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Окисляющий/нетрозирующий стресс, апоптоз и сигнализация " Redox " : основные игроки в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой серьезную проблему для здоровья, которая оказывает глубокое воздействие на качество и продолжительность жизни миллионов людей. Эти заболевания характеризуются патологическими изменениями в различных областях мозга, конкретными генетическими мутациями, связанными с болезнью, залежами аномальных белков и дегенерацией неврологических клеток. Поскольку нейродегенеративные расстройства различаются по своим эпидемиологическим характеристикам и степени уязвимости нейронов, лечение этих заболеваний обычно направлено на замедление развития заболеваний.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurodegenerative diseases are significant health concerns that have a profound impact on the quality and duration of life for millions of i … s of these diseases may allow the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies. Oxidative and nitrosative stress damages membrane components by accumulating ROS and RNS and disrupting redox balance. This process results in the induction of apoptosis, which is important in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases through oxidative stress. Studies conducte …

Changes in Cortisol and in Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Indicators after ADHD Treatment.

Although ADHD is one of the most prevalent diseases during childhood, we still do not know its precise origin; oxidative/nitrosative stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are suggested contributors. Methylphenidate, among others, is the main drug used in ADHD patients, but its effects on relevant markers and structures remain unclear. This study, involving 59 patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria, aimed to assess changes in cortisol levels (using cortisol awakening response, CAR) and oxidative/nitrosative status with the treatment. Blood samples before and 3 mon…

Transcriptional analysis of oxidative and nitrosative stress on oral opportunistic Candida albicans.

The yeast Candida albicans is one of the most aggressive opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients. The ability of the yeast to withstand stresses and radicals is of great concern. In the present study, four isolates of C. albicans were taken from patients with oral candidiasis and grown on RPMI for 24 hours at 37°C. Then, they were exposed to various concentrations of oxidative (H2O2) and nitrosative (HNO3) stress for two hours, and gene expression rates were measured through RT-PCR. After initial biofilm formation steps and growth validation, RNA extracted from the yeast and gene

H2S contributed from CSE during cellular senescence suppresses inflammation and nitrosative stress.

Aging involves the time-dependent deterioration of physiological functions attributed to various intracellular and extracellular factors. Ce … of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). H2S was also found to reduce NO levels, a significant source of nitrosative stress during cellular senescence. Overall, we establish H2S as a key gasotransmitter molecule that regulates inflammatory phenotype and nitrosative stress during cellular senescence.

The Staphylococcus aureus α-Acetolactate Synthase ALS Confers Resistance to Nitrosative Stress.

Staphylococcus aureus is a worldwide pathogen that colonizes the human nasal cavity and is a major cause of respiratory and cutaneous infections. In the nasal cavity, S. aureus thrives with high concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the innate immune effectors and has available for growth slow-metabolizing free hexoses, such as galactose. Here, we have used deep sequencing transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) and 1H-NMR to uncover how S. aureus grown on galactose, a major carbon source present in the nasopharynx, survives the deleterious action of NO. We observed that, like on glucose,

Nitrosative stress with HIV dementia causes decreased L-prostaglandin D synthase activity.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders is increasing as HIV-infected individuals are living longer. The clini … cation of this protein resulted in loss of its enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS: There is increased nitrosative stress in CSF of HIV-infected patients with active dementia and in patients with a history of IV drug use, measurement of which may serve as a surrogate marker for these patients. Nitrosative stress may also have important functional consequences and may i …

Nitrosative stress in the bronchial mucosa of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: Reactive nitrogen species, formed via the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide anion and via (myelo)peroxidase-dependent oxidation of NO(2)(-), have potent proinflammatory and oxidizing actions. Reactive nitrogen species formation and nitrosative stress are potentially involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of markers of nitrosative stress, including nitrotyrosine (NT), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and xanthine oxidase (XO) in bronchial biopsie…

Protective effect of taurine against nitrosative stress in the stomach of rat with water immersion restraint stress.

In the present study, we examined by immunohistochemistry the formation and distribution of 8-nitroguanine, a sensitive marker of nitrosative DNA damage, in rat stomach of rats subjected to water immersion restraint stress (WIR). WIR induced an increase in 8-nitroguanine content of gastric gland epithelium. 8-Nitroguanine immunoreactivity, which was observed mainly in the nuclei of stomach epithelium, increased with the severity of inflammation. Expression of iNOS was also observed in the inflammatory cells of lamina propria. Therefore, it is logical that iNOS-mediated nitrosative stress must …

The critical role of hcpR in regulating nitrosative stress defense in Clostridioides difficile.

Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic, toxin-producing pathogen that colonizes the host gastrointestinal tract. Within this hostile environment, the bacterium encounters stressors such as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which impose nitrosative stress that must be mitigated for survival. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which C. difficile defends against nitrosative stress. We screened an unordered transposon mutant library of the epidemic strain R20291 using a nitric oxide (NO) donor and identified a nitrosative stress-sensitive mutant with an inactivated hcpR, a …

[The role of oxidative/nitrosative stress in pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced toxic hepatitis].

