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Ovarian response to porcine FSH in association with ablation-induced or spontaneous follicular wave development during the estrous cycle in crossbred and Brazilian Warmblood mares.

The primary objective of this study was to examine the follicular and ovulatory responses following treatment with pFSH in association with ablation-induced or spontaneous follicular wave emergence or follicle deviation during diestrus in crossbred (Mangalarga×Arabian) and Brazilian Warmblood mares with a propensity for spontaneous multiple ovulations; secondary considerations were given to the collection of embryos. In Experiment 1, crossbred mares were administered (im) saline (control, n=7) or pFSH (25mg) when the largest follicle of the ablation-induced follicular wave reached ≥13mm (n=7) …

[Side effects of low serum lithium concentrations on renal, thyroid, and sexual functions in male and female rats].

The present study, carried out in rats, is a contribution to explore physiological mechanisms underlying lithium toxicity. Male and female m … stradiol level was found to be increased in a dose-dependent manner and animals were blocked in the diestrus phase at day 28. These results show that lithium can rapidly induce toxic effects in the rat at concentrations used for the treatment of bipolar disorders in human.

Follicle-stimulating hormone plays a role in the induction of ovarian follicular cysts in hypophysectomized rats.

Unabated stimulation by low doses of LH-like activity produces ovarian follicular cysts in both progesterone-synchronized immature rats and pregnant rats. Serum FSH is maintained in both of these models at values similar to those observed on diestrus. To determine whether unabated stimulation by basal serum FSH affects the ability of LH-like activity to induce cystic ovaries, immature hypophysectomized (HYPOXD) rats were given either no hormone (control); 2 micrograms ovine FSH (oFSH) once daily for 14 days beginning on Day 27; 0.5 IU hCG twice daily for 13 days beginning on Day 28 of age; or …

Repeatability of anogenital distance measurements from birth to maturity and at different physiological states in female Holstein cattle.

The inverse association between anogenital distance (AGD; the distance from the center of the anus to the base of the clitoris) and fertilit … n cows, AGD was measured at different stages of the estrous cycle (proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus; n = 20), gestation (30, 90, 180, and 270 d; n = 78), and lactation (30-300 d in milk in 30-d increments; n = 30). Calf height and BW at birth had a weak positive association with AGD at birth. The AGD increased linearly from birth to breeding age, …

[Electroacupuncture improves senescence of ovarian granulosa cells by regulating P53/P21 signaling pathway in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency].

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Gongsun" (SP4) on tumor suppressor protein 53 (P53)/cyclin-dependent inhibi … RESULTS: After modeling, the rats' estrus cycles were disordered, mostly stagnated in proestrus and diestrus. Compared with the control group, the pregnancy rate, the number of embryos, and the contents of E2 and AMH were decreased (P<0.01) in the model group, while the contents of serum FSH, LH, IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-β1, the expression of P16, P21, P53 and …

Progesterone levels and days to luteolysis in mares treated with intrauterine fractionated coconut oil.

Intrauterine plant oil infusion, including fractionated coconut oil, has been previously found to be a safe, inexpensive, and reversible met … concluded that intrauterine administration of 1 mL of fractionated coconut oil lowered P4 levels in diestrus in a dose-dependent fashion and did not prolonged the luteal phase of the mares.

Evaluation of short estrus synchronization methods in dairy cows.

In the present study, two new short estrus synchronization methods have been developed for lactating dairy cows. The study was completed in … d to three treatment groups. Treatment was initiated at Day 3 (group metestrus, n=9), Day 12 (group diestrus, n=9) and Day 18 (group proestrus, n=9) after ovulation. All cows included in Exp 3 were TAI between 16 and 20 h after GnRH treatment. In Exp 2 and 3, blood samples were obtained once every 2 days, starting from Day 0 to the 10th day after GnRH inje …

Oviductal extracellular vesicles (oviductosomes, OVS) are conserved in humans: murine OVS play a pivotal role in sperm capacitation and fertility.

STUDY QUESTIONS: Are extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the murine oviduct (oviductosomes, OVS) conserved in humans and do they play a role in … ensities and compared in WT and Pmca4-/- after induced estrus and in proestrus/estrus and metestrus/diestrus in cycling females. In vitro uptake of PMCA1 and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins was quantified with flow cytometry and/or quantitative western blot. Ca2+-ATPase activity in OVS and sperm before and after PMCA1 and PMCA4 uptake was assayed, via the …

Genomic merit for reproductive traits. II: Physiological responses of Holstein heifers.

Fertility traits were recently added to the evaluation of genetic merit, allowing for the selection of Holstein cattle with improved reproductive performance. In the current study, we investigated the associations among genomic merit for daughter pregnancy rate (GDPR) and heifer conception rate (GHCR) and physiological responses during proestrus and diestrus. Holstein heifers (n = 99) were classified based on GDPR [high = 3.26 ± 0.76 (1.6 to 5.3), n = 48; low = -0.17 ± 0.75 (-1.8 to 1.0), n = 51] and GHCR [high = 2.75 ± 0.77 (1.5 to 5.5), n = 49; low = 0.06 ± 0.67 (-2.1 to 1.2), n = 50]. Heife…

Tamoxifen: 28-day oral toxicity study in the rat based on the Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407 to detect endocrine effects.

