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Causes of death in Lagos: structure and change.

An analysis of the changing structure of causes of death in the city of Lagos between 1965 and 1975 was conducted. Registered deaths from the vital statistics system of the Lagos State Ministry of Health were employed. It was found that significant changes in causes of death among the population had occurred during the period. In the 1960s, diseases which killed children were more common than those which killed adults. The most significant feature of these fatal children diseases was the sharp contrast between the causes peculiar to neonates (perinatal) on the one hand and those common among p

The Narangwal Nutrition Study: a summary review.

Between April 1968 and May 1973 the department of International Health of The Johns Hopkins University carried out investigations into the interactions of malnutrition and infection and their effects on preschool child growth, morbidity and mortality in 10 villages of Punjab, North India. Base line surveys before the introduction of services revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition and undernutrition and infectious disease morbidity, as well as lack of accessibility, underutilization and poor population coverage of governmental health services. Study villages were selected in separate cluste

Enhancing perinatal care in Rwanda: building quality improvement into system strengthening.

Rwanda has achieved substantial gains in maternal, newborn and child health over the last two decades. But reduction in neonatal mortality has slowed, with most deaths now occurring in hospitals and health centres. Mortality is mainly caused by prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, infection and gaps in quality of care. From 2017 to 2023, the Rwanda Pediatric Association and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health Global, in partnership with UNICEF, the Ministry of Health and Rwanda Biomedical Center, implemented a multiphase programme across 21 hospitals designed to enhance perinatal car

Недоедание как одна из основных причин детской смертности, связанной с инфекционными заболеваниями в развивающихся странах.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Согласно последним оценкам, недоедание (измеряемое как плохое антропометрическое состояние) связано примерно с 50% всех смертей среди детей. Хотя связь между недоеданием и смертностью от всех причин хорошо задокументирована, связанный с недоеданием риск смерти, связанный с конкретными заболеваниями, менее хорошо описан. Мы изучили опубликованную литературу для изучения данных о взаимосвязи между недоеданием и детской смертностью от диареи, острых респираторных заболеваний, малярии и кори, которые составляют более 50% смертей среди детей во всем мире.МЕТОДЫ: МЕДЛИНА искала подходящие

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Recent estimates suggest that malnutrition (measured as poor anthropometric status) is associated with about 50% of all deaths … d. We reviewed published literature to examine the evidence for a relation between malnutrition and child mortality from diarrhoea, acute respiratory illness, malaria and measles, conditions that account for over 50% of deaths in children worldwide. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for suitable review articles and original reports of community-based and hospital-ba …

Review of Childhood Mortality Pattern at the Paediatric Unit of a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The vital statistics in the third world countries are poor and have witnessed minimal improvement over the years with childhood mortality in Nigeria remaining one of the highest among the developing countries despite various child survival programmes. Child survival strategies can only be efficient if the major reasons for morbidity are known. The objective of this retrospective study was to review the patterns of childhood mortality at the emergency room of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti (FETHI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at the Children Emergency

Emergency transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): results, complications and predictors of mortality in the first month of follow-up.

PURPOSE: We conducted a single-centre retrospective analysis of the results and predictors of early mortality in emergency transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 2009, 82 patients with refractory variceal bleeding underwent emergency TIPS at our Institution. The success and complications of the procedure were assessed for each patient. Child class, platelet count, prothrombin time, serum creatinine levels and venous pressure before and after TIPS were studied statistically as possible prognostic factors of early mortality. RESULTS: The t

Prospective validation of the Rockall risk scoring system for upper GI hemorrhage in subgroups of patients with varices and peptic ulcers.

OBJECTIVES: The Rockall risk assessment score was devised to allow prediction of the risk of rebleeding and death in patients with upper GI hemorrhage. The score was derived by multivariate analysis in a cohort of patients with upper GI hemorrhage and subsequently validated in a second cohort. Only 4.4% of patients included in the initial study had esophageal varices, and analysis was not performed according to the etiology of the bleeding. Our aim was to assess the validity of the Rockall risk scoring system in predicting rebleeding and mortality in patients with esophageal varices or peptic

The Intergenerational Transmission of Health Disadvantage: Can Education Disrupt It?

In low-income countries, intergenerational processes can culminate in the replication of extreme forms of health disadvantage between mothers and adult daughters, including experiencing a young child's death. The preventable nature of most child deaths raises questions of whether social resources can protect women from enduring this adversity like their mothers. This study examined whether education-widely touted as a vehicle for social mobility in resource-poor countries-disrupts the intergenerational cycle of maternal bereavement. We estimated multilevel discrete-time survival models of wome

Incidence of liver- and non-liver-related outcomes in patients with HCV-cirrhosis after SVR.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: As the long-term benefits of a sustained virological response (SVR) in HCV-related cirrhosis following direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment remain undefined, we assessed the incidence and predictors of liver-related events (LREs), non-liver-related events (NLREs) and mortality in DAA-treated patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with cirrhosis and SVR were enrolled in a longitudinal, single-center study, and divided into 3 cohorts: Cohort A (Child-Pugh A without a previous LRE), Cohort B (Child-Pugh B or Child-Pugh A with prior non-hepatocellular carcino

Predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients presenting with variceal gastrointestinal bleeding.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The recent years have witnessed an increase in number of people harboring chronic liver diseases. Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding occurs in 30% of patients with cirrhosis, and accounts for 80%-90% of bleeding episodes. We aimed to assess the in-hospital mortality rate among subjects presenting with variceal gastrointestinal bleeding and (2) to investigate the predictors of mortality rate among subjects presenting with variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted from treatment records of 317 subjects who presented with var

Setting research priorities to reduce almost one million deaths from birth asphyxia by 2015.

