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Effectiveness of tailored public health messages for vulnerable populations: A randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the impact of 'who' delivers a health message (general practitioner or community representative), and the 'visual stimulus' (animation or talking head) used on influencing attitudes toward safe behaviours in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, across six vulnerable population subgroups STUDY DESIGN: A 'helix' randomised controlled trial with 2x2 factorial design. METHODS: Participants (40 per subgroup) were randomly allocated within their subgroup to an intervention sequence. They completed a factorial, counter-balanced allocation of four interven

Community Health Impacts of Pesticide Exposure: Pathways, Vulnerable Populations, and Public Health Responses.

Pesticide use remains important in modern agriculture, vector control, and household pest management. However, exposure to pesticide active ingredients and residues remains a persistent public health concern. In addition to active ingredients, people may also be exposed to other constituents of commercial pesticide formulations, such as adjuvants and solvents, which can influence overall toxicity and health outcomes. These exposures may occur among direct applicators and may also affect other populations through contaminated air, water, soil, food, clothing, and household surfaces. This narrat

Advances in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma with an Eye on Disparities and Vulnerable Populations.

Advances in pediatric and adolescent young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), including the incorporation of targeted therapy and immunotherapy have resulted in excellent cure rates with survival greater than 90%, including patients with advanced stage disease. Current trials seek to maintain excellent survival while reducing acute and long-term toxicities. Despite these successes, vulnerable patient populations, including Black, Hispanic, and adolescent young adult patients, continue to have inferior outcomes. This article reviews recent therapeutic advances in HL, summarizes therapeutic gaps, and

Designing Supportive Dashboards for Crisis Response to Protect Vulnerable Populations: A Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed both direct and collateral health impacts especially on vulnerable populations, underscoring the need for more targeted and equitable crisis response strategies. Health-related dashboards could support better information sharing, research, and care delivery, but current dashboards often fail to address the needs of vulnerable groups. This study aimed to assess expert perspectives on key aspects of a new crisis response health dashboard to protect vulnerable populations intended to be used by medical professionals and affected persons. METHODS: A pro…

Extreme Weather, Vulnerable Populations, and Mental Health: The Timely Role of AI Interventions.

Environmental disasters are becoming increasingly frequent and severe, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations who face compounded risks due to intersectional factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, rural residence, and cultural identity. These events exacerbate mental health challenges, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and underserved areas of high-income countries (HICs). Addressing these disparities necessitates inclusive, culturally competent, intersectional, and cost-effecti…

Potential Use of ChatGPT for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases in Vulnerable Populations.

BACKGROUND: ChatGPT could be a useful tool in the infectious disease field. However, the application of ChatGPT for the treatment of infectious diseases in vulnerable population has not been determined. METHODS: We designed questions about antibiotic use, including the choice of antibiotics, dose, and treatment duration for prevalent infectious disease in vulnerable populations. Each query was posed to ChatGPT-4, and the answers were independently evaluated by two authors. When there were significant differences in the final scores between the two authors, they discussed the case and answers …

Mental Health Impacts of Climate Change Among Vulnerable Populations Globally: An Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND: Climate change has been shown to be directly linked to multiple physiological sequelae and to impact health consequences. However, the impact of climate change on mental health globally, particularly among vulnerable populations, is less well understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mental health impacts of climate change in vulnerable populations globally. METHODS: We performed an integrative literature review to identify published articles that addressed the research question: What are the mental health impacts of climate change among vulnerable populations globally? The Vulnerabl…

Identifying vulnerable populations with symptomatic cholelithiasis at risk for increased health care utilization.

BACKGROUND: Gallstones are a common problem in the United States with many patients suffering from symptomatic cholelithiasis (SC). Patients with SC may first present to the emergency department ED) and are often discharged for elective follow-up; however, it is unknown what system and patient factors are associated with increased risk for ED revisits. This study aimed to assess longitudinal ED utilization and cholecystectomy for patients with SC and identify patient, geographic, and hospital characteristics associated with ED revisits, specifically race/ethnicity and insurance status. METHOD

Psychosocial risk factors in disordered gambling: A descriptive systematic overview of vulnerable populations.

BACKGROUND: Gambling is a behaviour engaged in by millions of people worldwide; for some, gambling can become a severely maladaptive behaviour, and previous research has identified a wide range of psychosocial risk factors that can be considered important for the development and maintenance of disordered gambling. Although risk factors have been identified, the homogeneity of risk factors across specific groups thought to be vulnerable to disordered gambling is to date, unexplored. METHODS: To address this, the current review sought to conduct a systematic overview of literature relating to s

Hepatitis C Point-of-Care Testing in Vulnerable Populations: A Human Factors Study.

One third of all hepatitis C virus (HCV) cases in the United States are incarcerated in jails and prisons. Hepatitis C virus testing is primarily accomplished through a clinical laboratory, yet point-of-care (POC) testing is less invasive and results are available in 20 minutes compared with up to 3 weeks. The purpose of this article was to describe the findings of a collaborative project between the Colleges of Engineering and Nursing at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in executing a human factors study for HCV antibody testing and screening. Observation and recording of three-step hu

Lack of Primary Care Continuity Predicts Readmission Risk Among Socially Vulnerable Trauma Populations.

