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Assessment of diagnostic approaches to idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and their influence on treatment and outcome.

CONCLUSION: Results from a database for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) demonstrate no correlation between laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome in 400 patients. The patients with pathological test results were not treated differently from those with normal test results. The value of laboratory findings and MRI might increase if the results are categorized to more specific diagnoses. OBJECTIVES: To investigate diagnostic test batteries for SSNHL and evaluate their value in the management of idiopathic SSNHL. METHODS: A total of 400 patients submitted to the Swedish national d

[Diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with delirium in intensive care unit].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the brain function of patients with delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) using resting-state functional magnetic reso … healthy control group, the ReHo values of the cerebellum, right hippocampus, striatum, midbrain and pons in the delirium group were significantly increased (all P < 0.05, AlphaSim correction), while the ReHo values of bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral median frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, temporal lobe and parietal lobe were sign …

[Recovery of facial nerve function using sural nerve transplantation after its injury in acoustic nerve surgery].

INTRODUCTION: Statoacoustic n. neurinoma is a benign, slow-growing and usually unilateral tumor. During its growth the tumor exerts pressure on the surrounding anatomic forms within the pontocerebellar angle: cranial nerves, pons, cerebellum. Therefore the first clinical symptoms are ear buzzing and deafness, vision disorders, occipital headache or walking difficulties. The diagnosis of such conditions must be precise, whereas CT (computerized tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are the methods of choice. Surgical tumor removal is the only therapy, but during surgery facial nerve …

Evidence for a role for apoptosis in central pontine myelinolysis.

We have performed an immunocytochemical study of autopsy material from five cases of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and five age and sex-matched control subjects with the aim of exploring the possible involvement of apoptotic mechanisms in oligodendrocytes in this condition. We searched for immunoreactivity of glial cells for the apoptotic-related markers death receptor (DR) 3, Bax and Bak, the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 and the cell cycle marker Ki-67. The latter marker was studied because it is known that entry of cells into the cell division cycle can trigger apoptosis if it does not r

Pearls and oy-sters: tuberculous meningitis: not a diagnosis of exclusion.

A 21-year-old man presented to his local emergency department with 5 days of headache, which was dull, occipital, bilateral, nonthrobbing, a … diffuse contrast enhancement of the arachnoid, extensive infarction of basal ganglia, midbrain, and pons, and small ring-enhancing lesions in the cerebellum (figure 1, A-D). Repeat lumbar puncture showed red blood cells: 550 × 10(3)/μL; white blood cells: 250/μL (14% neutrophils, 80% lymphocytes, 6% monocytes); protein: 65 mg/dL; and glucose: <10 mg/dL …

[A 76-year-old man with loss of vision and dementia].

We report a 76-year-old man who developed blurred vision and dementia. He was apparently well until April 4, 1990 (70-year-old at that time) … parietal deep white matter more on the left and another T2-high signal intensity lesion in the left pons as well as in the right thalamus. He complained of right hypochondrial pain and was admitted to another hospital on April 22, 1996. He was markedly confused and demented. He continued to show bilateral loss of vision, but no motor palsy was noted. C …

[DNA diagnosis in the age of individual made-to-order medications].

Human diseases develop by complex mutual relationships of genetic and environmental factors. In inherited diseases, DNA diagnosis of the disease-causing genes provides a confirmation of the disease. On the other hand, DNA diagnosis of the disease-sensitive genes in multifactorial diseases, such as the lifestyle-related diseases (common diseases), provides the risk of developing the disease. Two new technologies are being used for DNA diagnosis in the clinic. The first is called Invader Technology and is a non-PCR method and is useful for detecting well-known genetic variations in large samples

A new strategic neurosurgical planning tool for brainstem cavernous malformations using interactive computer graphics with multimodal fusion images.

OBJECT: In this study, the authors used preoperative simulation employing 3D computer graphics (interactive computer graphics) to fuse all imaging data for brainstem cavernous malformations. The authors evaluated whether interactive computer graphics or 2D imaging correlated better with the actual operative field, particularly in identifying a developmental venous anomaly (DVA). METHODS: The study population consisted of 10 patients scheduled for surgical treatment of brainstem cavernous malformations. Data from preoperative imaging (MRI, CT, and 3D rotational angiography) were automatically

Anatomical distribution of mu, delta, and kappa opioid- and nociceptin/orphanin FQ-stimulated [35S]guanylyl-5'-O-(gamma-thio)-triphosphate binding in guinea pig brain.

An in vitro autoradiographic technique has recently been developed to visualize receptor-activated G-proteins by using agonist-stimulated [35S]guanylyl-5'-O-(gamma-thio)-triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS) binding in the presence of excess guanosine 5'-diphosphate. This technique was used to localize opioid-activated G-proteins in guinea pig brain, a species that contains the three major types of opioid receptors. This study used selective mu, delta, and kappa opioid agonists as well as nociceptin or orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide, an endogenous ligand for an orphan opioid receptor-like (ORL1) receptor

Prognostic Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting Diffuse Axonal Injuries: Analysis of Outcomes and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is the brain injury characterized by extensive lesions in the white matter tracts over a widespread … the medulla- with a 100% mortality rate. Poor outcomes were also associated with any injury to the pons. There was a significant correlation among brainstem injuries that crossed the midline, the motor component of the GCS examination, performed 24 hours after admission and at outcome. The median time to MRI was 1 day (range 0-35 days) among all, but …

Final report of the safety assessment of Urea.

