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Drug resistance in Salmonella Typhi: implications for South Asia and travel.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent attempts at mapping Typhoid epidemiology have revealed an enormous burden of disease in developing countries. Countries hitherto believed to have a low incidence, such as the African subcontinent, on accurate mapping were found to have a significant burden of disease. Drug resistance, because of rampant overuse of antibiotics, has driven selection pressure to extensively drug-resistant typhoid becoming a reality in the Indian subcontinent. With widespread travel, importation of this variety of typhoid to nonendemic countries is likely to lead to outbreaks in a nonimmu

Micronutrient deficiencies and their public health implications for South-East Asia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent worldwide, including in South-East Asia, and have a profound impact on public health. Most efforts towards eliminating micronutrient deficiencies have focused on vitamin A, iron, and iodine deficiency. But deficiency of other micronutrients also affect public health. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of micronutrient deficiency prevalence in South-East Asia and potential public health impact. RECENT FINDINGS: Representative and up-to-date data on micronutrient status in South-East Asia is limited. Alt…

Hypertension and Dementia: A comprehensive review from the HOPE Asia Network.

Approximately 365 million people in Asia were classified as elderly in 2017. This number is rising and expected to reach approximately 520 million by 2030. The risk of hypertension and cognitive impairment/dementia increases with age. Recent data also show that the prevalence of hypertension and age-related dementia are rising in Asian countries. Moreover, not many people in Asian countries are aware of the relationship between hypertension and cognitive impairment/dementia. Furthermore, hypertension control is poorer in Asia than in developed countries. Hypertension is known to be a major ris…

Дистрибьюторские и экологические движущие силы группы " Spoted Fever Group " ( " Рикетсия " ) в Азии.

Группа жаровых заболеваний и связанная с ними рикетсия (SFGR) — группа патогенов, которые относятся к роду Рикиттсия. SFGR имеет зоонотические свойства и передается артроподовыми векторами, главным образом клещами, блохами и клещами случайным носителям. Эти новые и вновь возникающие инфекции широко распространены во всем мире. Изменения в землепользовании и рост числа конфликтов между людьми и людьми усугубляют опасность заражения СФРГ для местного населения в эндемических районах и путешественников в эти регионы. В этой статье мы обсуждаем рикетсиальные организмы, вызывающие пятнистую лихорад

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Spotted fever group and related rickettsia (SFGR) are a neglected group of pathogens that belong to the genus Rickettsia. SFGR are zoonotic … ss the rickettsial organisms causing spotted fever and related diseases, their arthropod vectors in Asia and the impact of land-use change on their spread.

An overview of rickettsiae in Southeast Asia: Vector-animal-human interface.

Rickettsioses are emerging, and re-emerging diseases caused by obligate intracellular arthropod-borne bacteria that infect humans and animal … didatus Anaplasma pangolinii, and other novel genotypes in vectors, humans and animals in Southeast Asia. Issues on some unidentified rickettsiae that elicit immune responses and production of antibodies that are cross-reactive with the antigens used are discussed. Knowledge gaps which required attention are also identified in this review.

Mapping histoplasmosis in South East Asia - implications for diagnosis in AIDS.

Histoplasmosis caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is often lethal in patients with AIDS. Urine antigen testing is highly sensitive and much quicker for diagnosis than culture. Histoplasmosis has a patchy and incompletely appreciated distribution around the world especially in South East Asia. We conducted a systematic literature review of cases of all disease forms of histoplasmosis in SE Asia, not including the Indian sub-continent. We also reviewed all histoplasmin skin test mapping studies to determine localities of exposure. We found a total of 407 cases contracted or likely to ha…

The Invisible Burden: Diagnosing and Combatting Typhoid Fever in Asia and Africa.

Measuring the burden of typhoid fever and developing effective strategies to reduce it require a surveillance infrastructure that is currently lacking in many endemic countries. Recent efforts and partnerships between local and international researchers have helped to provide new data on the incidence and control of typhoid in parts of Asia and Africa. Here, we highlight examples from India, Nepal, Vietnam, Fiji, Sierra Leone, and Malawi that summarize past and present experiences with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of typhoid fever in different locations with endemic disease. While …

Environmental contributions to gastrointestinal and liver cancer in the Asia-Pacific region.

