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Reduced deactivation in reward circuitry and midline structures during emotion processing in borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVES. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a pervasive affective dysregulation. While recent imaging studies demonstrated the neural correlates of abnormal emotion processing in BPD and recently one study reported alterations of the reward circuit in this patient group, the exact neural mechanisms underlying the impact of abnormal emotion on reward behavior remain unclear. METHODS. We therefore conducted an fMRI study in healthy controls and BPD patients to investigate the modulation of the anticipation of reward by simultaneously presented emotional pictures. RESULT…

Examining the impact of gender on the factor structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised.

Research on the factor structure of psychopathy has yielded mixed results, supporting anywhere from one to three factors. Additionally, most of this research has used all-male samples, and the possibility of structural invariance across gender has not been examined. Using a mixed-gender sample of 360 undergraduates, the factor structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised was examined using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple group analysis. One-, two-, and three-factor models were tested and compared with each other. When males and females were combined, none of the three …

Aggression, suicidality, and intermittent explosive disorder: serotonergic correlates in personality disorder and healthy control subjects.

Central serotonergic (5-HT) activity has long been implicated in the regulation of impulsive aggressive behavior. This study was performed to use a highly selective agent for 5-HT (d-Fenfluramine, d-FEN) in a large group of human subjects to further explore this relationship dimensionally and categorically. One hundred and fifty healthy subjects (100 with personality disorder, PD and 50 healthy volunteer controls, HV) underwent d-FEN challenge studies. Residual peak delta prolactin (DeltaPRL[d-FEN]-R; ie, after the removal of potentially confounding variables) was used as the primary 5-HT resp…

Depression, anxiety disorders and Type D personality as risk factors for delirium after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prognostic risk of incident delirium after cardiac surgery attributable to preoperative affective disorders and Type D personality. METHODS: Patients awaiting elective coronary revascularization surgery (N = 158; 20.9% female; 11.4% concomitant valve surgery; age M = 64.7, SD = 10.6) underwent the structured MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview and completed a measure of Type D personality. Postoperative incident delirium was established prior to discharge from the index hospitalization with structured psychiatric interview. RESULTS: The prevalence of ps…

Dysfunctions in understanding other minds in borderline personality disorder: a study using cartoon picture stories.

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are thought to be impaired in their ability to reflect on others' mental states. Only a few empirical studies have explored the idea that impaired mentalizing in BPD is associated with poor quality of parental care or parental separation during early childhood. Fifty patients diagnosed with BPD were examined using a cartoon task. Quality of parental care was assessed using a self-report measure for recalled parental child-rearing style. Patients with BPD did not differ from controls in their mentalizing abilities. In BPD, however, mentalizing…

Self-mutilation and suicide attempts: relationships to bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, temperament and character.

OBJECTIVE: Self-mutilation has traditionally been associated with borderline personality disorder, and seldom examined separately from suicide attempts. Clinical experience suggests that self-mutilation is common in bipolar disorder. METHODS: A family study was conducted on the molecular genetics of depression and personality, in which the proband had been treated for depression. All probands and parents or siblings were interviewed with a structured interview and completed the Temperament and Character Inventory. RESULTS: Fourteen per cent of subjects interviewed reported a history of self-…

Acute hepatitis and personality change in a 31-year-old man taking prohormone supplement SUS500.

BACKGROUND: For decades, anabolic-androgenic steroids have been abused to enhance muscle growth. The harm inflicted by these compounds is well documented. OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated and report on a case in which a male patient self-prescribed some newer dietary supplements, about which less is known. METHOD: The authors report on a case of hepatitis and aggressive personality changes in a 31-year-old man taking purported prohormone agent SUS500 and other, newer supplements. RESULTS: Diagnosis was based on history, mental status exam, and laboratory findings. With discontinuation of…

Ethnicity in trauma and psychiatric disorders: findings from the collaborative longitudinal study of personality disorders.

The study's aims are to explore ethnic differences in rates of adverse childhood experiences and lifetime traumatic events and in rates of psychiatric disorders for patients exposed to similar traumas. Rates of these events and rates of major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress, substance use, and borderline personality disorders were compared among 506 non-Hispanic Whites (N-HW), 108 Latina(o)s, and 94 African Americans (AA) participating in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study. We found that Whites reported higher rates of neglect than African Americans and Latina(…

Distinguishing suicidal from non-suicidal deliberate self-harm events in women with Borderline Personality Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is common in Borderline Personality Disorder, may be due to a variety of reasons, and is associated with different degrees of suicidal intent. Understanding the reasons for episodes of DSH in this population may be helpful in developing interventions to reduce the rate of DSH or to assist in the clinical judgement of suicidal intention after DSH has occurred. METHODS: The Parasuicide History Interview, version 2 (PHI-2) was used to determine the reasons for DSH events in 70 Australian women diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. Factor analysis o…

The effect of Olanzapine and Sertraline on personality disorder in patients with methadone maintenance therapy.

BACKGROUND: Various drugs have been suggested for treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)-a disabling disease affecting two percent of the general population. If a drug could alleviate a wide range of symptoms, it would be more suitable. In these disorders drug addiction is very common. This fact makes the symptoms complicated and the treatment more difficult. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study is designed to evaluate the effect of Olanzapine and Sertraline in patients suffering from personality disorders who are on methadone maintenance therapy. This study is a clinical trial. 120 m…

Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the management of borderline personality disorder: a randomized double-blind trial.

