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Placental defects revealed by modelling Prader-Willi syndrome in mice.

The neurodevelopmental disorder Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by paternally derived loss of gene expression from the imprinted interval on chromosome 15q11-q13. Recently, it has been suggested that the abnormal feeding-related behaviours characteristic of PWS can, in part, be developmentally programmed in utero via abnormal placental function. Here, we report that several PWS-associated genes were expressed in mouse placenta with three PWS-associated RNA transcripts, i.e. genes Magel2 and Necdin, and the lncRNA Sngh14, colocalised to the Kdr-positive (Kdr+) foetal endothelial cells of

New indicator of small intestinal ageing in senescence-accelerated mice.

Aging is understood to be a time-dependent decline in various physiological functions. Motor and sensory functions deteriorate relatively early after maturity, while nutrient absorption and barrier functions in the digestive tract are reported to decline later, but the specific sites and mechanisms remain unclear. Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 1 (SAMP1) mice (9 months) and C57BL/6 mice (over 19 months) were used to examine age-related changes in intestinal function of different regions using Ussing chambers. In SAMP1 mice, nutrient absorption and tight junction cationic permeability were

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer and senescence.

The rising trend in global cancer incidence has caused widespread concern, one of the main reasons being the aging of the global population. Statistical data show that cancer incidence and mortality rates show a clear upward trend with age. Although there is a commonality between dysregulated nutrient sensing, which is one of the main features of aging, and metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, the specific regulatory relationship is not clear. This manuscript intends to comprehensively analyze the relationship between senescence and tumor metabolic reprogramming; as well as reveal the impac

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… Body metabolism includes glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein/amino acid metabolism, nucleotide/nucleic acid metabolism, and other nutrient metabolism. … Although phytochemicals are not essential nutrients, they have anticancer and antioxidant properties 253 , 254 and antioxidant 255 and anti‐inflammatory 256 functions. …

Integrated two-stage continuous system with pH-triggered CO2 delivery for sustainable algal wastewater-to-bioenergy production.

Microalgae offer high lipid content and significant carbon-neutral potential, yet inefficient bioprocess and carbon source management fundamentally hinder their scalability. Addressing these challenges, this study developed an innovative integrated two-stage continuous cultivation system for Synechococcus sp., combining pH-triggered CO2 delivery with wastewater nutrient recycling. Elucidating the relationships among growth, pH, and inorganic carbon, the precise CO2-based pH strategy eliminated salt stress, enhancing biomass productivity by 25 % over conventional chemical methods. The optimized

Reduction of intestinal RIPK1 ameliorates HFD-induced metabolic disorders in female mice.

In modern society, excessive nutrient intake from food is a major factor contributing to the development of a series of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying nutrient absorption in the intestine will help to better understand and develop preventive or therapeutic strategies. In this study, using receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (Ripk1) intestine-specific heterozygous knockout mice (Ripk1 IEC+/-) and high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding mouse model, we report that HFD-induced shift in the transcriptional profile of the ileum toward that

Nutritional Factors and Arrhythmic Risk in Long QT Syndrome: A Narrative Review of Mechanistic and Clinical Evidence.

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an umbrella term for a group of genetic cardiac channelopathies characterized by prolonged ventricular repolarization and increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. Although β-blockers and lifestyle modifications remain central to management, specific dietary components may influence repolarization and arrhythmic risk, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals. This review summarizes mechanistic and clinical evidence on the electrophysiological effects of selected nutrients, food constituents, and supplements-including grapefruit juice, licorice, over-…

Gut-to-brain signaling restricts dietary protein intake during recovery from catabolic states.

Dietary needs are dynamic, with optimal ranges for nutrients varying over time and across physiological states. How optimal nutrient set points are established and why they are adjusted remains largely unknown. In our efforts to understand the physiology of recovery, we made the surprising observation that mice restrict protein intake at the expense of caloric supply. We identified three amino acids-glutamine (Q), lysine (K), and threonine (T)-within dietary protein, which are necessary and sufficient for protein aversion during recovery from catabolic states. The anorexigenic effects of QKT a…

Nutritional Strategies against Diabetic Nephropathy: Insights from Animal Studies and Human Trials.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), defined as continuously elevated urinary albumin and a diminished estimated glomerular filtration rate, is a serious complication of both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and is the main cause of end-stage kidney disease. Patients with end-stage renal disease require chronic kidney dialysis and/or a kidney transplantation. Research highlights the role of diet in modulating specific signaling pathways that are instrumental in the progression of DN. Nutrient-sensitive pathways, affected by nutritional compounds and dietary components, offer a novel perspective on th

Chewing difficulties, oral health, and nutritional status in adults with intellectual disabilities: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Chewing difficulty, poor oral health, inadequate and imbalanced nutrition are serious health problems in individuals with intell … fficulty (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Chewing difficulties were associated with lower intake of certain nutrients, highlighting the importance of addressing oral health and dietary counselling in this population.

Soil metabolomics: Deciphering underground metabolic webs in terrestrial ecosystems.

Soil metabolomics is an emerging approach for profiling diverse small molecule metabolites, i.e., metabolomes, in the soil. Soil metabolites, including fatty acids, amino acids, lipids, organic acids, sugars, and volatile organic compounds, often contain essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur and are directly linked to soil biogeochemical cycles driven by soil microorganisms. This paper presents an overview of methods for analyzing soil metabolites and the state-of-the-art of soil metabolomics in relation to soil nutrient cycling. We describe important applications of met…

Behind the Protein Battle Lines in the 1970s: Nutritional Turmoil in the Postwar World.

