Результаты поиска

Patent literature on mosquito repellent inventions which contain plant essential oils--a review.

Bites Bites of mosquitoes belonging to the genera Anopheles Meigen, Aedes Meigen, Culex L. and Haemagogus L. are a general nuisance and are responsible for the transmission of important tropical diseases such as malaria, hemorrhagic dengue and yellow fevers and filariasis (elephantiasis). Plants are traditional sources of mosquito repelling essential oils (EOs), glyceridic oils and repellent and synergistic chemicals. A Chemical Abstracts search on mosquito repellent inventions containing plant-derived EOs revealed 144 active patents mostly from Asia. Chinese, Japanese and Korean language pate…

Does mass drug administration for the integrated treatment of neglected tropical diseases really work? Assessing evidence for the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Less is known about mass drug administration [MDA] for neglected tropical diseases [NTDs] than is suggested by those so vigorous … ted take-up of drugs for schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths and, where relevant, lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis was collected from a random sample of at least 10% of households at study locations. Data recording the take-up of drugs in Ministry of Health registers for NTDs were analysed in the light of these ethnographic and social survey d …

Genetic analysis of a relationship between macrocyclic lactone and benzimidazole anthelmintic selection on Haemonchus contortus.

OBJECTIVES: We have found that in a laboratory strain of the nematode parasite of ruminants, Haemonchus contortus, repeated ivermectin treat … azole rotations and on the use of ML/benzimidazole combination therapy, such as for human lymphatic filariasis and nematode control in ruminant livestock.

Characteristics and advances in signaling pathways, cellular communication, cell junctions, and oxidative stress in lymphedema.

Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disease without an effective treatment method, and it results in a high disease burden and psychological distress in patients. Although there have been significant advances in targeted therapies, there are still no effective options to treat this refractory disease. In recent years, new advances and breakthroughs have been made in signaling pathways, including RAS/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, VEGF-C/VEGFR-3, HGF/MET, and TGF-β1, which are important for understanding the pathogenesis and disease progression of lymphedema. Mutations in genes encoding cell junctions affect

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… In secondary lymphedema, filariasis-associated lymphedema is the most common globally, whereas cancer-related lymphedema is more prevalent in Western countries. … Studies of Th1 cells in lymphatic filariasis-induced lymphedema still need further investigation. …

Filariae-Retrovirus Co-infection in Mice is Associated with Suppressed Virus-Specific IgG Immune Response and Higher Viral Loads.

Worldwide more than 2 billion people are infected with helminths, predominantly in developing countries. Co-infections with viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common due to the geographical overlap of these pathogens. Helminth and viral infections induce antagonistic cytokine responses in their hosts. Helminths shift the immune system to a type 2-dominated immune response, while viral infections skew the cytokine response towards a type 1 immune response. Moreover, chronic helminth infections are often associated with a generalized suppression of the immune system leading t

The effect of eight half-yearly single-dose treatments with DEC on Wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigenaemia.

The effect of eight half-yearly treatment rounds with diethylcarbamazine (DEC; 6mg/kg bodyweight) on Wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigen (CFA), a marker of adult worm infection, was followed in 79 individuals who were CFA-positive before start of treatment. Half of these were also microfilariae (mf)-positive. Microfilaraemia decreased rapidly after onset of treatment and became undetectable after four treatments. Circulating antigenaemia also decreased progressively, but at a much slower rate. After two, four and eight treatment rounds, the mean CFA intensity was reduced

Macrophages in the development of protective immunity against experimental Brugia malayi infection.

The present report compares the macrophage function in rodent hosts susceptible and resistant to the human lymphatic filariid Brugia malayi. Macrophages from both mastomys (resistant) and gerbil (susceptible) infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the infective larvae (L3) of B. malayi were isolated from peritoneal lavage at different time-intervals and formation rate of NO, H2O2, O2-, TNF-alpha, glutathione peroxidase and reductase was assayed. NO release was found to be significantly increased in resistant mastomys as compared to gerbils and the release was markedly suppressed by i.p. admini

Adults acquire filarial infection more rapidly than children: a study in Indonesian transmigrants.

To dissociate the influence of host age from length of exposure on acquisition of filarial infection, we examined the development of microfilaraemia and anti-filarial IgG4 in all ages of a naive population that became suddenly exposed to Brugia malayi as a result of transmigration. Responses in 247 transmigrants, who had settled for periods of several months up to 6 years in their new homesteads, were compared with those of 133 life-long residents. As shown in earlier studies, anti-filarial IgG4 increased with age in the indigenous populations, whose age is equivalent to length of exposure. Ho

Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children.

Longitudinal studies are being conducted in Leogane, Haiti to investigate the relationship between acquisition of filarial infection and development of antifilarial immunity as well as the impact of maternal infection on this relationship. Children (0-24 months of age) residing in Leogane were enrolled and were examined periodically to monitor parasitologic status and to collect serum for antigen and antifilarial antibody determinations. To examine the development of filarial antigenemia and antifilarial antibody responses in this cohort, serum samples were selected from a cross section of the

Autophagy is essential for anti-Wolbachia drug efficacy in Brugia malayi and insect cells.