The main objective of this 28-day oral gavage toxicity study in the rat was to investigate which of the current and/or additional parameters … e (T4) levels, monitoring of the estrous cycle during week 4 of treatment to ensure females were in diestrus on the day of terminal sacrifice, organ weight of ovary, uterus, thyroid gland, prostate gland (ventral and dorsolateral parts), seminal vesicles with coagulation glands and pituitary gland, and microscopic investigation of the pituitary gland, vagi …

Ovarian reaction and estrus manifestation in delayed puberty gilts after treatment with equine chorionic gonadotropin.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged pre-insemination anestrus (i.e. delayed puberty) is a major contributing factor for culling up to 30% of the replaceme … days following eCG injections. These gilts were considered as eCG treated during the luteal phase (diestrus) of the spontaneous estrus cycle. Both findings suggest that delayed puberty gilts actually reached cyclic pubertal ovarian activity (sexual maturity) before culling from the breeding herd.

[Effect of electroacupuncture in regulating miRNA-21-5p/A20 to induce macrophages polarization in primary dysmenorrhea rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture on macrophages polarization by regulating microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p)/ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 (A20) in primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) rats. METHODS: Twenty-four female SD rats of SPF grade in diestrus were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an electroacupuncture group and an ibuprofen group, 6 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, in the other 3 groups, PDM model was established using estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was applied at "Guanyuan" (CV4)…

Determination of appropriate time for establishing a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis induced by bilateral oophorectomy: From bibliometric analysis to animal experiment.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the optimal age for developing a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis via bilateral oophorectomy. … of E2 in the 8w, 10w and 12w groups was significantly higher relative to that of the proestrus and diestrus (P < 0.05). Moreover, the ovaries of the 4w and 6w groups were smaller and flat, most of them were primordial follicles and primary follicles, without discernable a corpus luteum. The ovaries of the 8, 10 and 12w groups were enlarged and full, with …

Acute, subchronic and chronic safety studies with genistein in rats.

Genistein is a phytoestrogen that occurs naturally in the diet, especially in soy based foods. There is wide spread interest in phytoestroge … bserved. Furthermore, hydrometra of the uterus and findings in the vagina consisting of anestric or diestrus vaginal mucosa with vaginal mucification, hyperplastic epithelium and multifocal cystic degeneration were noted at 500 mg/kg/day. Atrophy of the ovaries increased in severity in animals at 50 and 500 mg/kg/day. Osteopetrosis (hyperostosis) was obser …

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of methyl trans-styryl ketone (CAS NO 1896-62-4) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed and dermal studies).

UNLABELLED: Methyl trans-styryl ketone is used as a synthetic flavoring agent and a fragrance additive in food and personal care products. M … potential for reproductive toxicity in female rats based upon an increased probability of extended diestrus at the highest exposure concentration. In all exposed groups of males, there were treatment-related increased incidences of goblet cell hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium of the nose and nephropathy of the kidney. In females, there was an inc …

Multigenerational reproductive study of genistein (Cas No. 446-72-0) in Sprague-Dawley rats (feed study).

Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. Human exposure to … espective control groups. Other estrous cycle disturbances (with the exception of decreased time in diestrus for 100 ppm females in the F(4) generation) were confined to the 500 ppm group of the F(1) generation and included reduced time in proestrus and an increase in the number and percentage of aberrant cycles. When the estrous cycles of older animals we …

Биология и болезни крыс

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… For a 4-day estrous cycle, approximately 1 day is spent in each of the four stages: estrus, metestrus, diestrus, and proestrus. However, cycles of up to 6 days are not uncommon, with the additional time in diestrus or proestrus ( Peluso, 1992 ). … Additionally, the vulva becomes swollen, and the vaginal wall appears dry in estrus, instead of the moist pink appearance during metestrus or diestrus. This is due to cornification of the vaginal epithelium during estrus ( Baker, 1979 ). …

Biology and Diseases of Dogs

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… The day of this change is the first day of diestrus. … Diestrus: more than 50% intermediate cells, superficial cells and squames early, but becoming completely noncornified with neutrophils present as diestrus proceeds. Anestrus: small numbers of parabasal cells and intermediate cells, with or without neutrophils. …

NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of p-tert-butylcatechol (CAS No. 98-29-3) administered in feed to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.

[molecular structure: see text] p-tert-Butylcatechol is used as an antioxidant, stabilizer, and polymerization inhibitor for styrene, butadi … male rats in the 6,250 and 12,500 ppm groups had significantly longer cycles and spent more time in diestrus and less time in proestrus, estrus, and metestrus than did the controls. Female mice in the 12,500 ppm group had a significantly longer estrous cycle than did the controls. The incidences of hyperkeratosis of the forestomach epithelium were signific …

NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of methacrylonitrile (CAS No. 126-98-7). Administered by gavage to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Methacrylonitrile is an aliphatic nitrile used extensively in the preparation of homo- and copolymers, elastomers, and plastics and as a che … nger estrous cycles than did the vehicle controls. Females in the 60 mg/kg group spent more time in diestrus than the vehicle controls. One male and one female mouse in the 12 mg/kg groups died early. Methacrylonitrile administration caused no significant differences in final mean body weights or body weight gains. Clinical findings included lethargy, trem …