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Percutaneous-Reinforced Osteoplasty: A Review of Emerging Treatment Strategies for Bone Interventions.

Percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty is currently being investigated as a possible therapeutic procedure for fracture stabilization in high-risk patients, primarily in patients with bone metastases or osteoporosis. For these patients, a percutaneous approach, if structurally sound, can provide a viable method for treating bone fractures without the physiologic stress of anesthesia and open surgery. However, the low strength of fixation is a common limitation that requires further refinement in scaffold design and selection of materials, and may potentially benefit from tissue-engineering-based

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… Calcium phosphate or magnesium phosphate cement may be used as an alternative to acrylic (PMMA) bone cement and is being investigated for bone scaffolding and bone tissue engineering [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. …

Mechanical engineering of hair follicle regeneration by in situ bioprinting.

Hair loss caused by various factors such as trauma, stress, and diseases hurts patient psychology and seriously affects patients' quality of life, but there is no effective method to control it. In situ bioprinting is a method for printing bioinks directly into defective sites according to the shape and characteristics of the defective tissue or organ to promote tissue or organ repair. In this study, we applied a 3D bioprinting machine in situ bioprinting of epidermal stem cells (Epi-SCs), skin-derived precursors (SKPs), and Matrigel into the wounds of nude mice to promote hair follicle regene

Hair follicle germs containing vascular endothelial cells for hair regenerative medicine.

Hair regenerative medicine has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of severe hair loss. Recent advances in three-dimensional tissue engineering, such as formation of hair follicle germs (HFGs), have considerably improved hair regeneration after transplantation in animal models. Here, we proposed an approach for fabricating HFGs containing vascular endothelial cells. Epithelial, dermal papilla, and vascular endothelial cells initially formed a single aggregate, which subsequently became a dumbbell-shaped HFG, wherein the vascular endothelial cells localized in the region of dermal…

Strategies for cryopreservation of testicular cells and tissues in cancer and genetic diseases.

Cryopreservation of testicular cells and tissues is useful for the preservation and restoration of fertility in pre-pubertal males expecting … essing and ameliorating cryoinjuries. Newer developments on in vitro spermatogenesis and testicular tissue engineering for in vitro sperm production from cryopreserved SSCs and testicular tissue are also discussed.

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Stem Cells: Features and Therapeutic Effects on Neurogenerative and Hepatobiliary-pancreatic Diseases.

Stem cells can multiply into more cells with similar types in an undifferentiated form and differentiate into other types of cells. The grea … vides further insights into stem cell technology by expanding the therapeutic potential of SHEDs in tissue engineering and cell organ repairs.

Chondrocyte sheet in vivo cartilage regeneration technique using miR-193b-3p to target MMP16.

Stable cartilage regeneration has always been a challenge in both tissue engineering research and clinical practice. This study explored the feasibility of using a chondrocyte sheet technique stimulated by microRNAs to regenerate cartilage. We tested the involvement of hsa-miR-193b-3p in the microtia patient remnant auricular chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM). We observed in vitro chondrocyte proliferation, ECM synthesis, as well as the increase in the expression of type II collagen (COL2A1) and decrease in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP16) of the chondrocyte sheets. C…

Self-assembling peptide scaffolds as innovative platforms for drug and cell delivery systems in cardiac regeneration.

Today, the use of biomaterials in many biomedical platforms is becoming increasingly popular due to their high diversity, infinite mimicking capacity, and emerging functions. Applications currently cover diverse areas in biomedicine including systems for cell isolation, expansion and maintenance, platforms for drug and cell delivery, scaffolds for tissue engineering, tissue regeneration and repair, cancer therapy, etc. Biomaterials in general can be: (1) natural in origin such as many proteins from the extracellular matrix, natural polysaccharides or scaffolds presented in a blood clot or (2) …

Analysis of pulpal reactions to restorative procedures, materials, pulp capping, and future therapies.

Every year, despite the effectiveness of preventive dentistry and dental health care, 290 million fillings are placed each year in the Unite … ll examine pulp injury and healing reactions to different restorative variables. The application of tissue engineering approaches to restorative dentistry will require the transplantation, replacement, or regeneration of cells, and/or stimulation of mineralized tissue formation. This might solve major dental problems, by remineralizing caries lesions, vaccinating ag …

Construction of growth plate organoids via a layered induction based in vitro 3D cultivation system.

Serious injury to the growth plate often leads to bony bridge formation, resulting in halted long bone growth, angular deformities, and limb length discrepancies. These problems persist unaddressed in the clinic. In this study, we engineered a four-layered growth plate organoid by integrating three-dimensional culture with layer-specific induction techniques. A gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffold was utilized to recapitulate the architecture of the native growth plate. In the three cartilage zones, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes were co-cultured at a 3:1 rat

Enhancing the efficiency of bone tissue regeneration by using a 3D printed scaffold optimized with heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2.

Craniofacial bone deficiencies caused by trauma or disease pose clinical challenges as the shape of the damaged area varies between people. Although bone grafts are effective, they face issues such as poor drug retention and potential immune responses. PLA scaffolds possess therapeutic potential owing to their size, mechanical properties, stability, and biocompatibility. However, PLA scaffolds inherently lack bioactive molecules necessary to promote osteogenesis. HSPG2, also known as perlecan (Pln), are a basement membrane-specific GAG-containing core protein. Pln is a reservoir for heparin-bi

Nano-scaffold containing functional motif of stromal cell-derived factor 1 enhances neural stem cell behavior and synaptogenesis in traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, presenting a significant challenge due to the lack of … ime such a scaffold has been created and has promising implications for its potential use in neural tissue engineering applications. Our findings demonstrate that the nano-scaffold enhances NSC proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity in vitro. Moreover, when transplanted into the injured brain, the nano-scaffold promotes the survival and integration o …

Engineering a wirelessly self-powered neural scaffold based on primary battery principle to accelerate nerve cell differentiation.

