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Glutamate stimulates oligodendrocyte progenitor migration mediated via an alphav integrin/myelin proteolipid protein complex.

In the mammalian CNS, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) express most neurotransmitter receptors, but their function remains unclear. The current studies suggest a physiological role for glutamate (AMPA and/or kainate) receptors in OPC migration. AMPA stimulated alphav integrin-mediated OPC migration by increasing both the rate of cell movement and the frequency of Ca2+ transients. A protein complex containing the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) and alphav integrin modulated the AMPA-stimulated migration, and stimulation of OPC AMPA receptors resulted in increased association of the AMPA …

Putative glioblastoma origin-like cells in the subventricular zone: isolation and characterization.

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains lethal despite maximal therapy. The adult subventricular zone (SVZ), a neural stem-cell niche, has been implicated as a potential site of origin, yet the identity and functional properties of putative GBM origin-like cells (GBM-OCs) within the SVZ remain unclear. An SVZ-restricted somatic mutation mouse model (Cre-induced EGFRvIII expression with Trp53 and Pten disruption) was established and mouse SVZ-derived cells were prospectively isolated for functional and molecular profiling. Self-renewal, multipotency, invasive potential and tumour-initiating capacity were as

Ремонт тканей в центральной нервной системе: эпигенетическое программирование регуляторных Т клеток.

Регулирующие Т клетки хорошо известны своей иммуномодуляционной ролью, но также их регенеративная функция все чаще признается в различных типах тканей, включая скелетные мышцы, легкие и центральную нервную систему (ЦНС). В CNS Tregs, как было показано, поощряют дифференциацию олигодендроцитов в прекурсорных клетках, и их взаимодействие с микроглией поддерживает стимулирующую регенеративную микроокружную среду в мозгу. Подавляющая функция Tregs в значительной степени зависит от эпигенетической сигнатуры, в частности метилации ДНК, определенной сети связанных с Treg генов, включая FOXP3, CTLA4,

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), a population of multipotent CNS precursor cells, play a central role in axonal repair through their capacity to proliferate, migrate to sites of injury, differentiate, and ultimately mature into myelinating oligodendrocytes that ensheathe axons. …

Improvement by Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells of Neurobehavioral Disorders in an Experimental Model of Neonatal Periventricular Leukomalacia.

The effects of human oligodendrocyte progenitor (F3.olig2) cells on improving neurobehavioral deficits were investigated in an experimental model of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Seven-day-old male rats were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia-lipopolysaccharide injection (HIL), and intracerebroventricularly transplanted with F3.olig2 (4 × 105 cells/rat) once at post-natal day (PND) 10 or repeatedly at PND10, 17, 27, and 37. Neurobehavioral disorders were evaluated at PND14, 20, 30, and 40 via cylinder test, locomotor activity, and rotarod performance, and cognitive function was evaluated at P

Oligodendrocyte dysfunction and regeneration failure: A novel hypothesis of delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning usually causes brain lesions and delayed encephalopathy, also known as delayed neurological sequelae (DNS). Demyelination of white matter (WM) is one of the most common sites of abnormalities in patients with DNS, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinated cells that ensure the rapid conduction of neuronal axon signals and provide the nutritional factors necessary for maintaining nerve integrity in the central nervous system (CNS). OLs readily regenerate and replace damaged myelin membranes around axons in the adult mammalian CNS fol

CEMIP Hyaluronidase растёт в Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells и Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Maturation.

Обезвоживание центральной нервной системы (ЦСН) происходит в многочисленных условиях, включая множественный склероз (МС). КНС предусматривает набор и созревание ячеек потомства олигодендроцитов (КОД). Ремилинизация часто не дает результатов отчасти из-за ингибирования ОРХ в миелионирующие олигодендроциты (ОИ). Продукты диагностирования гликосаминогликанского гиалуронана (HA), полученные в результате гиалуронидозной активности, создания блока OPS созревания и ремиелинирования. Здесь мы стремились определить, какие гиалурониды повышены в демиелионирующих повреждениях, и проверить, влияют ли они

H3K27M drives OPC stemness and intrathecal therapeutic vulnerability in brainstem glioma organoids.