IntroductionEarly unplanned trauma readmission (UR-30) is not well-understood. Social vulnerability indices (SVIs) and primary care access were postulated as contributing factors to discharge outcomes.MethodsRetrospective propensity-matched analysis at a Level I Trauma Center compared readmitted patients (UR-30, n = 85) to those without (NoReadmission-30, n = 85). Established PCP relationship and five social vulnerability indices (SVIs) were evaluated.Results170 total patients had average age 56.6, 71.8% male, and 95.3% Caucasian. Average ISS = 9. Average LOS was 6.44 ± 6.71 days. LOS was long

Clinical Outcomes and Healthcare Resource Utilization of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam in Vulnerable Patient Populations.

Background: AMR is a public health concern which leads to high global morbidity and mortality. Immunocompromised patients, who are more susceptible to contracting potentially life-threatening infections, are faced with reduced treatment options due to emerging AMR. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor which displays effectiveness against resistant Gram-negative infections. Methods: SPECTRA was a multinational, observational study conducted in seven countries including 617 patients who received ≥48 h of ceftolozane/tazobactam. Medical-record data were collected up to

Suicide prevention in primary health care among socially vulnerable populations: a narrative review.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide remains a major public health challenge worldwide, particularly among socially vulnerable populations who experience disproportionate exposure to social determinants associated with suicide risk and barriers to mental healthcare. Primary health care (PHC) is often the first point of contact with healthcare services and therefore plays a critical role in suicide prevention. METHODS: This narrative review was conducted according to the SANRA guidelines. A structured literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to identify evidence on suicid…

Передвигающиеся горы: улучшение доступа к автономной стволовой клеточной трансплантации для уязвимых пациентов

Фон: Множественная миелома (ММ) остается наиболее распространенным показателем для Трансплантации автономной стволовой клетки (ASCT). Взрослые лица старшего возраста, чернокожие пациенты с MM, а также лица, проживающие в сельской местности и имеющие низкий социально-экономический статус (SES), в непропорционально меньшей степени употребляют ASCT. Низкий уровень использования АОПП связан с плохими результатами. Существует множество препятствий на пути доступа к АКПТ и ограниченность мер вмешательства для решения различных проблем у пациентов с ММ. Методы: Это исследование является неоднозначным

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… Differential access to transplant adversely impacts the outcomes of MM in these vulnerable populations. As such, we conducted a single-institution ambispective study to identify barriers to ASCT utilization among vulnerable populations with MM and to improve their access to ASCT. … This is particularly true among older adults, socioeconomically vulnerable populations, and patients residing far from transplant centers. …

Beyond borders and blockades: human trafficking risks among vulnerable Palestinian populations under occupation.

This article explores the nexus between political occupation, economic marginalization, and the risk of human trafficking in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). It argues that the ongoing Israeli occupation and blockade, particularly of Gaza and Area C of the West Bank, have entrenched structural vulnerabilities that increase exposure to exploitation and trafficking, most significantly of women, children, and unregistered workers. The catastrophic escalation following October 7, 2023, has intensified these vulnerabilities to unprecedented levels, creating an acute humanitarian crisis tha

Trauma Activation Touchpoints as an Opportunity to Detect Undiagnosed Comorbidities in Vulnerable Populations.

BACKGROUND: Many trauma patients have undiagnosed comorbidities. We hypothesized that among nonprivately insured patients, those with undiagnosed comorbidities have quantifiable metrics at the time of trauma activation (TA) associated with such diagnoses. OBJECTIVES: 1) To identify quantifiable metrics at TA that indicate the presence of undiagnosed comorbidities. 2) To evaluate the relationship between early clinical indicators at TA and the likelihood of receiving a new diagnosis within one year. METHODS: We reviewed the first 250 patients at our level 1 trauma center in 2021 and collected

Healthy Life Habits in Caregivers of Children in Vulnerable Populations: A Cluster Analysis.

Intervention programs aimed at mitigating the effects of chronic noncommunicable disease (CNDs) focus on promoting healthy lifestyle habits (HLH), especially in the early stages of life. Because of this, different typologies of caregivers have been identified according to HLH during middle childhood and adolescence. However, the available studies have focused on aspects such as nutrition, physical activity, and rest, ignoring other HLHs that are equally important for children's well-being. Likewise, few studies address HLH during the first five years of life and how caregivers affect children'

Home-based Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Leveraging Prehospital Resources for Vulnerable Populations.

INTRODUCTION: Expanded testing for SARS-CoV-2 is critical to characterizing the extent of community spread of COVID-19 and to identifying infectious cohorts. Unfortunately, current facility-based testing compounds shortcomings in testing availability, neglecting those who are frail or physically unable to travel to a testing facility. METHODS: We developed an emergency medical service (EMS)-based home testing and evaluation program, leveraging existing community EMS resources. This program has kept vulnerable populations out of the emergency department, reduced cost, and improved access to ca…