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Di-p-Coumaroyl Spermidine From Bee Pollen Alleviates Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis.

Bee pollen and its extracts have been used for decades as therapeutic agents or health food supplements to alleviate chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP). However, the functional compounds in bee pollen that are anti-CNP remain still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-CNP properties of six principal phenolamides in bee pollen. Our results provide compelling evidence that the anti-CNP property of bee pollen may be ascribed to its abundance of phenolamides. Particularly, di-p-Coumaroyl spermidine can alleviate CNP by upregulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and reg…

Spermidine enhances the survival of Streptococcus pyogenes M3 under oxidative stress.

Streptococcus pyogenes, a host-restricted gram-positive pathogen during infection, initially adheres to the epithelia of the nasopharynx and … ganism, we report that its survival within the macrophages and H2 O2 is enhanced by the presence of spermidine. The increased survival can be attributed to the upregulation of oxidative stress response genes such as sodM, npx, and mtsABC. In addition, spermidine influences the upregulation of virulence factors such as sagA, slo, and hasA. Also, spermidine le …

JSJ-1, an anti-spermidine monoclonal antibody with potential clinical applications.

Polyamines have been implicated in a wide variety of functions including nucleic acid synthesis and protein synthesis. Their levels have been shown to increase in response to cell growth and differentiation. Use of polyamines as prognostic indicators of proliferative disease conditions has been hindered by the lack of suitable rapid and sensitive assays. We report the characterization of an anti-spermidine antibody, JSJ-1, with novel putrescine cross reactivity. JSJ-1 cross-reacts more strongly with putrescine (11%) than with spermine (6%). This suggests that the aminobutyl group common to bot…

Spermidine requirement for Bacillus thuringiensis ribosomes in cell-free phenylalanine incorporation.

A cell-free system from Bacillus thuringiensis was found to actively incorporate phenylalanine into hot trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material in the presence of synthetic polynucleotide, ribosomes, S-100 supernatant, an energy-generating system, and guanosine triphosphate. Phenylalanine incorporation was absolutely dependent on the presence of spermidine in addition to magnesium ions, even when highly purified ribosomes were used. The spermidine effect could not be attributed to inhibition of nucleases. The ribosomal and supernatant fractions from Escherichia coli and B. thuringiensis cou…

Functional and Biochemical Characterization of Spermidine Synthase CauSpe3 from Candidozyma auris.

Polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are essential polycationic metabolites present in all eukaryotic cells, where they regulate fundamental processes including nucleic acid stabilization, translation, and stress responses. Spermidine synthase (SPDS), a member of the aminopropyltransferase (APT) family, catalyzes the transfer of an aminopropyl group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dc-SAM) to putrescine to form spermidine. Although genomic analyses predict the presence of SPDS homologs in multiple fungal species, polyamine biosynthesis has not been experimentally character…

Spermidine in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Animal Models and Human Studies.

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine involved in multiple cellular processes, including growth regulation, protein translation, and autophagy. Increasing attention has been devoted to its potential neuroprotective effects, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, and progressive neuronal loss. In this narrative review, we examine potential mechanisms through which spermidine may influence AD pathophysiology and summarize available preclinical and clinical evidence. Precl…

Astrocytic spermidine insufficiency contributes to enhanced pain sensitivity associated with ApoE4.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition with limited effective treatments, closely associated with astrocytes and their role in central sens … ssion of ApoE4, achieved through Cre-mediated recombination. Metabolomic profiling revealed reduced spermidine levels in the spinal dorsal horn of ApoE4-TR mice relative to ApoE3-TR mice. Daily gavage administration of spermidine alleviated mechanical pain to a comparable level in ApoE3-TR and ApoE4-TR mice, as assessed by von Frey test. However, lower dose …

Topical Spermidine Hyaluronate (Spd-HA) in Vulvovaginal Atrophy: A Preliminary Study.

Background and Objectives: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), previously termed vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), is a prevalent hypoestrogenic condition characterized by genital, sexual, and urinary symptoms. Although hormonal therapies are effective, many women are unwilling or unsuitable to use them. Spermidine hyaluronate (Spd-HA) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of vulvodynia and is currently under investigation for stress urinary incontinence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Spd-HA gel on the signs and symptoms of GSM. Materials and Methods: Five…

Spermidine rejuvenates T lymphocytes and restores anticancer immunosurveillance in aged mice.

Writing in Science, Al Habsi et al. show that spermidine boosts the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-L1 in aged tumor-bearing mice by enhancing fatty acid oxidation in CD8 T cells. These results open new therapeutic avenues to improve the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapies in aged patients.

Agmatine as the initiating substrate for aspartate semialdehyde-dependent bacterial spermidine biosynthesis.

Putrescine has long been considered the initiating substrate for aspartate semialdehyde-dependent bacterial spermidine biosynthesis. However, two recent studies identified a variant pathway in which agmatine serves as the preferred substrate. This variation appears to be common, but the mechanistic basis for substrate preference was unknown. Here, we investigate the aspartate semialdehyde-dependent dehydrogenases from Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium leptum using steady-state and transient-state kinetic assays, mass spectrometry, thermal shift protein stability assays, X-ray crystallograph…

Arginine downstream metabolites spermidine and putrescine, but not spermine, contribute to PCV2 replication.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a major pathogen of PCV2-associated diseases, causes immense economic losses. Understanding the cellular metabolic reprogramming induced by viruses provides novel clues for screening antiviral drugs. However, until now, no reports have described the cellular metabolic profile during PCV2 infection. In this study, we performed untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic analysis of PCV2-infected PK-15 cells, and found that PCV2 infection upregulated significantly arginine and its metabolite spermidine. Further, we found that arginine …

Spermidine Supplementation Reduces Genetic Damage in the Liver and Bone Marrow of Rodents.

