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The essential oil of Brazilian pepper, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi in larval control of Stegomyia aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762).

BACKGROUND: The ability of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and its allies, such as Stegomyia, to transmit diseases such as dengue and yellow fever, makes them important in public health. This study aims to evaluate the use of the essential oil of Brazilian pepper in biological control of by assessing and quantifying the larvicidal effect against S. aegypti, the only available access to dengue control, and test its risk of genotoxicity with Salmonella typhimurium as an indicator of safety for its environmental use. RESULTS: The density of the oil was 0.8622 g mL-1. Gas chromatography coupled wit…

Update on dengue: epidemiology, virus evolution, antiviral drugs, and vaccine development.

Dengue virus is the most widespread geographically of the arboviruses and a major public health threat in the tropics and subtropics. Scient … ns. Furthermore, several dengue vaccine candidates are in development, of which the chimeric dengue/yellow fever vaccine has now entered phase 3 trials. Until the availability of a licensed vaccine, disease surveillance and vector population control remain the mainstay of dengue prevention.

Meta-analysis of all immune epitope data in the Flavivirus genus: inventory of current immune epitope data status in the context of virus immunity and immunopathology.

A meta-analysis was performed in order to inventory the immune epitope data related to viruses in the genus Flavivirus. Nearly 2000 epitopes … nversely, the relatively smaller number of epitopes defined for the other viruses within the genus (yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis virus) most likely reflects the presence of established prophylaxis and/or their more modest impact on morbidity and mortality globally. Through this work we hope to provide useful data to those working in the area of Flavi …

Infant hybrids in a newly formed mixed-species group of howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans and Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina.

Natural hybridisation between species has been reported in several primate taxa. In the Neotropics, there is increasing evidence of this phe … ther putative hybrid newborn. This infant male died together with all members of his group during a yellow fever outbreak in early 2008. The lower frequency of mixed-species groups and hybrids at our site compared with other contact zones reported in the literature, suggests that the incidence of natural hybridisation between howler species differs depending o …

Defining the levels of secreted non-structural protein NS1 after West Nile virus infection in cell culture and mice.

Infection with West Nile virus (WNV) causes a febrile illness that can progress to meningitis or encephalitis, primarily in humans that are … SA efficiently detected as little as 0.5 ng/ml of soluble NS1 and exhibited no cross-reactivity for yellow fever, Dengue, and St. Louis encephalitis virus NS1. The capture ELISA reliably detected NS1 in plasma at day 3 after WNV infection, prior to the development of clinical signs of disease. As the time course of infection continued, the levels of detectable …

Манипулирование человеческой историей микробами.

Конвергенция микробных и человеческих миров обеспечивает нам повседневные необходимые условия для выживания нашего вида, и, в свою очередь, это взаимодействие влечет за собой болезненные и трагические последствия от патогенов. Оглядываясь назад, можно увидеть, что микробы также изменили нашу историю. Если бы не патоген, остановивший ассирийскую военную кампанию, у нас бы не было иудаизма, христианства или ислама. Микробы были там, чтобы помочь противникам в падении великих греческих и римских империй. Храбрые приказы Джорджа Вашингтона инкорпорировать колониальную армию против оспы (20 лет до

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The convergence of the microbial and human worlds provides us with everyday essentials for the survival of our species, and in turn, this in … gnificant actions in saving the American Revolution from an early and unsuccessful end. Without the yellow fever virus and its accomplice, Aedes aegypti, those living in what was the Louisiana Territory might now have French as their native language. The potato blight caused by Phytophthora infestans changed the histories of both Ireland and those countries (e …

Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine interactions: effects on cognition, muscle function and health outcomes in marmosets.

Following active service during the 1990/1991 Gulf Conflict, a number of UK and US veterans presented with a diverse range of symptoms, collectively known as Gulf Veterans Illnesses (GVI). The administration of vaccines and/or the pretreatment against possible nerve agent poisoning, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), given to armed forces personnel during the Gulf Conflict has been implicated as a possible factor in the aetiology of these illnesses. The possibility that long-term health effects may result from the administration of these vaccines (anthrax, pertussis, plague, yellow fever, polio, typ…

The V-type H(+)-ATPase in Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti: localization and activity.

The V-type H(+)-ATPase is thought to provide the driving force for transepithelial electrolyte and fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules. To confirm the presence of this proton pump in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, we used several antibodies raised against the V-type H(+)-ATPase of Manduca sexta. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of the V-type H(+)-ATPase in Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti. In situ immunostaining identified the V-type H(+)-ATPase at the apical membrane of the mitochondrion-rich brush border of principal cells. The V-type H(+)-ATP…

Intraspecific DNA variation in nuclear genes of the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are an abundant source of genetic variation among individual organisms. To assess the usefulness of SNPs for genome analysis in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, we sequenced 25 nuclear genes in each of three strains and analysed nucleotide diversity. The average frequency of nucleotide variation was 12 SNPs per kilobase, indicating that nucleotide variation in Ae. aegypti is similar to that in other organisms, including Drosophila and the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Transition polymorphisms outnumbered transversion polymorphisms, at a ratio…

Gout-induced arthropathy after total knee arthroplasty: a report of two cases.