INTRODUCTION: The newer atypical antipsychotics seem to be as effective as previous antipsychotics for impulsivity and aggressiveness of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Objective of this assessment was to compare the effectiveness of olanzapine versus haloperidol in BPD. METHOD: Twenty-eight female inpatients, meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, criteria for BPD, were randomly entered in one of the 2 matching contemporaneous groups for an 8-week parallel double-blind study. This included the random assignment t…

Examining the course and outcome of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and comorbid borderline personality disorder.

This research examined the prevalence of comorbid borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a sample of schizophrenia inpatients, and then investigated the degree to which BPD comorbidity impacted symptom and functional outcomes after 1-year post-hospital discharge. A sample of 142 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 100) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 42) from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study were administered the Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Personality (SIDP-R). Symptom and functional outcome data were gathered during hospitalization and at 1-year follow-up…

[Categorical and dimensional diagnosis in schizoid and narcissistic personality disorders: critical interpretation of literature cases].

In the general reflection inherent categorical and dimensional diagnosis and the opportunity to put neurotic and psychotic personality in the various chapters of the discipline, a never-ending discussion on the similarities and differences between clinical pictures classified in separate entries (think of the comings and goings from one cluster to another between schizoid and avoidant personality disorder). Other cogent discussion focused on the nosographical criteria, targeted to a modified classification that takes into account dimensional rather than descriptive criteria. About personality …

Enhanced 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' in borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls.

BACKGROUND: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is partly characterized by chronic instability in interpersonal relationships, which exacerbates other symptom dimensions of the disorder and can interfere with treatment engagement. Facial emotion recognition paradigms have been used to investigate the bases of interpersonal impairments in BPD, yielding mixed results. We sought to clarify and extend past findings by using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), a measure of the capacity to discriminate the mental state of others from expressions in the eye region of the face. METHOD: Th…

Gender differences in axis I and axis II comorbidity in patients with borderline personality disorder.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Differences in the clinical presentation of men and women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are of potential interest for investigations into the neurobiology, genetics, natural history, and treatment response of BPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in axis I and axis II comorbidity and in diagnostic criteria in BPD patients. METHODS: 110 women and 49 men with BPD were assessed with the computer-based version of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorder…

Emotional, cognitive and physiological correlates of abuse-related stress in borderline and antisocial personality disorder.

Childhood abuse is an important precursor of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). The current study compared the emotional reactivity to abuse-related stress of these patients on a direct and an indirect level. Changes in self-reported affect and schema modes, psychophysiology and reaction time based cognitive associations were assessed following confrontation with an abuse-related film fragment in patients with BPD (n=45), ASPD (n=21), Cluster C personality disorder (n=46) and non-patient controls (n=36). Results indicated a hyperresponsivity of BP…

Organizational justice and men's likelihood to sexually harass: the moderating role of sexism and personality.

This study demonstrated relations between men's perceptions of organizational justice and increased sexual harassment proclivities. Respondents reported higher likelihood to sexually harass under conditions of low interactional justice, suggesting that sexual harassment likelihood may increase as a response to perceived injustice. Moreover, the relation between justice and sexual harassment proclivities was especially marked for men low in agreeableness and high in hostile sexism. This finding is consistent with an interactionist perspective, suggesting that individual differences in hostility

Подростковая привязанность и траектории враждебного импульсивного поведения: последствия для развития личностных расстройств.

Траектории импульсивного и враждебного поведения подростков являются динамичным индексом риска возникновения расстройств личности в группе В (антисоциальных и пограничных) в раннем возрасте. В текущем исследовании мы проверили гипотезу о том, что запутанное состояние сознания в интервью для взрослых повысило бы как уровень, так и темпы роста подростковых траекторий агрессивного и сексуального поведения, сопряженного с риском, измеряемого в возрасте 13, 15 и 17 лет. В целом, обеспокоенные государства предсказывали более высокие уровни сексуального риска и агрессивного поведения во всех трех оце

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Adolescents' trajectories of impulsive and hostile behaviors provide a dynamic index of risk for the emergence of Cluster B (antisocial and borderline) personality disorders in early adulthood. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that preoccupied states of mind in the Adult Attachment Interview would increase both the level and rate of growth in a…

Major depression and dimensional representations of DSM-IV personality disorders: a population-based twin study.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) co-occurs frequently with personality disorders (PDs). The extent to which this results from shared genetic or environmental risk factors remains uncertain. METHOD: Young adult twins (n=2801) from the population-based Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel were assessed at personal interview for DSM-IV lifetime MDD and the 10 Axis II PDs. The relationship between MDD and dimensional representations of all PDs was explored by stepwise logistic regression. Multivariate Cholesky twin models were fitted using the Mx program, and genetic and env…

Drinking motives as mediators in the relation between personality disorder symptoms and alcohol use disorder.

Research shows high comorbidity between Cluster B Personality Disorders (PDs) and Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs). Studies of personality traits and alcohol use have identified coping and enhancement drinking motives as mediators of the relation among impulsivity, negative affectivity or affectivity instability, and alcohol use. To the extent that certain PDs reflect extreme expression of these traits, drinking motives were hypothesized to mediate the relation between PD symptoms and presence/absence of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This hypothesis was tested using a series of cross-sectional an…