Electrical stimulation displayed tremendous potential in promoting nerve regeneration. However, the current electrical stimulation therapy required complex traversing wires and external power sources, which significantly limited its practical application. Herein, a self-powered nerve scaffold based on primary battery principle was gradient printed by laser additive manufacturing technique. Specifically, poly-L-lactide (PLLA) containing Ag2O and Zn nanoparticles was prepared as the positive and negative electrode of the scaffold respectively, and PLLA/PPy was prepared as the middle conductive s

Research on 3D-printed scaffolds with microstructure bio-inspired optimization for orbital bone defect repair.

Mechanical compatibility is a major challenge in designing orbital bone scaffolds, which involving material selection, structural design and fabrication processes. In this study, a novel impact model database containing essential components involved in tissue engineering repair of orbital fracture was established for finite element analysis (FEA). The mechanical compatibility between various pattern-designed scaffold and the orbital bone defect site was tested to raise the optimized square pattern filled scaffold for the subsequent study. Based on the optimized structure, 3D printed bone scaff…

Supercritical CO2-foamed hierarchically porous PLA/PBS-based scaffold for advanced bone regeneration.

This study presents a novel porous bone scaffold system (PBCMH) fabricated by melt blending and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) foaming, incorpora … ogether, these results underscore the potential of PBCMH3 as a promising scaffold for clinical bone tissue engineering, offering a comprehensive solution to the challenges of bone regeneration.

3D printed magnetoactive nanocomposite scaffolds for bone regeneration.

Simulating the natural cellular environment using magnetic stimuli could be a potential strategy to promote bone tissue regeneration. This study unveiled a novel 3D printed composite scaffold containing polycaprolactone (PCL) and cobalt ferrite/forsterite core-shell nanoparticles (CFF-NPs) to investigate physical, mechanical and biological properties of magnetoactive scaffold under static magnetic field. For this purpose, core-shell structure is synthesized through a two-step synthesis strategy in which cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are prepared via sol-gel combustion method and then are coated

Bioinspired adhesive polydopamine-metal-organic framework functionalized 3D customized scaffolds with enhanced angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and osteogenesis for orbital bone reconstruction.

Critical-sized orbital bone defects can lead to significant maxillofacial deformities and even eye movement disorders. The challenges associated with these defects, including their complicated structure, inadequate blood supply, and limited availability of progenitor cells that hinder successful repair. To overcome these issues, we developed a novel approach using computer numerical control (CNC) material reduction manufacturing technology to produce a customized polyetheretherketone (PEEK) scaffold that conforms to the specific shape of orbital bone defects. Deferoxamine (DFO) was in situ enc

A xenogeneic extracellular matrix-based 3D printing scaffold modified by ceria nanoparticles for craniomaxillofacial hard tissue regeneration via osteo-immunomodulation.

Hard tissue engineering scaffolds especially 3D printed scaffolds were considered an excellent strategy for craniomaxillofacial hard tissue regeneration, involving crania and facial bones and teeth. Porcine treated dentin matrix (pTDM) as xenogeneic extracellular matrix has the potential to promote the stem cell differentiation and mineralization as it contains plenty of bioactive factors similar with human-derived dentin tissue. However, its application might be impeded by the foreign body response induced by the damage-associated molecular patterns of pTDM, which would cause strong inflammat…

Establishment of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold derived from caprine pancreas as a novel alternative template over porcine pancreatic scaffold for prospective biomedical application.

In this study, the caprine pancreas has been presented as an alternative to the porcine organ for pancreatic xenotransplantation with lesser risk factors. The obtained caprine pancreas underwent a systematic cycle of detergent perfusion for decellularization. It was perfused using anionic (0.5% w/v sodium dodecyl sulfate) as well as non-ionic (0.1% v/v triton X-100, t-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) detergents and washed intermittently with 1XPBS supplemented with 0.1% v/v antibiotic and nucleases in a gravitation-driven set-up. After 48 h, a white decellularized pancreas was obtained, and i

Bone Fracture-Treatment Method: Fixing 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffolds with Hydrogel Type Bone-Derived Extracellular Matrix and β-Tricalcium Phosphate as an Osteogenic Promoter.

Bone formation and growth are crucial for treating bone fractures. Improving bone-reconstruction methods using autologous bone and synthetic implants can reduce the recovery time. Here, we investigated three treatments using two different materials, a bone-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (bdECM) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), individually and in combination, as osteogenic promoter between bone and 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffold (6-mm diameter) in rat calvarial defects (8-mm critical diameter). The materials were tested with a human pre-osteoblast cell line (MG63) to dete

Heterogenous hydrogel mimicking the osteochondral ECM applied to tissue regeneration.

Inspired by the intricate extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural cartilage and subchondral bone, a heterogenous bilayer hydrogel scaffold is fabricated. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and acryloyl glucosamine (AGA) serve as the main components in the upper layer, mimicking the chondral ECM. Meanwhile, vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) as a non-collagen protein analogue is incorporated into the bottom layer to induce the in situ biomineralization of calcium phosphate. The two heterogenous layers are effectively sutured together by the inter-diffusion between the upper and bottom layer hydrogels, together