Gout, although relatively rare in joint replacements, can present as an acute or chronic painful knee or hip arthroplasty. Gout and acute infection of a joint replacement can be difficult to differentiate, with the physical examination and laboratory study results frequently being similar. Both conditions can present with a rapid onset of joint pain, swelling, erythema, and constitutional symptoms, including fevers and malaise. Laboratory findings in both conditions often include an elevated leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level. Negatively birefringent,

Lipophorin as a yolk protein precursor in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

We examined expression of the lipophorin (Lp) gene, lipophorin (Lp) synthesis and secretion in the mosquito fat body, as well as dynamic changes in levels of this lipoprotein in the hemolymph and ovaries, during the first vitellogenic cycle of females of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Lipophorin was purified by potassium bromide (KBr) density gradient ultracentrifugation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Polyclonal antibodies were produced against individual Lp apoproteins, apolipoprotein-I (apoLp-I) and apolipoprotein-II (apoLp-II), with mole…

Xanthogranulomatous tubo-ovarian abscess resulting from chronic diverticulitis.

The relative abundance of the aquatic stages of mosquito species distribution in two macrohabitats was studied between August 2001 and July 2002 using four different microhabitats (plastic cups, metal cans, bamboo cups and earthenware pots). The macrohabitats were subdivided into Areas of Derived/Secondary Vegetation (ADSV) and Areas of High Human Activities (AHHA). The results revealed mosquito species belonging to three genera (Anopheles, Culex and Aedes species), which are known vectors of four different human diseases (yellow fever, arboviruses in general, bancroftian filariasis, and malar…

Mosquito cathepsin B-like protease involved in embryonic degradation of vitellin is produced as a latent extraovarian precursor.

Here we report identification of a novel member of the thiol protease superfamily in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. It is synthesized and secreted as a latent proenzyme in a sex-, stage-, and tissue-specific manner by the fat body, an insect metabolic tissue, of female mosquitoes during vitellogenesis in response to blood feeding. The secreted, hemolymph form of the enzyme is a large molecule, likely a hexamer, consisting of 44-kDa subunits. The deduced amino acid sequence of this 44-kDa precursor shares high similarity with cathepsin B but not with other mammalian cathepsins. We ha…

[Oviposition and dispersion of Aedes aegypti in an urban environment].

It is generally accepted that female Aedes aegypti do not fly more than 50-100 m in their entire lifetime, yet the rapidity with which this species colonizes new areas, and the explosive nature of dengue and yellow fever epidemics appear to contradict this. Using molecular methods, we have confirmed that the Ae. aegypti females lay small numbers of eggs at many sites. The distribution of available sites implies that the female may fly a considerable distance to deposit her whole egg batch. We developed a method of monitor dispersal during oviposition by labelling the eggs of the mosquito with …

Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping of quantitative trait loci for malaria parasite susceptibility in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Susceptibility of the mosquito Aedes aegypti to the malarial parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum was investigated as a quantitative trait using … ion has previously been implicated in susceptibility to the filarial nematode Brugia malayi and the yellow fever virus.

Обнаружение специфического по вирусу антигена в ядрах или нуклеоли клеток, инфицированных вирусом Зика или Лангат.

При помощи вирусов Западного Нила и желтой лихорадки (YF) были получены два моноколональных антитела (MAb) с молекулярной спецификой либо для вирусного гликпротеина (MAb 541), либо для неструктурного NS1 гликопротеина (MAb 109). Их антигенная реактивность с большим количеством флавивирусов была испытана с помощью микроскопии с непрямым иммунофлюоресценцией. Обе группы производят цитоплазмические флуоресцентные пятна с гомологическим вирусом, против которого они были вырождены. Кроме того, MAb 541 отреагировал с двумя субсейтрами вируса YF, в то время как MAb 109 отреагировал с вирусами Bussuqu

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with molecular specificities for either the viral envelope glycoprotein (MAb 541) or the non-structural NS1 glycoprotein (MAb 109) were derived using West Nile and yellow fever (YF) viruses respectively. Their antigenic reactivity with a large number of flaviviruses was tested by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Both p…

Characterization of novel viral polyproteins detected in cells infected by the flavivirus Kunjin and radiolabelled in the presence of the leucine analogue hydroxyleucine.

Vero cells were infected by Kunjin virus and radiolabelled in the presence of the leucine analogue, threo-beta-hydroxy-DL-leucine (THL). Thi … the THL-induced changes in infected cells based on recent models proposed for the synthesis of the yellow fever and West Nile viral proteins.

A serologic follow-up of the 1942 epidemic of post-vaccination hepatitis in the United States Army.

An epidemic of icteric hepatitis in 1942 affected approximately 50,000 U.S. Army personnel. This outbreak was linked to specific lots of yellow-fever vaccine stabilized with human serum. To identify the responsible virus and the consequences of the epidemic, during 1985 we interviewed and serologically screened 597 veterans who had been in the army in 1942. These subjects were selected from three groups. Group I consisted of patients who had received the implicated vaccine and had jaundice; Group II had received the implicated vaccine but remained well; Group III had received a new, serum-free

[Critical backward glance at the development of the science of immunity].

Premunition, infection immunity and virus persistence are notions of the theory of immunity, which, on account of their communities lead to … with particularly reliable immunity are certain virus diseases, such as measles, poliomyelitis and yellow fever. The viruses increase in the intracellular space may persist there and may later on evoke local recidivations, like the viruses of the herpes group. As a purely sensory substrate antibodies only evoke the inflammatory disease, but they are not carri …

Vaccination against virus diseases.

One of the most important and most lasting benefits of medicine to human health and health expenditure is the controlled immunological interruption of the vicious cycle of infectious disease such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, yellow fever, measles. Smallpox, with globally more than 2.5 million cases ten years ago, is gone. The incidence of infectious diseases with available immunoprophylaxis has been reduced by 90 % over the past two decades, while the incidence of diseases without vaccine has nearly tripled. By contrast, influenza, a disease against which there have been vaccines in existence f…