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Neuropathological studies in the brains of AIDS patients with opportunistic diseases.

The brains of 70 fatal cases with AIDS were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization in a consecutive autopsy series (1985-July 1992). In addition, the neuropathological changes were correlated with the neurological and neuroimaging findings. Opportunistic infections included toxoplasmosis (15 cases), cytomegalovirus (CMV)-encephalitis (6), progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (2) and fungal infections (3). Malignant lymphomas were found in 7 patients; 6 involved primarily the CNS, one was metastatic. In 14 cases the neuropathological changes were consistent wit

Shape Profile of Corpus Callosum As a Signature to Phenotype Different Dementia.

Background  Phenotyping dementia is always a complex task for a clinician. There is a need for more practical biomarkers to aid clinicians. Objective  The aim of the study is to investigate the shape profile of corpus callosum (CC) in different phenotypes of dementia. Materials and Methods  Our study included patients who underwent neuroimaging in our facility as a part of clinical evaluation for dementia referred from Geriatric Clinic (2017-2018). We have analyzed the shape of CC and interpreted the finding using a seven-segment division. Results  The sample included MPRAGE images of Alzheime

Clinical complications of HIV infection.

HIV infection results in a profound weakening of the immune system that leaves the patient vulnerable to a bewildering array of clinical complications. Understanding of the pathogenesis of these clinical complications, knowledge of the current stage and treatment of HIV infection, and recognition of certain clinical syndromes can help the clinician sort through these potential complications, prioritize them, and formulate a plan for diagnosis and treatment. This article provides a summary of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the most common complications of HIV

The neurology of HIV infection--a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The nervous system is widely involved in the course of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The manifestation … The major neurological manifestations of HIV infection are toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, AIDS dementia complex, primary lymphoma, tuberculosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, herpes zoster, Bells palsy, peripheral neuropathy, and vacuolar myelopathy. The overall effect of these is the acceleration of progression of the disease. About 30% of the …

Cerebral perfusion scanning in treating AIDS dementia: a pilot study.

UNLABELLED: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC) is a common effect of the AIDS virus. We studied the regional cerebral blood flow of patients with early ADC and its response to atevirdine mesylate. METHODS: Ten men with early ADC, who had failed or were intolerant to zidovudine or didanosine therapy, were treated with atevirdine mesylate for 12 wk. Cerebral perfusion SPECT using 99mTc-HMPAO was performed at Week 0 and Week 12. SPECT images were analyzed qualitatively and semiquantitatively. RESULTS: The cerebral perfusion abnormalities in early ADC were usually m

Pathogenetic role of phagocytic abnormalities in human virus immunodeficiency infection: possible therapeutical approaches. A review.

Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes/macrophages (M/M) represent the first defence line against invading microorganisms. Both phagocytic cell functions are precociously compromised in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects, thus leading to infectious and neurological complications in the late stages of disease. Among intracellular pathogens, emerging bacteria such as Bartonella henselae and Rhodococcus equi can cause peculiar clinical pictures, i.e. the bacillary parenchimal angiomatosis and a classical pyogranulomatous broncopneumonia, respectively. On the other hand, ove

Myelin degrading activity in the CSF of HIV-1-infected patients with neurological diseases.

Degradation of purified myelin basic protein (MBP) was studied by SDS gel electrophoresis after addition of CSF samples obtained from HIV-1-infected patients. An increase in MBP degradation was detected in patients with neurological complications, such as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), when compared with patients with no neurological symptoms (NA) or with other neurological opportunistic infections (OI). In the ADC and PML patients, in addition to CSF proteolytic activity, an increase in CSF-MBP levels and presence of white matter lesions were …

Cellular composition and distribution of gliomesenchymal nodules in the CNS of AIDS patients.

The pathology of AIDS encephalopathy and its relation to other CNS infections in AIDS was studied in 112 autopsies of AIDS patients and 14 of HIV-positive patients. Special interest was focused on gliomesenchymal nodules (GMNs), a common finding in encephalitis of various etiologies, and on giant cells. GMNs and giant cells were found in 40 patients. These 40 were used for the present study, they were further divided into five groups: I. 21 with AIDS encephalopathy; II. 3 with HIV infection but no AIDS; III. 8 with Toxoplasma encephalitis; IV. 7 with cytomegalovirus encephalitis; and V. 1 with

Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of the Synaptic Marker Neurogranin in Neuro-HIV and Other Neurological Disorders.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this study was to examine the synaptic biomarker neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in different stages of HIV infection and in relation to what is known about CSF neurogranin in other neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: CSF concentrations of neurogranin are increased in Alzheimer's disease, but not in other neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy body dementia. Adults with HIV-associated dementia have been found to have decreased levels of neurogranin in the frontal cortex, which at least to some e

Неврология инфекции вируса иммунодефицита человека.

