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A novel multidimensional dynamic difficulty adjustment algorithm: Use case in a cognitive training video game.

This study introduces a novel methodological framework for cognitive control training, embedded in a video game that incorporates action-based gameplay and a multidimensional dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) system. This system adapts to individual player performance in real time, ensuring a personalized and engaging experience. The game architecture is modular, including a configurable set of cognitive training modules that are tailored according to one's training goals. Transitioning between modules occurs through an action-based central hub following the literature on action video games …

Design, Development, and Laboratory Validation of a Low-Cost Multi-Sensor System for Bridge Structural Health Monitoring with Scour-Related Environmental Sensing.

This paper reports the design, development and laboratory validation of a low-cost multi-sensor system for bridge Structural Health Monitoring with complementary scour-related environmental sensing. The proposed sensing apparatus is intended for continuous dynamic (vibration-based) and quasi-static structural monitoring, in particular for bridge applications. It employs a distributed wired architecture comprising two custom printed circuit boards, BridgeWatch and EnvironMonitor. BridgeWatch nodes integrate MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes, enabling acceleration measurements, quasi-static inc…

A Double-Shell Hollow Hf-MOF-Driven Electrochemiluminescence Strategy for the Detection of miRNA-7.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a promising class of luminescence emitters due to their highly tunable structures and intrinsic luminescent characteristics. In this study, a double-shell hollow Hf-MOF (DSH Hf-MOF) was prepared via a dual-template assembly. The DSH Hf-MOF with highly accessible mesoporous/microporous channels, thick walls, and high crystallinity displayed an excellent luminescence property. On the one hand, the double-shell ordered architecture induced significant spatial confinement effects, effectively retarding reactant diffusion and dilution. On the other ha…

Structural organization of HBV pgRNA genome driven by phase separation in capsid confinement.

Viruses rely on the precise packaging of their genomes within a capsid to execute essential life-cycle events, yet the principles governing genome structural organization in this confined environment remain elusive. Here, we reveal that hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) exploits liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) inside the capsid to sculpt its architecture. Multiscale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, supplemented by biochemical assays, show that pgRNA coalesces into a hollow, shell-like condensate along the inner capsid surface, with coexisting low- and high-density region…

Electronic Control of Emission Behavior in Atomically Precise Copper Nanoclusters.

Atomically precise copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) offer a compelling platform for elucidating structure-property relationships in quantum-confined materials, yet isolating ligand-induced electronic effects without altering core geometry remains a fundamental challenge. Herein, we report a systematic study of four compositionally identical Cu11 NCs in which the metal nuclearity and core architecture are strictly preserved, while only the substitution position and electronic nature of the thiolate ligands are varied. By employing methyl- and amino-substituted benzenethiols (ABT) in para and meta c…

GDEIM-SF: A Lightweight UAV Detection Framework Coupling Dehazing and Low-Light Enhancement.

In complex traffic environments, image degradation caused by haze, low illumination, and occlusion significantly undermines the reliability of vehicle and pedestrian detection. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an aerial vision framework that tightly couples multi-level image enhancement with a lightweight detection architecture. At the image preprocessing stage, a cascaded "dehazing + enhancement" module is constructed, where a learning-based dehazing method is employed to restore long-range details affected by scattering artifacts. Additionally, structural fidelity is enhanced…

Fibrous contextual embodiments formed by task-invariant continuous blow spinning in dynamic environments.

Navigating dynamic environments is challenging for robots. While data-intensive control can guide high-level decisions, the complexity of ty … mporally and spatially scalable approach allows robots to extend, adjust, and repair their physical architecture in response to changing conditions, leading to robots that morph context-specific components and engage informational and material resources in the environment to tackle open-ended tasks beyond their initial physical architecture.

PiezoFusion Enables Physically Driven Sample-to-Answer Nucleic Acid Testing from Complex Samples.

Complex food samples remain challenging inputs for point-of-need nucleic acid testing because clarification, cell disruption, and nucleic acid purification must be integrated into a compact, low-intervention, and contamination-resistant workflow. Here we report PiezoFusion, a physically driven microfluidic architecture that couples dual-stage filtration, reagent-free pore-confined lysis powered by a piezoelectric microporous pump, and online magnetic-chain interception for continuous-flow nucleic acid capture and purification, followed by sealed isothermal amplification and visual readout. Thi…

Stem Cells for Cultured Meat: Cell Sources, Lineage Specification, and Biomaterial Scaffolds for Edible Tissue Engineering.

Cultured meat aims to manufacture genuine animal tissue from cells in vitro, displacing the environmental and ethical liabilities of livestock slaughter. Because the final product must reproduce the fibre architecture, fat marbling, and nutrition of conventional meat, the cell-its identity, proliferative ceiling, and differentiation fidelity-is the central determinant of feasibility. This review consolidates the stem cell biology of cultured meat from a tissue engineering perspective. We first compare the principal cell sources: muscle satellite cells, which offer authentic myogenicity but lim…

Sparse mixture of experts-driven multimodal degraded image fusion.

Multi-modal image fusion aims to integrate complementary information from different modal images to improve image quality and performance in visual tasks. However, existing methods face challenges such as the loss of key feature information in degraded scenarios, difficulty in adapting to multi-task fusion, and excessive computational overhead. To address these issues, this paper proposes an efficient fusion method. First, a staged collaborative optimization architecture is designed to decouple encoder pre-training from fusion layer fine-tuning, thereby enhancing single-modal feature represent…

Число сексуальных партнеров в течение всей жизни: показатель рискованного поведения или репродуктивной пригодности?

