Результаты поиска

Fluid and electrolyte disorders following traumatic brain injury.

Abnormalities in salt and water balance are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI), manifesting clinically as either as hypo- or hypernatraemia. Dysnatraemia is associated with a greater risk of secondary brain injury from resultant changes in brain fluid levels, greater morbidity, longer length of hospital stay and in the case of hypernatraemia, greater mortality following TBI. Dysnatraemia occurs in the acute phase following TBI, is often transient and resolves in the majority of patients with recovery from the initial insult. Hyponatraemia secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate a…

Precision Medicine in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.

Overarching goals for the practice of medicine include preventing disease, making the correct diagnosis, and initiating evidence-based thera … r, precision medicine has not been used to any significant degree in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs). There is an argument to use precision medicine in DGBIs because these disorders are highly prevalent, affecting approximately 40% of the world's population. Functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic constipatio …

Visual field defects in children with brain tumors.

INTRODUCTION: Visual field defects (VFDs) are detected in up to 25% of children with brain tumors and early identification of VFDs is crucial for timely treatment and vision preservation. This study investigated the frequency and associated factors of preoperative VFDs in pediatric brain tumor patients. METHODS: Medical records from 485 children diagnosed with brain tumors in Denmark from 2007 to 2017 were reviewed. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical findings, including general and ophthalmic symptoms were collected. RESULTS: Of 485 patients, 198 (41%) underwent visual…

Pituitary dysfunction after cranial radiotherapy for brain tumor.

BACKGROUND: Cranial radiotherapy for extrapituitary brain tumor is a rare cause of acquired pituitary deficiency. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and time onset of pituitary deficit and to investigate predictive factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 246 patients referred to our endocrinology department between 2005 and 2021 for hormone testing after radiotherapy for extrapituitary brain tumor. Incidence of pituitary deficit was reported with 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]. Deficit-free survival was estimated on the Kap…

Primary supratentorial extradural hydatid cyst of the brain.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Hydatidosis is a parasitic infestation caused by the larva of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. It is a zoon … e exceedingly rare. This report discusses a pediatric primary osteolytic extradural hydatid cyst of brain. CASE PRESENTATION: A 10-year-old Yemeni male from a rural area presented with progressive headache, left hemiparesis, and right parietal soft swelling. Imaging, surgical, and histopathological findings are reviewed, highlighting the rarity of this …

Mechanisms of parasite-mediated disruption of brain vessels.

The brain vasculature is a critical barrier to maintain central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Parasitic infections can profoundly disrupt the brain vasculature, with consequences ranging from subtle neurological alterations to severe, life-threatening pathologies. In this review, we explore the diverse mechanisms by which endoparasites interact with, modulate and breach CNS blood and lymphatic vessels. We highlight how these pathogens manipulate endothelial function, alter barrier permeability and exploit vascular surface molecules to access or influence the brain. These interactions often…

Actinomyces israelii Brain Abscess With Advanced HIV Disease.

We present the first reported case of a pediatric central nervous system (CNS) abscess caused by Actinomyces israelii in the context of advanced HIV disease. A three-year-old girl from São Tomé and Príncipe presented with progressive neurological deficits, including gait instability and language delay. Brain MRI revealed a right temporal lobulated lesion with surrounding edema and mass effect. Chronic superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and hydrocephalus were also identified. Neurosurgical intervention included ventriculocisternostomy and microsurgical resection of the lesion, which revealed a …

Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Improved Brain Tumor Detection.

Precise demarcation of brain tumor boundaries is critical for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. In vivo characterization of tumor using PET/CT and MRI is clinical standard. PET/CT highlights the metabolic aspects of the tumor, while MRI provides information on functional, metabolic and structural changes. Even with technological advancements in both PET/CT and MRI, a method that can precisely delineate infiltrative tumor boundaries from normal-appearing brain regions (NABR) in vivo is still lacking. To address this limitation, we explored a relatively new MR imagi…

Emerging patents versus brain eating amoebae, Naegleria fowleri.

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a severe and often fatal infection caused by the free-living amoebae Naegleria fowleri. This condition typically results from exposure to contaminated warm freshwater/inadequately treated recreational water/or ablution/nasal irrigation with contaminated water. The management of PAM is hindered by the absence of effective treatment coupled with challenges in early diagnosis. This review explores emerging patents that could be utilized for the treatment, diagnosis of PAM, as well as water treatment. Recent patents from the past five years, along with

Роль менингеевых лимфатических сосудов в гомеостазе мозга.

