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The Pathophysiology of Vasovagal Syncope and New Approaches to its Pharmacological Treatment.

Syncope refers to the transient loss of consciousness and the most common type of syncope is vasovagal syncope (VVS), usually occurring when a person is in an upright position, and/or after exposure to intense stress. The sequelae of VVS is caused by an increase in sympathetic tone and heart rate combined with an underfilled left ventricular chamber that leads to stimulation of cardiac afferent C fibers ultimately leading to bradycardia and vasodilation causing a reduction in venous return, cerebral hypoperfusion and VVS. Several treatment options have been tested including physical counter-pr…

Effects of Acute Exercise Bouts on Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Runners with Exercise-Induced Hypertension.

Exercise-induced hypertension (EIH) has increasingly been observed among middle-aged long-distance runners, raising concerns about cardiovas … nd SOD levels, along with a reduced NO response, indicating elevated myocardial stress and impaired vasodilation. hs-CRP was positively correlated with multiple hemodynamic indices, and SOD levels were associated with maximal systolic pressure and myocardial burden. These findings highlight the need for individualized monitoring and cardiovascular risk managem …

Nitric Oxide-Releasing Catheters with Phenol-Amine Catalytic Coatings for Improved Anti-Inflammatory Performance.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule critical for vasodilation, bacterial inhibition, and inflammation modulation, making it valuable for medical devices, such as catheters. However, existing NO-releasing catheters face challenges, including maintaining stable NO release over time and complex manufacturing processes. In this study, a robust nanocoating made from tannic acid (TA) and selenocystamine (SeCA) is presented, designed to catalytically generate NO from S-nitrosoglutathione in the presence of glutathione. Surface characterization techniques confirmed successful coating formation, …

Effects of oral glucose tolerance test on microvascular and autonomic nervous system regulation in young healthy individuals.

Acute elevations in blood glucose can influence microvascular function and autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity, both implicated in car … ed time-dependent changes in microvascular and HRV parameters. Endothelial nitric oxide-independent vasodilation transiently decreased during SNP response (p = 0.014), while myogenic component transiently increased (p = 0.029; two-way repeated measures ANOVA), with no significant change in the endothelial nitric oxide-dependent component. HRV measures RMSSD (p …

Vein of Galen Malformation-Experience of the Last 13 Years in a Reference Center from South-Eastern Europe.

The vein of Galen malformations (VoGMs) is mainly correlated with the retention of an embryonic pattern of vascularity, inducer of vein of G … reatment was focused on providing inotropic support and tightly controlled peripheral and pulmonary vasodilation with the aim of overriding the effects of high output heart failure. Most of the patients underwent liver failure and flow-mediated pulmonary hypertension, while half of the newborns expressed anomalies of the nervous system due to impaired cerebral …

Recurrent Epistaxis Immediate Following Upper Blepharoplasty: Treatment with Tranexamic Acid.

Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is a widely performed and generally safe oculoplastic procedure. While common complications such as ecchymosis, … uggests a potential mechanism involving regional vascular interplay and epinephrine-induced rebound vasodilation. Oral tranexamic acid was found to be an effective and well-tolerated adjunctive therapy. Awareness of this rare association may improve postoperative counseling and interdisciplinary management. Precautions such as humidification and nasal care may …

Nebivolol in the therapeutic landscape of heart failure: Mechanisms and clinical outcomes.

Heart failure (HF) remains a major global health challenge, marked by clinical heterogeneity and high morbidity, especially among elderly and comorbid patients. While β-blockers are central to HF management, conventional agents often present tolerability limitations, particularly in populations with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or impaired vascular function. Nebivolol, a third-generation β-blocker characterized by high β₁-selectivity and nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, offers a differentiated therapeutic profile with potential advantages in these subgroups. This review synthesizes c…

The influence of sex hormones and the menstrual cycle on women's athletic performance: A literature review.

The cyclical nature of female sex hormones - primarily estradiol and progesterone - exerts a multidimensional influence on physiological processes relevant to sports performance. This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of how different phases of the menstrual cycle affect energy metabolism, cardiovascular dynamics, neuromuscular function, thermoregulation, and psychological responses in physically active women. Estrogen-dominant phases, especially the late follicular stage, are generally associated with enhanced aerobic capacity, improved vasodilation, mood stabilization, an…

Alterations in the cecal microbiome of New Zealand White rabbits due to the long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum.

Long-acting anti-coagulant rodenticides (LAARs) are well characterized with respect to inhibition of vitamin K1 synthesis and effects on blo … microbiome dysbiosis and influence metabolic pathways and metabolites involved in inflammation and vasodilation.

Skin temperature and nitric oxide in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate skin temperature, indicative of peripheral vascular blood flow, core body temperature and nitric … ot menopause, may increase hand skin temperature, which could be indicative of excessive peripheral vasodilation. Menopause may not alter body temperature or NO levels in either patients with FM or healthy women.

Conductive Microneedle Patch with Mitochondria-Localized Generation of Nitric Oxide Promotes Heart Repair after Ischemia-Reperfusion Therapy.

