection [herpes simplex virus-type 1 (KOS strain)] and bacterial infection (Listeria monocytogenes) and do not develop sarcoid-type granulomas. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma production is diminished, and IL-10 production is increased. A phosphorylation-dependent interaction between the amino-t…

Macrophage response to viruses, protozoa, and fungi: secretory and cellular activities induced in resting unprimed bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes.

The secretory (tumor necrosis factor, TNF-alpha; nitrite) and cellular response (mitochondrial respiration, TNF-alpha-independent tumoricidal activity) of a pure, lymphocyte-free population of resting, unprimed rat bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (BMM phi) to direct interaction with viruses, protozoa, and fungi was assessed and compared with that triggered by bacterial agents and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Viruses (herpes simplex, vaccinia, poliomyelitis, vesicular stomatitis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Sendai), protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei, Giardia lamblia), and fungi (Penici…

Viral pneumonia in the first month of life.

We performed a 5-year review of 40 patients less than or equal to 30 days of age with viral pneumonia. Isolates included respiratory syncytial virus (55%), enteroviruses (15%), rhinoviruses (15%), adenoviruses (10%), parainfluenza virus (7.5%) and herpes simplex virus (5%). Most infants were previously healthy but had ill family members. Nine were born at less than 37 weeks of gestation. Symptoms and signs included tachypnea, decreased feeding, cough, cyanosis, lethargy, retractions, apnea, bradycardia, seizures and depressed consciousness. Seasonality and clinical features, but not radiograph…