Число сексуальных партнеров на протяжении всей жизни является спорным показателем, потенциально представляющим собой как аспект репродуктивной пригодности, так и компонент рискованного поведения. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы расколоть генетическую архитектуру этой черты, чтобы определить ее связь с рискованными и репродуктивными конструкциями. Мы использовали сводные статистические данные, полученные в ходе ряда исследований по изучению геномов и ассоциаций (GWAS) в отношении фенотипов, связанных с принятием рисков (например, общее принятие на себя рисков, курение, склонность

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Abstract The number of lifetime sexual partners is a controversial metric, potentially representing both a dimension of reproductive fitness and a component of risky behavior. This study sought to disentangle the genetic architecture of this trait to determine its relationship with risk-taking and reproductive fitness constructs. We utilized summary statisti…

Structures of Ostα/β reveal a unique fold and bile acid transport mechanism.

Bile acid and steroid hormone homeostasis are critical for human health, with disruptions linked to metabolic and endocrine disorders1,2. The organic solute transporter Ostα/β, essential for bile acid efflux in enterohepatic circulation3, has long defied mechanistic elucidation. Here we present cryogenic electron microscopy structures of human Ostα/β in apo and substrate-bound states at 2.6-3.1 Å resolution, revealing a distinctive membrane protein architecture that defines a new transporter class. Ostα/β forms a symmetric tetramer of heterodimers, with each Ostα subunit showing a new seven-tr…

Design strategies of lipid nanovehicles for controlled functional component release in food systems.

The oral bioavailability of food bioactives is often limited by poor stability, poor solubility, and limited control over release, restricti … view therefore establishes a structure-guided design framework linking LNV composition, interfacial architecture, gastrointestinal fate, and compatibility with food matrices. Current evidence indicates that lipid chain length, degree of unsaturation, crystallinity, and interfacial architecture critically affect colloidal stability, digestion kinetics, bioactiv …

Finite-Length Spatiotemporal Modelling for Housing Price Network Spillovers.

Mapping directed spillover pathways in urban housing prices is essential for monitoring the contagion of housing prices across cities. Howev … pathways. Results reveal that China's urban housing price spillover network exhibits a hierarchical architecture with pronounced ripple effects, where eastern coastal cities and the national core city serve as dominant radiation hubs. The East China sub-network occupies a distinctive net spillover position. We identify heterogeneous structural evolution patter …

Mechanism of the long-B prokaryotic Argonaute-mediated nuclease activation in bacterial immunity.

Prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) are widely distributed and provide immunity against invading DNA. Based on their domain architecture, pAgos are classified into three major groups: long-A, long-B, and short pAgos. Among them, long-B pAgos remain the least understood subgroup. Here, we show that a long-B pAgo-nuclease system (EcBPAN) from Escherichia coli (E. coli) provides the first clear evidence of anti-phage activity among long-B pAgo systems. By combining structural determination, biochemical analyses, and in vivo phage-resistance assays, we elucidated the activation mechanism of EcBPAN. We …

Domestication-Driven Expansion and Structural Convergence of the Porcine Antiviral Interferon Repertoire.

The porcine interferon (IFN) system is highly diversified, particularly within Type I subfamilies, yet its evolutionary trajectory across do … re prediction coupled with DALI structural similarity mapping were integrated to resolve repertoire architecture, evolutionary constraints, and domestication-associated divergence. IFN repertoire organization is governed primarily by family identity rather than breed origin, with Type I IFN-α, -δ, and -ω subfamilies showing pronounced gene expansion in domesti …

Implant Apicoectomy as a Minimally Invasive Alternative to Explantation in Retrograde Peri-Implantitis: A Case Report with a 12-Month Clinical and Radiological Follow-Up.

Background/Objectives: Implant explantation is often considered the standard treatment for severe peri-implant inflammatory lesions, includi … e to explantation in selected cases of retrograde peri-implantitis, preserving hard and soft-tissue architecture while maintaining implant functionality. This approach may be particularly beneficial in esthetic regions where preservation of tissue architecture is critical for optimal clinical outcomes.

The next layer: augmenting foundation models with structure-preserving and attention-guided learning for local patches to global context awareness in computational pathology.

Foundation models have emerged as powerful feature extractors in computational pathology. However, they typically omit mechanisms for leveraging the global spatial structure of tissues and the local contextual relationships among diagnostically relevant regions-key elements for understanding the tumor microenvironment. Multiple instance learning (MIL) remains an essential next step following the foundation model, designing a framework to aggregate patch-level features into slide-level predictions. We present EAGLE-Net, a structure-preserving, attention-guided MIL architecture designed to augme…

Advances in methanol oxidation catalysts and system-level engineering for direct methanol fuel cells.

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are compelling candidates for portable and auxiliary power owing to the ease of liquid-fuel handling and their low-temperature operation. However, practical deployment remains constrained by the intrinsic complexity of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), catalyst deactivation driven by strongly adsorbed intermediates, and device-level losses associated with membrane and electrode architecture. This Review highlights recent advances in MOR electrocatalysts, with emphasis on how alloying, surface/nanostructure control, defect regulation, and support engineer…

[Embryonic origin of temperament: notochord and early signaling].

It is proposed that the origin of temperament is rooted in events of the third week of gestation, when gastrulation and the notochord organize body axes and morphogenetic gradients, integrated through intracellular pathways with downstream effects on circuit architecture and locomotion. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical mechanistic model that articulates how gastrulation, the notochord, and prenatal epigenetic programming could contribute—probabilistically rather than deterministically—to the origin of human temperament. A three-phase mechanistic flow is proposed: Phase 1, in…