Mutations in DNA constitute the initial step in the process of carcinogenesis. While diets high in sugar increase the risk of various diseases, a balanced diet rich in bioactive compounds can mitigate DNA damage. Spermidine (SPD) is a polyamine with reported effects on autophagy induction, inflammation reduction, and the enhancement of immune function. Within this context, we investigated the effects of SPD supplementation [10 and 30 mg/kg body weight (bw)] in male Swiss mice over a period of 44 days. The animals were divided into two groups: one fed a standard diet (SDNuvilab CR1), and the o…

Association of serum spermidine level with vascular calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Vascular calcification (VC) is a major predictor of mortality in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD), yet reliable tools for early risk stratification remain limited. We investigated whether serum spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine, is associated with VC in PD patients and developed an exploratory model incorporating spermidine and routine clinical variables. In a cohort of 193 PD patients, VC (n = 51) was assessed by abdominal X-ray. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VC, and least absolute shrinkage and…

Mitochondrial Spermidine Synthase is Essential for Blood-stage growth of the Malaria Parasite.

Positively-charged polyamines are essential molecules for the replication of eukaryotic cells and are particularly important for the rapid proliferation of parasitic protozoa and cancer cells. Unlike in Trypanosoma brucei, the inhibition of the synthesis of intermediate polyamine Putrescine caused only partial defect in malaria parasite blood-stage growth. In contrast, reducing the intracellular concentrations of Spermidine and Spermine by polyamine analogs caused significant defects in blood-stage growth in Plasmodium yoelii and P. falciparum. However, little is known about the synthesizing e…

Spermine и Spermidine Alter Gene Expression and Antgenic Profile of Borrelia burdorferi.

Борелия Бурдорфери, агент болезни Лайма, реагирует на многочисленные сигналы, полученные носителями, чтобы изменить адаптационную способность во время своего энзоотического цикла в векторе артропода и в носителе млекопитающих. Молекулярные механизмы, позволяющие B. burgdorferi обнаруживать, передавать и реагировать на эти сигналы, стали предметом интенсивного изучения при разработке стратегий ограничения передачи/инфекции. Биоинформатический анализ борельского генома показал наличие компонентов полиаминового переноса (пота, потБ, потК и потД), в то время как гомологи полиаминного биосинтеза яв

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, responds to numerous host-derived signals to alter adaptive capabilities during its enzooti … in B. burgdorferi Among several polyamines and polyamine precursors, supplementation of spermine or spermidine in the borrelial growth medium induced synthesis of major regulators of gene expression in B. burgdorferi, such as RpoS and BosR, with a concomitant increase in proteins that contribute to colonization and survival of B. burgdorferi in the mammalian …

Acute and subacute toxicity of tyramine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine in rats.

The acute and subacute toxicity of five biogenic amines-tyramine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine-were examined in Wistar rats. Tyramine and cadaverine had a low acute oral toxicity of more than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Putrescine had an acute oral toxicity of 2000 mg/kg body weight and spermidine and spermine each of 600 mg/kg body weight. All amines investigated caused a dose-related decrease in blood pressure after intravenous administration, except for tyramine, where an increase was found. In 6-wk studies the biogenic amines were administered in the diet to groups of 10 mal…

Spermidine, a chondrocyte apoptotic metabolite, delays osteoarthritis by regulating macrophage M2c polarization.

BACKGROUND: Chondrocyte apoptosis and synovial macrophage polarization represent two key pathological hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA), but … o identify key metabolites and their regulatory mechanisms. A sustained-release delivery system for spermidine (SPD) was constructed using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and sodium hyaluronate. RESULTS: Apoptotic chondrocytes increased the secretion of SPD in the metabolite secretome. SPD acts as a signaling metabolite to increase AMPKα activation in macrophage …

Spermidine and melatonin ameliorate heat stress-induced decline in sheep semen quality.

Heat stress impairs reproductive performance in sheep through endocrine disruption and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the protective effects of spermidine (SPD) and melatonin (MT) supplementation on semen quality in Dorper rams during summer. Twenty-four rams were randomly assigned to a control group, an SPD group (5 mg/kg, dietary supplementation), or an MT group (60 mg, subcutaneous implantation) and treated for 60 days. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was monitored throughout the experimental period. Compared with the control group, MT significantly reduced serum cortisol conce…

Spermidine enhances macrophages anti-inflammatory and regenerative functions by improving mitochondrial fitness.

BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis is an aberrant wound-healing process in response to chronic hepatic injury. Functional plasticity of macrophages is crucial in this pathological process. How the pro-fibrotic function of macrophages is sustained metabolically and whether it can be targeted for therapy remain to be explored. PURPOSE: This study investigates the impact of spermidine, a natural polyamine, on macrophage function and its potential in treating hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: Chronic liver disease datasets and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were analyzed for the characteristics of…