Brainstem gliomas, particularly H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), lack effective therapies owing to anatomic inaccessibility, intact blood-brain barrier, and treatment resistance. Conventional models have low establishment rates and fail to preserve the native tumor microenvironment, limiting translational study for this rare disease. Here, we established a patient-derived brainstem glioma organoid (BSGO) platform with high success, faithfully recapitulating parental tumor features. Multi-omics and functional assays revealed that DMGs maintain oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) s

Комбинированная терапия резко поощряет воспоминание.

Множественный склероз (MS) — неизлечимое иммунное заболевание в центральной нервной системе, характеризующееся демиелинацией, аксонной дегенерацией и прогрессивной неврологической инвалидностью и до сих пор неизлечимое. Нынешние лекарства в основном предназначены для лечения иммунных заболеваний, но не предотвращают прогрессию заболеваний из-за их неспособности активно содействовать воссоединению. По сообщениям, небольшие молекулы способствуют регенерации миелина, но их терапевтическая эффективность ограничивается недостаточной иммунной модуляцией. Таким образом, стратегии, направленные как на

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Concurrently, there is a progressive failure of remyelination due to an intrinsic deficiency in myelin production by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) ( Faissner et al., 2019 ; Healy et al., 2022 ; Ma et al., 2024 ). …

A translational preclinical strategy for chronic spinal cord injury: neuroprotective and regenerative potential of botulinum neurotoxin type A combined with muscle atrophy prevention via electrostimulation.

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers persistent neuroinflammation, gliosis, neuronal loss, and demyelination, leading to motor defi … phology, neuronal and oligodendroglial survival, myelin protein expression, and in vitro effects on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The phenotype of hindlimb muscles was evaluated through morphological and gene expression analyses. RESULTS: EMS was able to counteract muscle atrophy and fibrosis, and when combined with BoNT/A, also denervation. Moreover, the combination …

Wuzi Yanzong Pill relieves CPZ-induced demyelination by improving the microenvironment in the brain.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP), a well-known prescription for invigorating the kidney and essence, which is widely use … Iba-1, Arg-1, iNOS, the expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF, GDNF, CNTF, and the expression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells NG2. ELISA detected the content of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, BDNF, GDNF, CNTF in the brain. The distribution of Iba-1 in the corpus callosum was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The results showed that on the basis of improving mood abnorm …

Identification of novel myelin repair drugs by modulation of oligodendroglial differentiation competence.

BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes impairs saltatory signal transduction and leads to neuronal loss and functional deficits. Limited capacity of oligodendroglial precursor cells to differentiate into mature cells is the main reason for inefficient myelin repair in the central nervous system. Drug repurposing constitutes a powerful approach for identification of pharmacological compounds promoting this process. METHODS: A phenotypic compound screening using the subcellular distribution of a potent inhibitor of oligodendroglial cell differentiation, namely p57

Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the absence of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4(+) T cell-dependent, organ-specific autoimmune model commonly used to investigate mechanisms involved in the activation of autoreactive T(h)1 cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinases such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk) 1 and 2 play an important role in the differentiation of naive precursors into T(h)1 or T(h)2 effector cells. To investigate the role of Jnk2 on autoimmunity, Jnk2(-/-) and wild-type mice were immunized with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 peptide and the onset of EAE studied. Surprisingly, Jnk2(-/-)

Genome-Wide Identification of Microglia-Related RNA-Binding Proteins and Regulated Alternative Splicing in Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents one of the recognized difficulties, and its pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Aberrant … 6 differential cellular taxa were identified, including mesangial cells, microglia, neuronal cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), oligodendrocytes, and vascular cells. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that differential ASEs, RBPs, and cells were involved in regulating SCI through various biological pathways. Next, we chose to regulate alternative splicing (RAS), which is …

Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis and Proton Transport Synergistically Mitigate Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Dysfunction Following Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the Pbx3/Dguok/Kif21b Signaling Pathway.