ВИЧ-инфицированные пациенты подвергаются заметному повышению риска неврологической дисфункции, которая может иметь место на любом уровне нейроксиса (см. таблицу 1). Самые распространенные синдромы — синдром слабоумия СПИДа, вакулярная миэлопатия и, возможно, дистальная периферическая нейропатия — связаны с ВИЧ-инфекцией внутри нервной системы, а не с иммунной некомпетентностью, вызванной ВИЧ. Однако механизм (механизмы), с помощью которого (которых) ВИЧ вызывает эти синдромы, например непосредственное заражение нейронов или олигодендроголии, вмешательство в нейротрофические факторы, воздействи

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
HIV-infected patients are at markedly increased risk for neurological dysfunction, which may occur at any level of the neuraxis (see Table 1). The most common syndromes--AIDS dementia complex, vacuolar myelopathy, and possibly distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy--appear to be related to HIV infection within the nervous system, rather than due to the immun…

Glioblastoma, transforming growth factor-beta, and Candida meningitis: a potential link.

The development of Candida meningitis in a patient following partial resection of a glioblastoma raised suspicion that transforming growth f … s were also detected in patients with other central nervous system (CNS) diseases: malignancies and AIDS dementia complex. These findings suggest that TGF-beta may play an immunopathogenetic role in the CNS.

How to mobilise patients with dementia to a standing position.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine which intervention used to assist people with dementia from sitting to a standing position was the most effective approach to aid movement. METHOD: Focus groups were held with care and therapy staff working in dementia settings to find out the difficulties they encountered when helping someone with dementia to a standing position, and the interventions to overcome these difficulties. Suggested interventions were substantiated against the literature and efficacy of intervention attempts was recorded in a diary. Participants also completed a post-inte

[The pattern of central nervous system lesions in HIV-infected patients of the specialized unit in infectious disease hospital].

AIM: To define the incidence and features of brain lesion (BL) in HIV-infected inpatients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-eig … istinctive property of CMV ventriculoencephalitis, one of the leading factors in the development of AIDS dementia complex. Molecular diagnostic techniques are needed to ascertain the etiology of BL in HIV infection. CONCLUSION: The CSF test for DNA of causative agents is a specific and most sensitive method for diagnosing a relevant CNS lesion.

[Risk of the development of dementia after interruption of zidovudine treatment].

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic data suggest that zidovudine (ZDV) could prevent the AIDS dementia complex (ADC), but this hypothesis has been specifically studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have reviewed the medical records of all patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection admitted to our section between January 1990 and December 1993 who were diagnosed with ADC, and we have compared them to those of a control group with regard to the interruption of ZDV at least 3 months before. Controls were selected from the remaining HIV-related admissions, matched by calendar year, CD4-cell cou…

Dementia and Postoperative Delirium in Surgical Hip Fracture Patients: Unveiling Contrasting Risk Factors and Implications.

Postoperative delirium is a serious complication, particularly in older adults with hip fractures. Using the 2019 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data file, we performed multiple regression analyses to compare risk factors for postoperative delirium in hip fracture patients with and without dementia. Preoperative delirium and mobility aid use were common risk factors in both groups. However, differential effects were observed for other factors. Pathological fracture increased delirium risk in patients with dementia but had a protective effect in those

Kaposi's sarcoma and central nervous system disease: a real association or an artifact of the control group? Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) protects against four central nervous system (CNS) diseases in HIV-1-infected individuals. STUDY POPULATION AND DESIGN: The study population of 9404 subjects included participants in Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) protocols who were enrolled between September 1990 and September 1998. This was an observational study. METHODS: Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted relative risks for predictors of four central nervous system diseases. Covariates included occurrence of Kapo

The role of initial AIDS-defining illness in survival following AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of initial AIDS-defining illness in survival following AIDS and survival trends over time. DESIGN: States and Territory Health Departments notified new diagnoses of AIDS to the National AIDS Registry. Information on vital status and date of last medical contact was sought annually. METHODS: Survival was calculated for all adult and adolescent AIDS cases (n = 3204) in Australia diagnosed until 1 November 1991 and reported to the National AIDS Registry by 31 March 1994. The Cox regression method was used to identify independent predictors for survival. RESULTS:

Influence of plasma exosomes from women living with HIV Stratified by HAND on monocyte subpopulations from healthy women without HIV.

The role of plasma exosomes from people living with HIV (PLWH) with HAND in the phenotypic profile of uninfected monocytes remains unknown. We hypothesized that these exosomes influence the CD14/CD16 phenotypical profile of uninfected monocytes in a time-dependent manner. Exosomes were collected via ultracentrifugation from the plasma of women living with HIV (WLWH) and healthy controls stratified according to their cognition into normal cognition (NC) or symptomatic neurocognitive impairment (SNI) groups. Monocyte subsets were identified via flow cytometry by using anti-CD14 and anti-CD16 flu

Higher Cerebrospinal Fluid Soluble Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor, But Not Interferon γ-inducible Protein 10, Correlate With Higher Working Memory Deficits.

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the induction of monocyte activation biomarkers, especially soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and interferon γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), is lower in HIV-1C than HIV-1B, owing to a defective Tat cysteine dimotif (C30S). METHODS: A total of 68 paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from people with HIV (PWH), free of CNS opportunistic infections, from a Southern Brazil outpatient HIV clinic were evaluated such as HIV-1B subtype (n = 27), HIV-1C (n = 26), other (n = 15), and 19 HIV-negative controls. The levels of suPAR