Менингеевые лимфатические сосуды (MLVs) образуют важную связующую структуру между мозгом и периферией, которая сливает церебральные метаболиты в цереброспиновую жидкость (CSF) и антигены головного мозга в глубоководные лимфатические узлы шейки матки (dCLNs) для поддержания гомеостазы мозга. Растущие данные свидетельствуют о важности MLV в старении мозга и различных заболеваний центральной нервной системы (КНС), таких, как болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), травма мозга (TBI) и множественный склероз (MS). Достижения в области научно-исследовательской техники позволили получить п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) form an important bridging structure between the brain and periphery, which drains cerebral metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain antigens to deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs), to maintain brain homeostasis. Increasing evidence reveals the importance of MLVs in brain ageing and various central nervous system (C…

Brain Death Donors on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated donors with brain death on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, a clinically challenging situation due to hemodynamic instability frequently encountered in these donors, which may threaten organ function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We described our experience with 15 utilized brain death donors on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, consecutively admit-ted in our intensive care unit (which is a referral center for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) from 2018 to 2023. We investigated whether utilization rate for brain death donors on extracor-poreal m…

Updating functional brain units: Insights far beyond Luria.

This paper reviews Luria's model of the three functional units of the brain. To meet this objective, several issues were reviewed: the theory of functional systems and the contributions of phylogenesis and embryogenesis to the brain's functional organization. This review revealed several facts. In the first place, the relationship/integration of basic homeostatic needs with complex forms of behavior. Secondly, the multi-scale hierarchical and distributed organization of the brain and interactions between cells and systems. Thirdly, the phylogenetic role of exaptation, especially in basal gangl…

Altered resting-state brain function in endurance athletes.

Previous research has confirmed significant differences in regional brain activity and functional connectivity between endurance athletes and non-athletes. However, no studies have investigated the differences in topological efficiency of the brain functional network between endurance athletes and non-athletes. Here, we compared differences in regional activities, functional connectivity, and topological properties to explore the functional basis associated with endurance training. The results showed significant correlations between Regional Homogeneity in the motor cortex, visual cortex, cere…

Patient-Centered Management of Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Brain tumor-related epilepsy is a heterogenous syndrome involving variability in incidence, timing, pathophysiology, and clinical risk factors for seizures across different brain tumor pathologies. Seizure risk and disability are dynamic over the course of disease and influenced by tumor-directed treatments, necessitating individualized patient-centered management strategies to optimize quality of life. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent translational findings in diffuse gliomas indicate a dynamic bidirectional relationship between glioma growth and hyperexcitability. Certain non-inva…

Fractal Phototherapy in Maximizing Retina and Brain Plasticity.

The neuroplasticity potential is reduced with aging and impairs during neurodegenerative diseases and brain and visual system injuries. This limits the brain's capacity to repair the structure and dynamics of its activity after lesions. Maximization of neuroplasticity is necessary to provide the maximal CNS response to therapeutic intervention and adaptive reorganization of neuronal networks in patients with degenerative pathology and traumatic injury to restore the functional activity of the brain and retina.Considering the fractal geometry and dynamics of the healthy brain and the loss of fr…

Streptococcus intermedius: an underestimated pathogen in brain infection?

Streptococcus intermedius is an oral commensal organism belonging to the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG). S. intermedius causes periodontitis as well as invasive, pyogenic infection of the central nervous system, pleural space or liver. Compared with other SAG organisms, S. intermedius has a higher mortality as well as a predilection for intracranial infection, suggesting it is likely to possess virulence factors that mediate specific interactions with the host resulting in bacteria reaching the brain. The mechanisms involved are not well described. Intracranial suppuration (ICS) due to S.…

The brain network hub degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been conceptualized as a syndrome of brain network dysfunction. Recent imaging connectomics studies have provided unprecedented opportunities to map structural and functional brain networks in AD. By reviewing molecular, imaging, and computational modeling studies, we have shown that highly connected brain hubs are primarily distributed in the medial and lateral prefrontal, parietal, and temporal regions in healthy individuals and that the hubs are selectively and severely affected in AD as manifested by increased amyloid-beta deposition and regional atrophy, hypo-…

Interactions between antidiabetes medications and heart-brain axis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The heart - brain axis (HBA) is the physiological interactions between the cardiovascular and nervous systems through autonomic nerves, hormones, and cytokines. Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of the cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, recent evidence demonstrated that different antidiabetic drugs may delay cognitive impairment and improve cardiovascular outcomes. This review examines the impact of antidiabetic drugs on the HBA in patients with diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS: Metformin improves the cardiovascular and cognitive outc…

Brain Swelling versus Infarct Size: A Problematizing Review.

In human stroke, brain swelling is an important predictor of neurological outcome and mortality, yet treatments to reduce or prevent brain swelling are extremely limited, due in part to an inadequate understanding of mechanisms. In preclinical studies on cerebroprotection in animal models of stroke, historically, the focus has been on reducing infarct size, and in most studies, a reduction in infarct size has been associated with a corresponding reduction in brain swelling. Unfortunately, such findings on brain swelling have little translational value for treating brain swelling in patients wi…