INTRODUCTION: Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) cause a significant global public health burden with more than 900 million individuals at risk and over 60 million people living with symptomatic manifestations caused by filarial diseases. Due to the importance of Wolbachia for the survival of adult filarial nematodes, anti-Wolbachia therapy has been validated as a safe macrofilaricidal treatment for LF and onchocerciasis. The A-WOL consortium was established with the goals of defining registered anti-Wolbachia antibiotics, as well as developing new drugs effective in a regimen of 7 d…

Achieving elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiasis as a public health problem in Mali.

INTRODUCTION: Mali was endemic for soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), mainly hookworms in the southern regions. Following baseline mapping, mass drug administration (MDA) for STH was integrated with MDA for schistosomiasis for school-aged children (SAC) or lymphatic filariasis (LF) for populations aged five and older and vitamin A supplementation for preschool children. Epidemiological evaluations were conducted to assess progress towards eliminating STH as a public health problem. METHODS: Cross-sectional studies were conducted in schools in 2004-2005 at baseline and in 2014-2019 for inte…

Survey of the present health & nutritional status of Shompen tribe of Great Nicobar Island.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Shompens are one of the two mongoloid tribes of Nicobar district. There is little information about their recent heal … prevalent among the children of <5 yr. The other positive observations were the absence of malaria, filariasis and dengue. However, there was natural infection of measles and rubella. Fungal skin infection and intestinal parasitic infestations were widely prevalent. Although cardiovascular risk profile was low, there were signs of emerging risk of over-weigh …

Prevalence and attributable health burdens of vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases of poverty, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

BACKGROUND: Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases associated with poverty (referred to as vb-pIDP), such as malaria, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and onchocerciasis, are highly prevalent in many regions around the world. This study aims to characterize the recent burdens of and changes in these vb-pIDP globally and provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of geographical and temporal trends. METHODS: Data on the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the vb-pIDP were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease, Inj…

Approaching onchocerciasis elimination in Equatorial Guinea: Near zero transmission and public health implication.

BACKGROUND: Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are endemic in Equatorial Guinea with notable variations in disease incidence between island and mainland regions. Historically, efforts to control and map these diseases were concentrated in Bioko Island, where loiasis is absent, allowing for targeted onchocerciasis interruption strategies. With the cessation of onchocerciasis transmission on Bioko and no reported cases on Annobon island, assessing the transmission status in the previously unaddressed mainland region has become imperative. Mapping efforts in mainland Equatorial Guinea h…

Neem-based products as potential eco-friendly mosquito control agents over conventional eco-toxic chemical pesticides-A review.

Mosquitoes cause serious health hazards for millions of people across the globe by acting as vectors of deadly communicable diseases like malaria, filariasis, dengue and yellow fever. Use of conventional chemical insecticides to control mosquito vectors has led to the development of biological resistance in them along with adverse environmental consequences. In this light, the recent years have witnessed enormous efforts of researchers to develop eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives with special emphasis on plant-derived mosquitocidal compounds. Neem oil, derived from neem seeds (Azadi…

A meta-analysis reveals that dragonflies and damselflies can provide effective biological control of mosquitoes.

Dragonfly/damselfly naiads have the potential to control mosquitoes, and indirectly the diseases they carry, due to their extensive predatio … America, where mosquitoes are the vectors of Chikungunya, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Lymphatic filariasis, Malaria, Rift Valley fever, West Nile fever, Yellow fever and Zika. Using this database, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the average predation success per day by a single individual dragonfly/damselfly naiad on these mosquito larvae as a g …

The pipeline for drugs for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases: 2. Oral anti-infective drugs and drug combinations for off-label use.

In its 'Road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030', the World Health Organization outlined its targets for control and elimination … aconazole, ravuconazole and disulfiram for Chagas disease, doxycycline and rifampicin for lymphatic filariasis; arterolane, piperaquine, artesunate, artemether, lumefantrine and mefloquine for schistosomiasis; ivermectin, tribendimidine, pyrantel, oxantel and nitazoxanide for soil-transmitted helminths including strongyloidiasis; chloroquine, ivermectin, bal …

Communication in Neglected Tropical Diseases' elimination: A scoping review and call for action.

BACKGROUND: Although the practice of communication is often called upon when intervening and involving communities affected by NTDs, the disciplinary framework of health communication research has been largely absent from NTD strategies. To illustrate how practices conceptualized and developed within the communication field have been applied in the context of NTD elimination, we conducted a scoping review focusing on two diseases currently targeted for elimination by the WHO: lymphatic filariasis and Chagas disease. METHODS: We examined studies published between 2012 and 2020 in five electron…

Prevalence of scabies and impetigo in school-age children in Timor-Leste.

BACKGROUND: Scabies and impetigo are endemic in many tropical, low- and middle-income countries. Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin has emerged as a control strategy for these conditions. In 2019, Timor-Leste Ministry of Health planned to implement MDA including ivermectin for the control of lymphatic filariasis, so we undertook a baseline assessment of scabies and impetigo to better understand local epidemiology and contribute to future surveys assessing the impact of MDA. METHODS: A cross-sectional school survey was conducted in April-May 2019 at six primary schools in a semi-ur…