In the realm of this study, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of ischemic brain injury and its molecular foundations is of paramount importance. Our study delved into single-cell data analysis, with a specific focus on sub-celltypes and differentially expressed genes in the aftermath of ischemic injury. Notably, we observed a significant enrichment of the "ATP METABOLIC PROCESS" and "ATP HYDROLYSIS ACTIVITY" pathways, featuring pivotal genes such as Pbx3, Dguok, and Kif21b. A remarkable finding was the consistent upregulation of genes like Fabp7 and Bcl11a within the MCAO group, highligh

Amelioration of clinical course and demyelination in the cuprizone mouse model in relation to ketogenic diet.

Ketogenic diet (KD) is defined as a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with appropriate amounts of protein, which has broad neuroprotective eff … e down-regulated, while the expression of oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2, an oligodendrocyte precursor cells marker) was up-regulated by the KD treatment. In addition, the KD treatment not only reduced the level of the C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), which is correlated to the recruitment of activated microglia, but also inhibited the production of proi …

Enhanced liver X receptor signalling reduces brain injury and promotes tissue regeneration following experimental intracerebral haemorrhage: roles of microglia/macrophages.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation-exacerbated secondary brain injury and limited tissue regeneration are barriers to favourable prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). As a regulator of inflammation and lipid metabolism, Liver X receptor (LXR) has the potential to alter microglia/macrophage (M/M) phenotype, and assist tissue repair by promoting cholesterol efflux and recycling from phagocytes. To support potential clinical translation, the benefits of enhanced LXR signalling are examined in experimental ICH. METHODS: Collagenase-induced ICH mice were treated with the LXR agonist GW3965 or veh

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals Sox6 positive interneurons enriched in the prefrontal cortex of female mice vulnerable to chronic social stress.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental illness that significantly impacts global health, with women showing twice the prevale … observed significant changes in cell-cell communication patterns, particularly between Sox6+Int and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several gene modules in Sox6+Int associated with specific depressive-like behaviors, implicating pathways related to inflammation, autophagy, and synaptic function. In particular …

Potential of human dental stem cells in repairing the complete transection of rat spinal cord.

OBJECTIVE: The adult spinal cord of mammals contains a certain amount of neural precursor cells, but these endogenous cells have a limited capacity for replacement of lost cells after spinal cord injury. The exogenous stem cells transplantation has become a therapeutic strategy for spinal cord repairing because of their immunomodulatory and differentiation capacity. In addition, dental stem cells originating from the cranial neural crest might be candidate cell sources for neural engineering. APPROACH: Human dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and dental

Induction of stem cell-like plasticity in mononuclear cells derived from unmobilised adult human peripheral blood.

Undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells with flexible developmental potentials are not normally found in peripheral blood. However, such cells have recently been reported to reside in the bone marrow. Herein are reported methods of inducing pluripotency in cells derived from unmobilised adult human peripheral blood. In response to the inclusion of purified CR3/43 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to well-established culture conditions, mononuclear cells (MNC) obtained from a single blood donor are converted into pluripotent haematopoietic, neuronal and cardiomyogenic progenitor stem cells or undiffere

Conditioned medium-preconditioned EPCs enhanced the ability in oligovascular repair in cerebral ischemia neonatal rats.

BACKGROUND: Oligovascular niche mediates interactions between cerebral endothelial cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Disruption of OPC-endothelium trophic coupling may aggravate the progress of cerebral white matter injury (WMI) because endothelial cells could not provide sufficient support under diseased conditions. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been reported to ameliorate WMI in the adult brain by boosting oligovascular remodeling. It is necessary to clarify the role of the conditioned medium from hypoxic endothelial cells preconditioned EPCs (EC-pEPCs) in WMI sinc…