INTRODUCTION: Paracetamol is an effective analgesic/antipyretic drug when used at therapeutic doses. However, the overdose of paracetamol can cause severe liver injury and liver necrosis. The mechanism of paracetamol-induced liver injury is still not completely understood. Reactive metabolite formation, depletion of glutathione and alkylation of proteins are the triggers of inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, adenosine triphosphate depletion and mitochondrial oxidant stress leading to hepatocellular necrosis. ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER INJURY: The importance of

Induction of heme oxygenase 1 by nitrosative stress. A role for nitroxyl anion.

Nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols modulate a variety of important physiological activities. In vascular cells, agents that release NO and don … mechanisms involving NO and extend our knowledge on the biological function of HO-1 in response to nitrosative stress.

Mechanisms of cell death governed by the balance between nitrosative and oxidative stress.

Many cellular functions in physiology are regulated by the direct interaction of NO with target biomolecules. In many pathophysiologic and toxicologic mechanisms, NO first reacts with oxygen, superoxide or other nitrogen oxides to subsequently elicit indirect effects. The balance between nitrosative stress and oxidative stress within a specific biological compartment can determine whether the presence of NO will be ultimately deleterious or beneficial. Nitrosative stress can be defined primarily through reactions mediated by N2O3, a reactive nitrogen oxide species generated by high fluxes of N…

Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Brain Involvement in Sepsis: A Relationship Supported by Immunohistochemistry.

Background and Objectives: A large amount of recent evidence suggests that cellular inability to consume oxygen could play a notable part in promoting sepsis as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The latter could, in fact, represent a fundamental stage in the evolution of the "natural history" of sepsis. Following a study previously conducted by the same working group on heart samples, the present research project aims to evaluate, through an immunohistochemical study, the existence and/or extent of oxidative stress in the brains of subjects who died due to sepsis

Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Lung Diseases of Increasing Severity.

The imbalance between increased oxidative agents and antioxidant defence mechanisms is central in the pathogenesis of obstructive lung disea … rosine - are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage of severe asthmatics. Targeting the oxidative, nitrosative stress and associated lung inflammation through the use of either denitration mechanisms or new drug delivery strategies for antioxidant administration could improve the treatment of these chronic disabling obstructive lung diseases.

Antioxidants and their effect on the oxidative/nitrosative stress of frozen-thawed boar sperm.

In swine, the use of frozen-thawed boar sperm for artificial insemination remains a suboptimal reproductive technology. Among the negative effects of cryopreservation on sperm cells, it is worth highlighting that cryopreservation causes irreversible alterations in motility and components of the sperm membrane as a result of dramatic changes in temperature (cooling/freezing curve) and osmolality. In addition, freeze-thawing may induce oxidative stress and increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen reactive species (RNS). While boar sperm cryopreservation has been repo

Nitrosative Stress Is Associated with Dopaminergic Dysfunction in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat.

Advances in antiretroviral therapy have resulted in significantly decreased HIV-related mortality. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, … ld rats support dopaminergic involvement. We conclude that the HIV-1 Tg rat brain shows evidence of nitrosative stress without appropriate oxidation-reduction adaptation, whereas 3-NT modification of striatal neurofilament proteins likely points to the ensuing dopaminergic neuronal loss and dysfunction in the aging HIV-1 Tg rat.

Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress as Well as the Tryptophan Catabolites Pathway in Depressive Disorders.

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as the tryptophan catabolites pathway in the development of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs, based on the available literature. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 350 million people worldwide suffer from depression. The pathogenesis of depressive disorders has not been fully explained yet and several causes of this disease have been suggested. There is evidence for the involvement of several interconnected biochemical pathways, including oxidativ…

Mitochondrial DNA acquires immunogenicity on exposure to nitrosative stress in patients with vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a common pigmentary skin disorder of unknown etiology. Many studies show the defective mitochondrial functionality in vitiligo patients, but the potential role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the pathogenesis of vitiligo remains to be investigated. Recent evidences demonstrate that mitochondria possess their own nitric-oxide-synthase and can produce endogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). This study was undertaken to investigate the role of ONOO(-)-modified-mitochondrial-DNA (ONOO(-)-mtDNA) in vitiligo autoimmunity. Our data revealed that ONOO(-)-induced modifications in mtDNA caused s

The nitrosative stress response of Staphylococcus aureus is required for resistance to innate immunity.

Staphylococcus aureus is a highly virulent human pathogen with an extensive array of strategies to subvert the innate immune response. An important aspect of innate immunity is the production of the nitrogen monoxide radical (Nitric Oxide, NO.). Here we describe an adaptive response to nitrosative stress that allows S. aureus to replicate at high concentrations of NO.. Microarray analysis revealed 84 staphylococcal genes with significantly altered expression following NO. exposure. Of these, 30 are involved with iron-homeostasis, potentially under the control of the Fur regulator. Another seve…