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Viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus.

Metagenomics and a panmicrobial microarray were used to examine eight live-attenuated viral vaccines. Viral nucleic acids in trivalent oral poliovirus (OPV), rubella, measles, yellow fever, varicella-zoster, multivalent measles/mumps/rubella, and two rotavirus live vaccines were partially purified, randomly amplified, and pyrosequenced. Over half a million sequence reads were generated covering from 20 to 99% of the attenuated viral genomes at depths reaching up to 8,000 reads per nucleotides. Mutations and minority variants, relative to vaccine strains, not known to affect attenuation were de…

Co-circulation of three pathogenic hantaviruses: Puumala, Dobrava, and Saaremaa in Hungary.

Hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus (cardio)pulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. HFRS is caused by Hantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus (SEOV), Dobrava virus (DOBV), Saaremaa virus (SAAV), and Puumala virus (PUUV). Of those, only HTNV is not present in Europe. In recent years, hantaviruses, described in other parts of Europe, were also detected at various locations in Hungary. To study the genetic properties of Hungarian hantaviruses in detail, sequences of the viral S and M segments were recovered from bank voles (Myodes

Efficacy of favipiravir (T-705) and T-1106 pyrazine derivatives in phlebovirus disease models.

Several studies have reported favipiravir (T-705) to be effective in treating a number of viral diseases modeled in rodent systems. Notably, the related pyrazine derivative, T-1106, was found to be more effective than T-705 in treating yellow fever virus infection in hamsters. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that T-1106 may be more effective in treating hepatotropic Punta Toro virus (PTV, Phlebovirus) infection in rodents. In cell culture, the inhibitory concentrations of the compounds against various phleboviruses ranged from 3 to 55microM for T-705 and from 76 to 743microM for T-110…

Construction and biological characterization of artificial recombinants between a wild type flavivirus (Kunjin) and a live chimeric flavivirus vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE).

Although the theoretical concern of genetic recombination has been raised related to the use of live attenuated flavivirus vaccines [Seligman, Gould, Lancet 2004;363:2073-5], it has little foundation [e.g., Monath TP, Kanesa-Thasan N, Guirakhoo F, Pugachev K, Almond J, Lang J, et al. Vaccine 2005;23:2956-8]. To investigate biological effects of recombination between a chimeric yellow fever (YF) 17D/Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine virus (ChimeriVax-JE) and a wild-type flavivirus Kunjin (KUN-cDNA), the prM-E envelope protein genes were swapped between the two viruses, resulting in new YF 17D/…

Host range tests with Edhazardia aedis (Microsporida: Culicosporidae) against northern Nearctic mosquitoes.

Twelve species of northern Nearctic mosquitoes representing five genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Culiseta, and Psorphora) were bioassayed for susceptibility to Edhazardia aedis, an exotic, heterosporous, microsporidian parasite of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Infections were achieved in Aedes atropalpus, Aedes triseriatus, and Aedes vexans following oral ingestion of uninucleate spores obtained from patently infected Ae. aegypti larvae. The microsporidium underwent normal vegetative growth and development in each unnatural mosquito host; the only differences observed were in the …

Rearing temperature influences flavivirus vector competence of mosquitoes.

Culex annulirostris Skuse mosquitoes (Brisbane strain) were reared at 20 degrees C or 27 degrees C and the adult females were experimentally … terns were evident with previously published work on Japanese and St Louis encephalitis, dengue and yellow fever. The process appears to be reversible, i.e. increased temperature raises virus infection and transmission rates. It is concluded that, without incubation at warmer temperatures, flavivirus recovery from overwintering mosquitoes will be negatively bi …

Human genetics of susceptibility to live-attenuated viral vaccines.

Alongside the development of antibiotics, vaccination is the medical innovation with arguably the greatest impact on human health. Testament to its success is the eradication of infectious diseases, such as smallpox, that devastated human populations for almost 4000 years. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAV), which retain the capacity for infection and replication, were the first to be developed and remain highly efficacious, underpinning successful human vaccination campaigns (e.g. polio virus, measles virus, yellow fever virus). The cost of this success is the capacity of LAVs to cause disease in…

Global trends of pandemic-prone and epidemic-prone disease outbreaks in 2024.

During 2024, the number of pandemic-prone and epidemic-prone disease outbreaks worldwide was estimated at 301. The data highlight a shift in disease outbreak patterns, with a decline in the number of countries reporting public health events of concern linked to COVID-19 and a rise in those reporting outbreaks of viral diseases transmitted by vectors.About 90% of the outbreaks in 2024 were associated with COVID-19, dengue, yellow fever, Oropouche virus disease and influenza (linked to identified zoonotic or pandemic influenza virus). Although disease outbreaks can affect any country anywhere, t…

Molecular Mechanisms of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Viral Infection.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection is a phenomenon observed during secondary infection caused by some viruses (primarily, from the Flaviviridae family), including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and some others. There are two types of ADE mediated by (i) Fc receptors and (ii) receptors for complement system components. The first type involves 4 types of Fc receptors for IgG molecules (FcRI, FcRIIa, FcRIIb, and FcRIIIa) which ensure the binding of the virus-antibody complex to the target cell and it…

Phylogeographic Characterization of Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Algeria.