Although Urea is officially described as a buffering agent, humectant, and skin-conditioning agent-humectant for use in cosmetic products, t … he following brain regions: frontal lobe, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, thalamus plus hypothalamus, pons and white matter (corpus callosum). The permeability constant after treatment with Urea of whole skin and the dermis of rabbits was 2.37 +/- 0.13 (x 10(6)) and 1.20 +/- 0.09 (x10(3)) cm/min, respectively. The absorption of Urea across normal and abr …

Sperm acquire epididymis-derived proteins through epididymosomes.

STUDY QUESTION: Are epididymosomes implicated in protein transfer from the epididymis to spermatozoa? SUMMARY ANSWER: We characterized the … vació en salut, PERIS 2016-2020, SLT002/16/00337 to M.J.), by Fundació Universitària Agustí Pedro i Pons (to F.B.), and by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (PROLAB Award from ASBMB/IUBMB/PABMB to F.B.). Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy was performed in the Microscopy Core facility of the Massachusetts …

Hyperintense lesions of the middle cerebellar peduncle and beyond: a pictorial essay.

The middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) is the largest afferent system of the cerebellum and consists of fibres from the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract. Specifically, several relevant diseases can present with hyperintensity in the MCP on T2-weighted/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2/FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging sequences, including multiple sclerosis; acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy; hepatic encephalopathy; osmotic demyelination syndrome; multiple system atrophy; fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia

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… Characteristically, ODS involves the central pons and spares the corticospinal tract, peripheral pons and tegmentum, thereby creating a trident pattern signal in the anterior pons. … On MRI, atrophy of the pons, cerebellum and MPC can be seen ( Figure 7B ). In addition, the characteristic “hot cross bun” sign, which consists of cruciform T2 hyperintensity in the pons, can be seen ( Figure 7A ). …

A Systematic Review of Trajectories of Clinically Relevant Distress Amongst Adults with Cancer: Course and Predictors.

To improve interventions for people with cancer who experience clinically relevant distress, it is important to understand how distress evolves over time and why. This review synthesizes the literature on trajectories of distress in adult patients with cancer. Databases were searched for longitudinal studies using a validated clinical tool to group patients into distress trajectories. Twelve studies were identified reporting trajectories of depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. Heterogeneity between studies was high, including the timing of baseline assess

Familial aspects of fear of cancer recurrence: current insights and knowledge gaps.

Fear of cancer recurrence is fear or worry about cancer recurrence or progress. Fear of recurrence can impact patients' quality of life and wellbeing. Cancer survivors' families support them practically and emotionally, making them a vital supplement for official healthcare. Given the well-established important role of the family in dealing with cancer, we compiled the studies that examined the relationship between family-related factors and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) among cancer survivors (CSs). One of the foremost studies in this field is the FCR model presented by Mellon and colleague

A chain mediation model reveals the association between metacognition and quality of life in hematologic tumor patients.

The study aims to explore the relationship among metacognition (MC), fear of disease of progression (FoP), psychological distress (PD), and quality of life (QoL), and verify whether FoP and PD have a chain mediating effect between MC and QoL. 231 hematologic tumor patients in a large tertiary hospital were investigated by using Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-30, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale. Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS (version 25.0) and the PROCESS macro (version 4.1). The

Network analysis used to investigate the interplay among somatic and psychological symptoms in patients with cancer and cancer survivors: a scoping review.

PurposePatients with cancer often experience multiple somatic and psychological symptoms. Somatic and psychological symptoms are thought to be connected and may reinforce each other. Network analysis allows examination of the interconnectedness of individual symptoms. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the current state of knowledge about the associations between somatic and psychological symptoms in patients with cancer and cancer survivors, based on network analysis.MethodsThis scoping review followed the five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley. The literature search was condu

Prevalence and Positive Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Chinese Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PurposePositive psychological constructs have been given increasing attention in research on the coping resources of cancer-related distresses. However, little research is available on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with hematological malignancies. The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and to explore the associations of perceived social support (PSS), hope, optimism and resilience with PTSD symptoms among Chinese patients with hematological malignancies.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from July 2013 through Ap

[Selective stimulations and lesions of the rat brain nuclei as the models for research of the human sleep pathology mechanisms].

Many complex behavioral phenomena such as sleep can not be explained without multidisciplinary experimental approach, and complementay appro … technique enabled detailed functional topography of respiratory, cardiovascular and pontine-wave responses within the PPT (Topchiy et al., 2010). Discovery of "flip-flop" switch for REM sleep control is based on the experiments in rats using local stereotaxically guided microinjection of excitotoxins (ibotenic acid, IgG saporin), and the anterograde an …