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Drug-Induced Raynaud's Phenomenon and Underlying Mechanism: A Disproportionality Analysis From the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to generate hypotheses about unknown drugs associated with the onset or worsening of Raynaud's phenomen … ity analyses, and 16 were considered probable after signal evaluation and prioritization, including amphetamine-like, antimigraine drugs, antineoplastics drugs, and dopaminergic agonists. Most of the targets involved were 5-HT1A receptors, sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporters, and beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Cluster analyses yielded inconsi …

Prevalence and toxicological significance of 3-CMC and 4-CMC: A Retrospective study of over 250 forensic cases (2015-2025).

Synthetic cathinones remain a highly dynamic class of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) across the global drug market. In Europe, chlorinate … t shift in the illicit drug market, with chloromethcathinones replacing traditional stimulants like amphetamine. The established concentration profiles provide a vital epidemiological baseline and crucial reference data to aid forensic toxicologists and law enforcement in evaluating public health risks and drug-impaired driving.

Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants in Australia: Prevalence, Sociodemographic and Substance Use Correlates From the 2022-2023 National Drug Strategy Household Survey.

INTRODUCTION: Non-medical use of prescription stimulants is increasing globally, yet Australian population-level data on its prevalence and … -year non-medical use of prescription stimulants was strongly associated with past-year use of meth/amphetamine, non-medical cannabis, cocaine and ecstasy, but not with past-year cigarette smoking, non-medical use of opioids, vaping or risky alcohol consumption (p > 0.006). Compared with individuals who reported non-medical use of prescription stimulants only …

Comprehensive in vitro profiling of traditional and emerging stimulants at monoamine transporters and the 5-HT2A receptor.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: New psychoactive substances (NPSs) often emerge on the illicit drug market with limited pharmacological or toxicological data. Synthetic cathinones are the second largest NPS group, often mimicking the effects of classical stimulants such as cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Such stimulants primarily target dopamine (DAT), norepinephrine (NET) and serotonin (SERT) transporters, with DAT selectivity being linked to abuse potential. Owing to the lack of pharmacological profiling, this study aimed to determine the potencies and structure-activity relationsh…

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 ion channels may control stress adaptation and conditioned fear responses in male mice following footshock.

INTRODUCTION: Stress maladaptation and dysregulated conditioned fear are hallmarks of trauma- and stressor-related disorders. The centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWcp) is involved in stress adaptation. As the urocortin 1/cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (UCN1/CART)-positive neurons of mouse and human EWcp express transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) mRNA, which reacts to stress, we hypothesized their role in stress adaptation and conditioned fear responses. METHODS: Male Trpa1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice underwent footshock-induced fear conditio…

Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and fetal death: A retrospective autopsy-based study.

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine use during pregnancy is an increasing public health concern with potentially severe consequences for fetal development and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic, autopsy, histopathological, and toxicological findings of fetal deaths with toxicologically confirmed postmortem methamphetamine detection. METHODS: This retrospective autopsy-based descriptive study included 28 fetal death cases referred from multiple regions across Türkiye and evaluated by the First Specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine between 2020 and 2024. Case…

Non-genetic risk indicators for preterm birth: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: This umbrella review, aimed to summarize systematic evidence on non-genetic risk indicators that are present at the start of pre … or relative risk > 2: advanced maternal age, previous singleton preterm birth, previous stillbirth, amphetamine use, cocaine use, maternal personality disorder, anti-TNF-α agents, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic hypertension, and cold knife conization. No indicators showed strong protective effects. These risk indicators should be considered a core set …

Prevalence and incidence of mental disorders among First Nations and other individuals using methamphetamine in Manitoba, Canada.

INTRODUCTION: Methamphetamine use can precipitate or exacerbate mental health disorders. In Winnipeg, Canada, First Nations are at particular risk of harms associated with addiction and mental illness. This study examines the prevalence and incidence of comorbid mental health disorders among First Nations and other Winnipeggers using methamphetamine. METHOD: Using population-based administrative health data, we identified First Nations and all other Winnipeg (AOW) residents who had a methamphetamine-related health system contact between 2013 and 2020 (cases) and created control groups that we…

Sex Differences in Fatal Poisoning Among Drug Users in France: An Exploratory Analysis of the DRAMES Register.