PURPOSE: Aedes albopictus, known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is an extensively studied mosquito species recognized for its rapid global expansion and its capacity to transmit a range of viruses such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. In 2010, Ae. albopictus was observed for the first time in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria, and since then has colonized all the northern part of the country until the semi-arid areas. The present study was devoted to the molecular characterization of Ae. albopictus in Algeria. METHODS: A total of 20 selected mosquitos,originated from collected eggs in …

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in an adult presenting with typical imaging findings and distinctive cerebrospinal fluid characteristics: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is a rare, clinically distinct subgroup of acute encephalopathy, which may be a complication of coronavirus disease 2019. CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old male of Han Chinese with a yellow complexion presented with fever, psychological and behavioral abnormalities, seizures, and coma. Cerebrospinal fluid tests indicated leukocytosis, high protein concentrations, and significantly elevated levels of neuron-specific enolase, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed restricted diffusion in the bilateral thal

Use of ProMED as a Surveillance System for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases in Brazil from 2015 to 2020.

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have been frequently reported in Brazil. The Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED) … n animals were the second most prevalent (n = 35), and encompassed 18 kinds of events, particularly yellow fever in non-human primates, rabies in different mammals, and sporotrichosis in felines. Six (2.7%) reports were related to humans and animals, while two (0.9%) were related to plants or the environment. Most reports were from Southeast and Northeast regi …

Activation of the G protein-coupled sulfakinin receptor inhibits blood meal intake in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Little is known about the blood-feeding physiology of arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti although this type of mosquito is known to transmit infectious diseases dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya. Blood feeding in the female A. aegypti mosquito is essential for egg maturation and for transmission of disease agents between human subjects. Here, we identify the A. aegypti sulfakinin receptor gene SKR from the A. aegypti genome and show that SKR is expressed at different developmental stages and in varied anatomical localizations in the adult mosquito (at three days after eclosion), with par…

Thermal infrared directs host-seeking behaviour in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Mosquito-borne diseases affect hundreds of millions of people annually and disproportionately impact the developing world1,2. One mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, is a primary vector of viruses that cause dengue, yellow fever and Zika. The attraction of Ae. aegypti female mosquitos to humans requires integrating multiple cues, including CO2 from breath, organic odours from skin and visual cues, all sensed at mid and long ranges, and other cues sensed at very close range3-6. Here we identify a cue that Ae. aegypti use as part of their sensory arsenal to find humans. We demonstrate that Ae. aegy…

Abrupt demographic change affects projected population size: Implications for an endangered species in a protected area.

Understanding how demographic parameters change with density is essential for predicting the resilience of small populations. We use long-te … ing the abrupt change. Although the abrupt decline coincided with the end of a 2-year drought and a yellow fever outbreak, we found no statistical effects of climate or disease on the continued population decline after 2016. However, the lower projected carrying capacity for muriquis is consistent with reduced forest productivity and increased predator pressur …

Development of a quantitative NS1 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Zika virus detection using a novel virus-specific mAb.

Viruses from the Flaviviridae family, such as Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are notorious global public health problems. ZIKV emergence in Polynesia and the Americas from 2013 to 2016 raised concerns as new distinguishing features set it apart from previous outbreaks, including its association with neurological complications and heightened disease severity. Virus detection is impaired as cross-reactivity to other closely related orthoflaviviruses is common among commercially available diagnostic kits. While non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has been used as …

Молекулярное взаимодействие между вирусом и приводом и метаболическая модуляция: стратегии, направленные на подавление патогенеза флавивируса.

Флавивирусы, которые включают в себя такие вредоносные патогены во всем мире, как вирус Западного Нила, вирус желтой лихорадки, вирус Зики, японский энцефалит и вирус денге, вносят значительный вклад в инфекцию человека. Несмотря на продолжающееся появление и возрождение патогенеза, пропитанного ароматом, отсутствие конкретных вариантов лечения по-прежнему представляет собой проблему в деле профилактики и лечения флавирных инфекций. С помощью сложных процессов синтеза, транскрипции, репликации и созревания сложное взаимодействие вирусного и хост-метаболического взаимодействия влияет на патофиз

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Flaviviruses, which include globally impactful pathogens, such as West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dengue virus, contribute significantly to human infections. Despite the ongoing emergence and resurgence of flavivirus-mediated pathogenesis, the absence of specific therapeutic options remains a challenge in the…

Vaccination coverage and abandonment among children under two years old in Brazil: a time-series study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the vaccination coverage and abandonment rates among children under two years old in Brazil, from 2015 to 2021. METHO … tionary or decreasing for all the immunobiologicals in all Brazilian regions, with the exception of yellow fever in the South and Southeast regions. There was an increase in the abandonment rate trend for the Meningococcal C vaccine in the country and, specifically in relation to the regions, for BCG in the North, Northeast, and Midwest and for Meningococcal C …

Broad-Spectrum Anti-Flavivirus Activity and Chemistry of Compounds Containing Sulfur and Oxygen Chalcogens.

Sulfur and oxygen containing-compounds are a relevant class of derivatives that is constantly growing due to their wide range of pharmacological activity, including the antiviral one. As proof of this, there are several FDA approved antiviral compounds having sulfur and oxygen in their structures. Among RNA viruses, the flavivirus genus (e.g. Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever and Zika viruses) holds a relevant place within zoonotic pathogens and thus flavivirus infections are considered a growing risk for the public health. As a consequence, the drug discovery process aimed at identify new anti-…

Expanded profiling of Remdesivir as a broad-spectrum antiviral and low potential for interaction with other medications in vitro.

Remdesivir (GS-5734; VEKLURY) is a single diastereomer monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analog (GS-441524). Remdesivir is taken u … says, we show that remdesivir can inhibit infection of flaviviruses (such as dengue 1-4, West Nile, yellow fever, Zika viruses), picornaviruses (such as enterovirus and rhinovirus), and filoviruses (such as various Ebola, Marburg, and Sudan virus isolates, including novel geographic isolates), but is ineffective or is significantly less effective against ortho …