Joy Lawn and colleagues used a systematic process developed by the Child Health Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) to define and rank research options to reduce mortality from intrapartum-related neonatal deaths (birth asphyxia) by the year 2015.

Causes and trends of under-five mortality in the Gilgel Gibe Health and Demographic Surveillance System, 2005 to 2019, Southwest Ethiopia: Cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Irrespective of intensive global efforts to reduce under-five mortality, it remains a significant public health concern. Understanding the causes and trends of under-five mortality is essential for guiding targeted interventions, assessing the effectiveness of public health strategies, and monitoring changes in mortality over time. The health and demographic surveillance system is one of the preferred sources to study the cause of under-five mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyse the causes and trends of under-five deaths in Southwest Ethiopia using Gilgel-Gibe Health an

Parametric modeling of under-5 children survival among 30 African countries: Lognormal accelerated failure time gamma shared frailty model.

BACKGROUND: Under-five mortality continues to be a serious public health concern in low-and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa. … f time-to-death among under-five children in these African nations. RESULT: The overall under-five child mortality rate in Africa was 37.55 per 1,000 live births (95% CI: 37.35, 37.74. In this study, children born in Western Africa; children born in Eastern Africa; children born to mothers aged 15-19 years; maternal educational status; maternal decision autonomy …

Reducing under-five mortality in Tanzania: insights from a 60-years data analysis on economic and health indicators.

BACKGROUND: Under-five mortality in Tanzania remains a persistent issue, significantly affecting both the health and economic sectors. Despi … s underscore the importance of economic development and public health interventions in reducing the child mortality rate. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 3.2 by 2030, which aims for all countries to accomplish U5MR of 25 or less deaths per 1000 live births. By highlighting the relat …

Corruption costs lives: a cross-country study using an IV approach.

This study quantitatively estimates the effects of corruption on five major health indicators by using recent cross-country panel data covering 119 countries for the period of 2005-2011. The corruption indicators provided by the World Bank and Transparency International are used, and both the two-way fixed effect and the two-stage least squares approaches are employed for our estimation. The estimation results show that, in general, corruption is negatively associated with a country's health outcomes. A lower level of corruption or a better control of corruption in a country can lead to longer

Individualized portal pressure gradient threshold based on liver function categories in preventing rebleeding after TIPS.

BACKGROUND: The evidence in Portal pressure gradient (PPG) < 12 mmHg after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for preventing rebleeding mostly comes from observations in uncovered stents era. Moreover, association between Child-Pugh classes and post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has indicated that tolerance of PPG reduction depends on liver function. This study aimed to investigate the optimal PPG for covered TIPS and explore the optimal threshold tailored to the Child-Pugh classes to find individualized PPG to balance rebleeding and overt HE. METHODS: This multicenter re

Maternal psychosocial risk factors and child gestational epigenetic age in a South African birth cohort study.

Accelerated epigenetic aging relative to chronological age has been found to be associated with higher risk of mortality in adults. However, little is known about whether and how in utero exposures might shape child gestational epigenetic age (EA) at birth. We aimed to explore associations between maternal psychosocial risk factors and deviation in child gestational EA at birth (i.e., greater or lower EA relative to chronological age) in a South African birth cohort study-the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Maternal psychosocial risk factors included trauma/stressor exposure; posttraumatic str

Child abuse in the West Bank of the occupied Palestinian territory (WB/oPt): social and political determinants.

BACKGROUND: Child maltreatment is a global epidemic. It affects morbidity, mortality, social behavior, wellbeing, and quality of life of children. This study aims to assess prevalence of child abuse in the West Bank (WB) of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) and to determine some of its social and political associated factors. METHODS: We analyzed secondary data obtained from a cross sectional study conducted on a sample representing Palestinian children on the West Bank and using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) tool. The ISPCAN Child Abu

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome following rotavirus infection in a pediatric patient with severe pneumonia: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), also known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is characterized by persistent fever, cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, and elevation of typical HLH biomarkers, often associated with a high mortality rate. Secondary HLH is frequently triggered by infections, with viral HLH being the most common infectious etiology in children. Although various viruses have been implicated in the induction of HLH, reports of HLH triggered by rotavirus infection are scarce, primarily occurring in post-transplantation immunosuppressed patients. The condition has a

Long-term child outcomes after prenatal aspirin exposure: A 4-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (the APRIL study).

OBJECTIVE: To identify the long-term child outcomes after prenatal aspirin exposure. METHODS: This study is a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating low-dose aspirin in the prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm labor (the APRIL study) comparing aspirin 80 mg daily (n = 194) to placebo (n = 193) in singletons. Children were assessed at 4 years corrected age using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (third edition, ASQ-3) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for (neuro)development and behavioral outcomes, respectively. Data on mortality, general health