BACKGROUND: The DRAMES register (Décès en Relation avec l'Abus de Médicaments Et de Substances) is a French database of drug-related deaths … prescription medicines in France. Male sex was significantly associated with mortality from taking amphetamine-type stimulants (p = .044), buprenorphine (p = .042), cannabis (p < .001), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (p = .002), heroin (p < .001), and new psychoactive substances (p < .001). Apart from buprenorphine, all of these drugs are illegal in France. CONCLUSI …

Impact of Early Intervention Services on Substance Use Outcomes Among Young People at Risk for Psychosis.

OBJECTIVE: Early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services aim to prevent transition to psychosis and improve outcomes for at-risk young peop … ts reporting past-3-month use of alcohol (60%), cannabis (43%), tobacco (41%), sedatives (15%), and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS, 15%). Across 6 months of treatment, the odds of reported use during the past 3 months significantly decreased for cannabis (OR=0.32), ATS (OR=0.39), sedatives (OR=0.42), and alcohol (OR=0.71), with a nonsignificant decrease in …

Elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T among men with HIV who use stimulants: A cross-sectional study of subclinical cardiovascular injury.

People with HIV (PWH) experience elevated cardiovascular disease risk compared to people without HIV. Stimulant use may further increase sub … an the HIV-Stim- group. Exploratory analyses suggested a positive dose-response association between amphetamine metabolite levels and hs-cTnT (r(11) = 0.86, p < 0.0001). Co-occurring HIV and stimulant use were associated with higher hs-cTnT in this sample. However, given that hs-cTnT may reflect a range of acute, subacute, and chronic processes, and the small …

Присутствие и воздействие усталости у пациентов с множественным склерозом.

Усталость часто встречается в множестве склерозов (MS) и отрицательно сказывается на функционировании и качестве жизни. Мы изучили клинические корреляции усталости, ее связь с депрессией и сонливостью, а также вопрос о том, улучшают ли лекарственные препараты, связанные с усталостью, результаты, о которых сообщают пациенты. В. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ 203 Ветераны, классифицируемые по признаку наличия или отсутствия усталости. Первичными результатами были изменения в шкале усталости (СФС), изменённой шкале воздействия на усталость (MFIS) и шкале сна Epworth (ESS) от базового уровня до базового уровн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND Fatigue is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and adversely affects function and quality of life. We examined clinical correlates … sion Inventory (BDI). Medication exposure (amantadine, modafinil/armodafinil, methylphenidate/dextroamphetamine) was recorded. RESULTS Fatigue was present in 134 of 203 (66%) and associated with higher body mass index (30.1±5.5), hyperlipidemia (53.7%), diabetes (16.4%), higher BDI (4.58±4.36) and ESS (10.7±6.51), and worse EQ-5D VAS (all P<0.01). Strong posi …

Pharmacologic Augmentation of Computerized Auditory Training in Chronic Psychosis: Preliminary Findings From a Single-Site, Double-Blind Study.

BACKGROUND: Computerized auditory training (AT) modestly improves symptoms, cognition, and functioning in schizophrenia. We assessed whether d-amphetamine (AMPH) or memantine (MEM) can enhance gains from 30-h of AT. METHODS: Antipsychotic-medicated individuals with chronic psychosis (n = 68; mean age 47.03y; M:F = 39:29) completed up to 30 AT sessions (2-3/week; n = 50 completed 30 sessions) in 3 groups: "AMPH group" (AMPH (5 mg po) 1-h before each AT session); "MEM group" (titrated to 10 mg MEM bid and maintained that dose throughout training); "PBO group" (PBO dosed identically to either AM…

Photothermal Desorption and Reagent-Assisted Low-Temperature Plasma Ionization Miniature IT-MS/MS for On-Site Analysis of Illicit Drugs in Saliva and Urine.