In the Asia-Pacific region, gastric, colorectal, and hepatocellular (liver) cancer show substantial regional variation in incidence consistent with the presence of important environmental factors. For gastric cancer, global incidence is concentrated in Asia with substantially higher rates in East Asia than in South-East Asia and Australia. The differences in incidence rates for gastric cancer in the Asia-Pacific region may be due, in part, to differences in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the prevalence of H. pylori virulence factors. Smoking is also correlated with gastric…

Expert opinion on the applicability of dyslipidemia guidelines in Asia and the Middle East.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a growing burden across the world. In Asia and the Middle East, in particular, CVD is among the most prevalent and debilitating diseases. Dyslipidemia is an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular events, and so effective management strategies are critical to reducing overall cardiovascular risk. Multiple dyslipidemia guidelines have been developed by international bodies such as the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, which…

Current Perspectives on Opisthorchiasis Control and Cholangiocarcinoma Detection in Southeast Asia.

Similar to bile duct cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the western world, opisthorchiasis-associated CCA in Southeast Asia is an aggressive cancer with high mortality rates. It is known to cause a significant health burden in the opisthorchiasis region in Thailand and possibly throughout mainland Southeast. To reduce this health burden, a comprehensive prevention and control program for opisthorchiasis, as well as CCA, is required. In this review, our aim is to provide a brief update of the current situation regarding the natural history of opisthorchiasis and health burden of CCA in South…

Hypertension treatment in the Asia-Pacific: the role of and treatment strategies with nebivolol.

Hypertension is a common disease, and hypertensive patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of hypertension in the Asia-Pacific region are predicted to increase in the coming decades. Effective blood pressure lowering reduces overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients, yet doubt has been raised regarding the use of (mainly older generation) β-blockers as initial therapy in hypertension. Consequently, several international treatment guidelines do not recommend β-blockers for the treatment of hypertension. However, in contra…

Interactions between risk and protective factors on problem gambling in Asia.

This study examined the relationships between risk (i.e., gambling cognitions, gambling urges, psychological distress) and protective factors (i.e., life satisfaction, resilience, gambling refusal self-efficacy) and problem gambling among 310 Singaporeans aged between 18 and 73 years. Data on demographics, risk and protective factors, and gambling behavior were collected through electronic and paper surveys. Hierarchical multiple regression was employed to assess the contributions of the risk and protective factors in predicting problem gambling. Three risk factors (i.e., gambling cognitions,

What Are the Current Situations and the Challenges of Maternal and Child Malnutrition in Asia?

Changes in lifestyle have led to better nutrition or increasing the risk of NCDs in Asia, while there are still many children and reproductive-aged women (RAW) suffering undernutrition whose lives are at risk in the same region. The MDG of reducing the prevalence of underweight <5 children to half has been achieved already or nearly achieved in many Asian countries, whereas South Asian (SA) countries and several other countries (Cambodia, Laos, East Timor and Yemen) have difficulties in achieving the goal by 2015. In particular, East Timor and Yemen are in a critical situation with undernutrit…

Landau-Kleffner syndrome: an uncommon dealt with case in Southeast Asia.

An 11-year-old boy was admitted with fever followed by convulsions. He had developed aphasia subsequent to this illness. His birth history was unremarkable, and he had normal growth and development including of language, hearing and vision. His neurological examination was normal except for aphasia. Investigations including cerebrospinal fluid study and MRI were normal. However, EEG was abnormal and the boy was diagnosed as a case of Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) and treated with sodium valproate, levetiracetam and steroids. He responded well to treatment and has been on follow-up for the las…

A review of Shamosuchus and Paralligator (Crocodyliformes, Neosuchia) from the Cretaceous of Asia.

The crocodyliform Shamosuchus is known from numerous Late Cretaceous localities in southern and eastern Mongolia and fragmentary remains fro … of Borealosuchus plus Crocodylia. These results support the presence of a diverse clade in eastern Asia and western North America throughout the Cretaceous with origins in the Late Jurassic.

Asia-Pacific women's experiences of stillbirth: A metasynthesis of qualitative literature.

Literature related to Asia-Pacific women's lived experiences of stillbirth was reviewed through metasynthesis of selected empirical studies. An overarching construct of "interconnectedness" between complex experiences influenced by cultural and systemic factors became apparent. Four experiential themes emerged: "acts of accusation," "rocky relationships," "entangled emotions," and "routines of reconciliation." These were influenced by two systemic factors: "contexts of culture" and "health care matters." Women's sociocultural experiences and their engagement with health care systems influenced…

Penicillin-Resistant trend of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asia: A systematic review.

The high prevalence of resistance to penicillin by Streptococcus pneumoniaeis considered as a great concern, particularly in Asian countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the changing trend of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) in Asia over a 20 years period. A review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database, Google Scholar, Scopus, two Persian scientific search engines "Scientific Information Database" (www.sid.ir), and "Mag Iran" (www.magiran.com) through 1993 to 2013. Our study provides a unique chance to investigate the changing trend in PSSP in Asia ove…