This study examines the development of international debates about the perception of nutrients, particularly protein, with a focus on the "Protein Debate" of the late 20th century. The nutritional obsession with protein has been ongoing since the early 19th century, when scientific nutrition was established, and has been at the center of debates surrounding food, agriculture, healthcare, and the environment, changing in shape and form over time. In addition to being a nutrient necessary for optimal physical and mental performance, protein has been a marker of poverty and discrimination at the …

Small intestine vs. colon ecology and physiology: Why it matters in probiotic administration.

Research on gut microbiota has generally focused on fecal samples, representing luminal content of the large intestine. However, nutrient uptake is restricted to the small intestine. Abundant immune cell populations at this anatomical site combined with diminished mucus secretion and looser junctions (partly to allow for more efficient fluid and nutrient absorption) also results in intimate host-microbe interactions despite more rapid transit. It is thus crucial to dissect key differences in both ecology and physiology between small and large intestine to better leverage the immense potential

Systematic diet composition swap in a mouse genome-scale metabolic model reveals determinants of obesogenic diet metabolism in liver cancer.

Dietary nutrient availability and gene expression, together, influence tissue metabolic activity. Here, we explore whether altering dietary nutrient composition in the context of mouse liver cancer suffices to overcome chronic gene expression changes that arise from tumorigenesis and western-style diet (WD). We construct a mouse genome-scale metabolic model and estimate metabolic fluxes in liver tumors and non-tumoral tissue after computationally varying the composition of input diet. This approach, called Systematic Diet Composition Swap (SyDiCoS), revealed that, compared to a control diet, W

Dietary pattern and hepatic lipid metabolism.

The liver is the leading site for lipid metabolism, involving not only fatty acid beta-oxidation but also de novo synthesis of endogenous tr … single nutrient on hepatic lipid metabolism. However, real-life dietary patterns encompass diverse nutrients rather than single components. In recent years, there have been increased studies and notable progress regarding the effects of distinct dietary patterns on hepatic lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the influence of diverse dietary patterns o …

Nutritional deficiency in an intestine-on-a-chip recapitulates injury hallmarks associated with environmental enteric dysfunction.

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED)-a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine-is characterized by villus blunting, compromised intestinal barrier function and reduced nutrient absorption. Here we show that essential genotypic and phenotypic features of EED-associated intestinal injury can be reconstituted in a human intestine-on-a-chip lined by organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells from patients with EED and cultured in nutrient-deficient medium lacking niacinamide and tryptophan. Exposure of the organ chip to such nutritional deficiencies resulted in congruent changes in si

Metabolic requirements of NK cells during the acute response against retroviral infection.

Natural killer (NK) cells are important early responders against viral infections. Changes in metabolism are crucial to fuel NK cell respons … cell antiviral functions, leading to increased viral loads. Our study thus shows the requirement of nutrients and metabolism for the antiviral activity of NK cells, and has important implications for viral infections associated with altered iron levels such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2.

Enhanced lipid utilization is coupled to the sickness responses triggered by lipopolysaccharide.

Sickness symptoms exerted via inflammatory responses occur in several infectious and chronic diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that altered nutrient availability and metabolism are tightly coupled to inflammatory processes. However, the relationship between metabolic shifts and the development of the sickness response has not been explored fully. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate metabolic phenotypes with a mouse model showing sickness symptoms via systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the present study. LPS injection elevated the lipid utilization and circulating le

Improvement of partial nitrification endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal system: Balancing competition between phosphorus and glycogen accumulating organisms to enhance nitrogen removal without initiating phosphorus removal deterioration.

The novel partial nitrification endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal (PNEDPR) process can achieve deep-level nutrient removal from low carbon/nitrogen municipal wastewater without extra carbons. However, its performance is limited by long hydraulic retention time (HRT) and low specific endogenous denitrification rate (rNO2). This study aimed at investigating the effects of two improving strategies on PNEDPR. One was decreasing both anaerobic and anoxic reaction time for shortening HRT from 55 h to 17.5 h. The other was temporarily discharging orthophosphate-rich supernatant for ba

Advances in glucagon like peptide-2 therapy. physiology, current indications and future directions.

The treatment paradigm for pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and intestinal failure (IF) has changed significantly over recent years; the development of dedicated IF teams, refinements in PN and surgical treatments have greatly improved survival. The majority of SBS patients undergo intestinal adaptation such that nutrient absorption from enteral feeds increases and the child can come off of PN. This "adaptation" or upregulation in nutrient absorptive capacity is still poorly understood; the enteric hormone Glucagon like peptide 2 (GLP-2) appears to be a key regulator in this

Strategy for Multinutrient Application in Integrated Granules Using Zein as a Coating Layer.

The efficiency of phosphate fertilizers is strongly limited by the acidity and high iron content and aluminum-based compounds in soils due to high P fixation. Coatings have been proposed as an alternative solution to reduce P losses by controlling the fertilizer release, but the literature is not conclusive about the most adequate material for that purpose. Herein we report a novel Zn-based coating for monoammonium phosphate (MAP) granules comprising ZnO nanoparticles and zein as a bicoating structure. Samples were prepared by dispersing ZnO and zein on the MAP surface and characterized, compa