Globally, drug-impaired driving fatalities now exceed those from drunk driving, urging the need for on-site and roadside detection methods. … ano-ESI, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of illicit drugs, including MDMA, MDA, methamphetamine, amphetamine, ketamine, and cocaine, in saliva ranged from 4.5 pg μL -1 to 20 pg μL-1 and met the threshold values of GA1333-2017. The performance of the PDRA-LTP-ITMS was even comparable to that of LTQ-Orbitrap Velos Pro ETD MS, providing a novel m …

Fatalities following DMT use: two case reports and a review of the literature.

N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a hallucinogen found in the South American Psychotria viridis plant and is the major psychoactive ingredien … hich in each case included additional compounds which can increase serotonergic drive (CR1 cocaine, amphetamine; CR2 venlafaxine, mirtazapine). There have been two recent deaths following DMT use in the UK, both in the context of polydrug use which may have caused death due to excessive serotonergic innervation leading to serotonin syndrome. Polydrug use is i …

Changes in Drug-Induced Hospitalisations and Deaths During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine whether the trend in the rate of drug-induced hospitalisations and deaths changed during the first year … , -0.7] and 1.0 [-1.3, -0.6] per 1,000,000 persons per month, respectively, as were those involving amphetamine-type stimulants by 12.4 [-21.4, -0.8] and 0.5 [-0.7, -0.2] per 1,000,000 persons per month, respectively. The rate of cannabinoid-induced hospitalisations was higher than forecasted by 3.8 [0.8, 6.8] hospitalisations per 1,000,000 persons per month. …

Reliability and clinical utility of heroin craving questionnaire factors in treatment-enrolled individuals with opioid use disorder.

Psychometric properties of opioid craving assessments are underexamined, limiting their potential utility for treatment studies of opioid us … 89). Results indicated that: (1) elevated scores on all three factors were associated with comorbid amphetamine use disorder; (2) higher Lack of Self-Control and Positive Expectancies scores related to fewer days since last heroin use; (3) greater Lack of Self-Control and Urgency scores were associated with higher anxiety severity; and (4) ICCs showed moderat …

Selective Angiography of Stimulant-Exposed Cardiac Donors Following Circulatory Death Does Not Impact Post-Transplant Outcomes.

Background/Objectives: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) has emerged to expand the heart-donor pool, but many DCD donors have risk factors such as cocaine or methamphetamine use. Stimulant use can cause coronary vasospasm and premature coronary artery disease, leading to routine donor coronary angiography (left heart catheterization, LHC) for coronary screening. However, performing LHC in DCD donors is challenging. We examined whether omitting LHC in stimulant-exposed DCD donors affects outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the United Network for Organ Sharing (U…

Screening test for drug abuse among blood donors in the North of West Bank, a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Illicit substances can make their way into the circulation of hospitalized individuals who received blood units from unverified … esults for at least one drug. 7.1%, 6.3%, 5.5%, 4.2%, and 1.8% tested positive for benzodiazepines, amphetamine, methamphetamine, tetrahydrocannabinol and barbiturates, respectively. Moreover, 5.0% of the participants tested positive for a single drug, 4.2% for two drugs, and 2.9% for three drugs, 1.3% for four substances simultaneously, and 0.3 for five drug …

Assessment of risk factors associated with methadone-induced deaths: A population study based on forensic autopsies (2003-2022).

OBJECTIVE: Population-based study of methadone-induced deaths (2003-2022) and associated risk factors. METHODS: All deaths with blood prese … hotropics that prolong QT 46 %). Illicit drugs (cocaine [44 %], cannabis [32 %], heroin [26 %], and amphetamine [15 %]) were also frequent. Use of benzodiazepines (OR=5.03) or psychostimulants (OR=2.65) emerged as primary risk factors for methadone-induced deaths. Presence of another psychotropic drug in addition to methadone increased risk by 2.42 times, and …