Timely blood resupply is a clinical strategy to treat myocardial infarction, which unavoidably causes myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. With disturbed electrical conduction and oxidative stress in infarcted myocardium, injured heart experiences a negative ventricle remodeling process, and finally leads to heart failure. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived signaling molecule regulating cardiovascular homeostasis, while vasodilation of systemic vasculature is accompanied by its exogenous supplementation. Meanwhile, connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein for electrical propagation in myo…

Tailoring Anesthesia for Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Case Report Highlighting Perioperative Challenges.

Cardiac amyloidosis is a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy, posing significant challenges in perioperative care. We report the case of an … sis, particularly with cardiac involvement, which requires careful anesthetic titration to minimize vasodilation and myocardial depression and avoidance of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers. Furthermore, the authors highlight the perioperative hematologic, metabolic, and electrolyte disorders that may arise from disease and cardiac-target therapies su …

Re-Evaluating Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Candidacy for Patients with Kidney Disease.

People with cirrhosis of the liver are at increased risk of developing kidney dysfunction because of portal hypertension-induced splanchnic vasodilation which decreases effective arterial blood volume. This can lead to hepatorenal syndrome, which manifests clinically as ascites that is refractory to diuretics, a rise in creatinine, and hyponatremia. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a procedure that shunts blood directly from the portal vein to the hepatic vein, bypassing the high-pressure system of the cirrhotic liver. Among patients with diuretic-resistant ascites, TIPS…

Intermittent Sinus Pause/Asystole in the Setting of Anticholinergic Overdose.

Anticholinergic toxicity typically presents with symptoms of cutaneous vasodilation, delirium, mydriasis, urinary retention, hyperthermia, anhidrosis, and tachycardia. This case report presents a 68-year-old female patient who exhibited some of these signs and symptoms after ingesting an unknown quantity of dicyclomine. However, she displayed one notable exception to the classic toxidrome. On hospital day 2, the patient experienced multiple incidences of prolonged sinus pause, culminating in witnessed asystole lasting 5-10 seconds. The patient continued to have numerous episodes of sinus pause…

Pulmonary Artery Denervation for Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Case Report.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by significantly elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP … sk PAH patients by inhibiting excessive sympathetic nervous system activity and promoting pulmonary vasodilation, especially when combined with targeted drugs, which can produce synergistic effects. However, large-index trials are needed to validate its long-term efficacy, expanded indications, and procedural standardization.

Skin manifestations in perioperative hypersensitivity: state of the art.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Among the various manifestations of perioperative hypersensitivity (POH), skin reactions are often the first and most vis … yanosis are strong indicators of life-threatening IgE-mediated allergic reactions compared to early vasodilation signs like erythema or urticaria. SUMMARY: Skin manifestations play a crucial role in the early recognition and management of POH, but their absence should not lead to false reassurance. A thorough understanding of these signs is essential for accu …

Пренебрежение ролью КГРН в неврологических заболеваниях: всеобъемлющее исследование патологических механизмов и терапевтических последствий.

Болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), болезнь Хантингтона (HD), Множественный склероз (MS), амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS) и мускулистая атрофия (SMA) являются нейродегенеративными заболеваниями (NDD), характеризующимися прогрессивным нейронным дегенерацией. Недавно проведенные исследования позволяют получить исчерпывающую информацию о вкладе кальцитонина, связанного с геном Пептида (КГРП), мощного нейропептида, в регулирование нейроинфламмации, вазодиляции и нейронального выживания в этих расстройствах. Этот обзор систематически включает в себя многомерные аспекты КГГР как

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Multiple sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), … of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), a potent neuropeptide, in regulating neuroinflammation, vasodilation, and neuronal survival in these disorders. This review systematically delves into the multidimensional aspects of CGRP as both a neuroprotective agent and a neurotoxic factor in NDDs. The neuroprotective effects of CGRP include suppression of inflam …

Vinpocetine alleviates the abdominal aortic aneurysm progression via VSMCs SIRT1-p21 signaling pathway.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease that caused mortality in people aged >65. Senescence plays a critical role in AAA pathogenesis. Advances in AAA repair techniques have occurred, but a remaining priority is therapies to limit AAA growth and rupture. Our Previous study found cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C) exacerbate AAA through aggravate vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) senescence by downregulating Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) expression and activity. Vinpocetine as a selective inhibitor of PDE1 and a clinical medication for cerebral vasodilation, it is unclear w…

Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia: A review with 10 years of perspective.

Over the past decade, numerous studies have investigated an innovative "live low-train high" approach based on the repetition of short (<30 … ges can be obtained through RSH for sea-level performance enhancement. An enhanced microcirculatory vasodilation leading to improved muscle perfusion and/or oxygenation and an increase in muscular phosphocreatine content may help explain the superiority of RSH vs. RSN. Third, the present review aims to provide guidelines for coaches, athletes and scientists to …

Near-infrared light-enhanced polydopamine-based multifunctional nanoparticles for combination of chemodynamic and NO gas therapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

The emergence of treatment approaches that integrate conventional phototherapy with additional adjuvant treatments has garnered considerable … ate NO, which is not only used for gas therapy (GT), but also as a biological messenger to regulate vasodilation to relieve tumor hypoxia. More importantly, the addition of low-dose near-infrared laser can not only promote the efficiency of the above two reactions, but also achieve PTT/PDT and obtain good synergistic tumor treatment effects. The anti-tumor eff …